Copper T & DMPA
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This document discusses different types of copper IUDs including their sizes, amounts of copper contained, and recommended replacement times. It also discusses appropriate times for IUD insertion after different reproductive events like periods, abortions, and deliveries. Potential complications of IUD insertion are outlined for both immediate and long-term issues. Indications for IUD removal and advantages/disadvantages of IUDs are summarized. Details are also provided about administration of DMPA injections every 3 or 6 months including delivery methods and potential side effects and benefits.
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The document summarizes intrauterine devices (IUDs) which are small T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy for 1-10 years. There are two main types - hormonal IUDs which release progestogen and prevent pregnancy through thickening cervical mucus and altering the uterus, and non-hormonal or copper IUDs which release copper ions that are toxic to sperm. IUDs have high effectiveness rates of 99.2-99.9% and can be used as long-term or emergency contraception. Risks include pelvic inflammatory disease and potential infertility if not properly inserted.
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The document summarizes the history and types of intrauterine devices (IUDs). It discusses early IUD designs from the 1900s and major developments, including the addition of copper and hormones to IUDs to increase effectiveness. The main types of IUDs are described - non-medicated, copper-containing, and hormone-containing. Key IUDs like the Lippes Loop, Copper T, and Mirena are explained. The document also covers IUD mechanisms of action, characteristics, insertion guidelines, potential infections issues, and appropriate users.
Intrauterine contraceptive devices ( IUCDs)
This document discusses different types of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs), including non-medicated, copper-containing, and hormone-containing IUCDs. It provides examples of specific IUCD brands. The document also addresses ideal candidates for IUCDs, contraindications, complications, and strategies to reduce risks like pelvic inflammatory disease. Case studies are presented and answered to demonstrate how IUCD eligibility and management would be assessed.
Copper t
This document discusses the Copper T intrauterine device (IUD). It begins by explaining that Copper T is a plastic and copper device used for contraception and emergency contraception. It works primarily by preventing fertilization through copper ions that decrease sperm motility. The document then describes the different types of Copper T devices and the mechanism of action. It provides eligibility criteria for Copper T insertion and notes it should be inserted during or within 10 days of menstruation. The document outlines advantages like effectiveness and reversibility, and disadvantages like possible side effects. It emphasizes Copper T is a safe, highly effective reversible method and concludes by summarizing proper use and follow-up care.
Iud (Intrauterine device)
The document discusses the anatomy of the human uterus and provides details on intrauterine devices (IUDs). It describes the historical background of IUDs, their mechanisms of action including morphological and biochemical changes in the endometrium, as well as potential complications. The summary is as follows:
[1] The document discusses the anatomy of the human uterus and historical background of intrauterine devices (IUDs) for birth control.
[2] IUDs prevent pregnancy primarily by interfering with sperm viability and mobility through morphological and biochemical changes in the endometrium as well as copper ion release.
[3] Potential complications of IUDs include pelvic inflammatory disease risk with
contraception and infertility
This document provides an overview of various contraceptive methods. It discusses temporary contraceptive methods including barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like oral contraceptive pills and emergency contraception, and intrauterine devices. It also covers permanent sterilization methods like vasectomy and tubectomy. For each method, it describes the mechanism of action, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages.
Misplaced IUCD -A Case Study
Migration of intrauterine devices (IUCDs) from the uterus can occur, ranging from expulsion to perforation into other organs. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosing migrated IUCDs. The case report describes 4 cases of migrated IUCDs diagnosed by x-ray, ultrasound, CT, and treated by laparotomy, hysteroscopic or cystoscopic removal. Migrated IUCDs can cause complications and their removal is usually recommended even if asymptomatic.
Family planning and contraceptive
Family planning through contraceptive use aims to control birth rates and spacing of children. It provides major health benefits by reducing maternal and infant mortality as well as unsafe abortions. A variety of contraceptive methods exist ranging from hormonal options like pills and implants to barrier methods like condoms. Proper family planning empowered individuals to decide the number and timing of children which has positive impact on population growth and social development.
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The document summarizes intrauterine devices (IUDs) which are small T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy for 1-10 years. There are two main types - hormonal IUDs which release progestogen and prevent pregnancy through thickening cervical mucus and altering the uterus, and non-hormonal or copper IUDs which release copper ions that are toxic to sperm. IUDs have high effectiveness rates of 99.2-99.9% and can be used as long-term or emergency contraception. Risks include pelvic inflammatory disease and potential infertility if not properly inserted.
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The document summarizes the history and types of intrauterine devices (IUDs). It discusses early IUD designs from the 1900s and major developments, including the addition of copper and hormones to IUDs to increase effectiveness. The main types of IUDs are described - non-medicated, copper-containing, and hormone-containing. Key IUDs like the Lippes Loop, Copper T, and Mirena are explained. The document also covers IUD mechanisms of action, characteristics, insertion guidelines, potential infections issues, and appropriate users.
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This document discusses different types of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs), including non-medicated, copper-containing, and hormone-containing IUCDs. It provides examples of specific IUCD brands. The document also addresses ideal candidates for IUCDs, contraindications, complications, and strategies to reduce risks like pelvic inflammatory disease. Case studies are presented and answered to demonstrate how IUCD eligibility and management would be assessed.
Copper t
This document discusses the Copper T intrauterine device (IUD). It begins by explaining that Copper T is a plastic and copper device used for contraception and emergency contraception. It works primarily by preventing fertilization through copper ions that decrease sperm motility. The document then describes the different types of Copper T devices and the mechanism of action. It provides eligibility criteria for Copper T insertion and notes it should be inserted during or within 10 days of menstruation. The document outlines advantages like effectiveness and reversibility, and disadvantages like possible side effects. It emphasizes Copper T is a safe, highly effective reversible method and concludes by summarizing proper use and follow-up care.
Iud (Intrauterine device)
The document discusses the anatomy of the human uterus and provides details on intrauterine devices (IUDs). It describes the historical background of IUDs, their mechanisms of action including morphological and biochemical changes in the endometrium, as well as potential complications. The summary is as follows:
[1] The document discusses the anatomy of the human uterus and historical background of intrauterine devices (IUDs) for birth control.
[2] IUDs prevent pregnancy primarily by interfering with sperm viability and mobility through morphological and biochemical changes in the endometrium as well as copper ion release.
[3] Potential complications of IUDs include pelvic inflammatory disease risk with
contraception and infertility
This document provides an overview of various contraceptive methods. It discusses temporary contraceptive methods including barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like oral contraceptive pills and emergency contraception, and intrauterine devices. It also covers permanent sterilization methods like vasectomy and tubectomy. For each method, it describes the mechanism of action, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages.
Misplaced IUCD -A Case Study
Migration of intrauterine devices (IUCDs) from the uterus can occur, ranging from expulsion to perforation into other organs. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosing migrated IUCDs. The case report describes 4 cases of migrated IUCDs diagnosed by x-ray, ultrasound, CT, and treated by laparotomy, hysteroscopic or cystoscopic removal. Migrated IUCDs can cause complications and their removal is usually recommended even if asymptomatic.
Family planning and contraceptive
Family planning through contraceptive use aims to control birth rates and spacing of children. It provides major health benefits by reducing maternal and infant mortality as well as unsafe abortions. A variety of contraceptive methods exist ranging from hormonal options like pills and implants to barrier methods like condoms. Proper family planning empowered individuals to decide the number and timing of children which has positive impact on population growth and social development.
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The document discusses intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs). It notes that two copper IUDs and one levonorgestrel-releasing IUD are currently available. IUDs are highly effective forms of reversible birth control, with failure rates of 1.26 and 0.09 per 100 women-years respectively for copper and levonorgestrel IUDs. Common side effects include irregular bleeding and cramping, which usually decrease over time. Risks include perforation, infection and expulsion.
8iud
The document summarizes information about the copper IUD, including:
- It is a small, flexible plastic device inserted into the womb that can provide effective contraception for up to 10 years.
- Side effects may include heavier or longer periods and more cramps, which usually improve after a few months.
- It is generally safe for most women to use but those who are pregnant, have recently given birth, have infections or certain medical conditions should not use or delay use.
Intrauterine drug delivery system
The device which is used in the intrauterine drug delivery system is known as an Intrauterine device (IUD) (2). IUDs or intrauterine devices are small artificial objects or devices inserted into the uterus to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy by disrupting the fertilization process as a result of sexual intercourse. They have gained popularity in recent times and are one of the most effective methods of birth control in terms of long-term contraception. It can be easily installed and is flexible. These devices are usually small in size and inserted through the cervix. IUDs reduce the need for abortion with unwanted pregnancies by preventing the effective movement of eggs and sperm. However, it cannot confirm the spread of STIs or STDs such as HIV, gonorrhoea, etc
Topics covered
Introduction
Advantages
Disadvantages
Development of intra uterine devices (IUDs)
Applications
References
CONTRACEPTION IUCD POWERPOINT
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India was the first country to launch a national family planning program in 1952. Contraception is needed as 21% of pregnancies are unintended and 40% of pregnancies overall are unintended. This can be addressed by meeting unmet contraceptive needs, which could avoid 55 million unwanted pregnancies, 22 million abortions, and 90,000 maternal deaths. Various contraceptive methods available include barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like pills and implants, and long acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs and injectables. The ideal contraceptive is safe, effective, free of side effects, easily obtainable, affordable, acceptable to users, and does not affect future fertility.
History of iucd.
The document provides a history of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) from ancient times to modern devices. It discusses the modes of action of copper and progesterone-releasing IUCDs including increasing leucocytes and interfering with gametes and implantation. The types of devices are described as well as their advantages like effectiveness and disadvantages like risks of infection or pregnancy. Common problems, causes of failure, and insertion procedures are also summarized.
Intrauterine devices
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small T-shaped plastic devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy for 12 years or more. There are two main types - copper IUDs last 10 years while hormonal IUDs release progestin and last 5 years. IUDs work by affecting sperm and egg movement and thickness of cervical mucus to prevent fertilization and implantation. They have few side effects and are over 99% effective while allowing for natural intercourse. Risks include heavier periods or cramps with copper IUDs and potential expulsion or perforation during insertion.
IUD (Intra Uterine Device)
An intrauterine device, also known as intrauterine contraceptive device or coil, is a small, often T-shaped birth control device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are one form of long-acting reversible birth control.
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The presentation explains in detail the physiology of contraception . More are available at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1QhJfPiWnmk2WpKVH1fzrQ
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The document discusses various contraceptive methods including natural methods, barrier methods, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and hormonal contraceptives. It provides details on different types of IUDs including 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation IUDs. It describes the mechanisms of action, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of natural family planning methods, barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, and IUDs. The document also discusses eligibility criteria and insertion techniques for IUDs.
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This chapter discusses various topics related to contraception and birth control, including:
- Unintended pregnancies are common in the US, and many occur due to lack of contraceptive use or inconsistent use.
- While historically seen as a woman's responsibility, both men and women now share responsibility for birth control.
- Adolescents are less likely than older individuals to use effective contraception such as condoms.
- Methods of birth control include contraception to prevent pregnancy as well as abortion. The most effective method is abstinence, while other options include hormonal methods, barrier methods, IUDs, and sterilization.
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Although unintended pregnancy rates in the United States have been static (approximately 51%) for many years, long-acting reversible contraception such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) and contraceptive implants may be reliable alternatives to prevent unwanted pregnancies and further lower unintended pregnancy rates. Join us to learn more about how long-acting reversible contraception may help you!
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4. Long term FP methods family planning use
Long-term family planning methods discussed in the document include implants, IUDs, and permanent methods. Implants are matchstick-sized rods or capsules placed under the skin that provide highly effective contraception for 3-5 years. IUDs are T-shaped devices placed in the uterus that are among the most effective reversible methods. Permanent methods involve sterilization procedures like bilateral tubal ligation for females or vasectomy for males that block the fallopian tubes or vas deferens, respectively, to provide lifelong contraceptive protection.
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This document discusses intrauterine devices (IUDs) as a form of contraception. It begins with an introduction to contraception and the anatomy of the uterus. It then discusses the history and development of IUDs, including early non-medicated IUDs made of materials like plastic and copper-bearing IUDs that enhance effectiveness. The document outlines the types of modern IUDs, including copper IUDs and hormone-releasing IUDs. It compares the efficacy of medicated versus non-medicated IUDs and discusses new developments in long-acting IUD designs.
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The document discusses intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs). It notes that two copper IUDs and one levonorgestrel-releasing IUD are currently available. IUDs are highly effective forms of reversible birth control, with failure rates of 1.26 and 0.09 per 100 women-years respectively for copper and levonorgestrel IUDs. Common side effects include irregular bleeding and cramping, which usually decrease over time. Risks include perforation, infection and expulsion.
8iud
The document summarizes information about the copper IUD, including:
- It is a small, flexible plastic device inserted into the womb that can provide effective contraception for up to 10 years.
- Side effects may include heavier or longer periods and more cramps, which usually improve after a few months.
- It is generally safe for most women to use but those who are pregnant, have recently given birth, have infections or certain medical conditions should not use or delay use.
Intrauterine drug delivery system
The device which is used in the intrauterine drug delivery system is known as an Intrauterine device (IUD) (2). IUDs or intrauterine devices are small artificial objects or devices inserted into the uterus to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy by disrupting the fertilization process as a result of sexual intercourse. They have gained popularity in recent times and are one of the most effective methods of birth control in terms of long-term contraception. It can be easily installed and is flexible. These devices are usually small in size and inserted through the cervix. IUDs reduce the need for abortion with unwanted pregnancies by preventing the effective movement of eggs and sperm. However, it cannot confirm the spread of STIs or STDs such as HIV, gonorrhoea, etc
Topics covered
Introduction
Advantages
Disadvantages
Development of intra uterine devices (IUDs)
Applications
References
CONTRACEPTION IUCD POWERPOINT
Powerpoint on intrauterine contraceptive devices for undergraduate learning/video link of method of insertion of copper iud,multiload,mirena
New Researches On Contraceptives,Iucd & Sterilisation, Mob: 7289915430, www....
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pradeep garg aiims new delhi, Mob: 7289915430, www.drpradeepgarg.com,
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India was the first country to launch a national family planning program in 1952. Contraception is needed as 21% of pregnancies are unintended and 40% of pregnancies overall are unintended. This can be addressed by meeting unmet contraceptive needs, which could avoid 55 million unwanted pregnancies, 22 million abortions, and 90,000 maternal deaths. Various contraceptive methods available include barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, hormonal methods like pills and implants, and long acting reversible contraceptives like IUDs and injectables. The ideal contraceptive is safe, effective, free of side effects, easily obtainable, affordable, acceptable to users, and does not affect future fertility.
History of iucd.
The document provides a history of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) from ancient times to modern devices. It discusses the modes of action of copper and progesterone-releasing IUCDs including increasing leucocytes and interfering with gametes and implantation. The types of devices are described as well as their advantages like effectiveness and disadvantages like risks of infection or pregnancy. Common problems, causes of failure, and insertion procedures are also summarized.
Intrauterine devices
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are small T-shaped plastic devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy for 12 years or more. There are two main types - copper IUDs last 10 years while hormonal IUDs release progestin and last 5 years. IUDs work by affecting sperm and egg movement and thickness of cervical mucus to prevent fertilization and implantation. They have few side effects and are over 99% effective while allowing for natural intercourse. Risks include heavier periods or cramps with copper IUDs and potential expulsion or perforation during insertion.
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An intrauterine device, also known as intrauterine contraceptive device or coil, is a small, often T-shaped birth control device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are one form of long-acting reversible birth control.
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The presentation explains in detail the physiology of contraception . More are available at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1QhJfPiWnmk2WpKVH1fzrQ
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The document discusses various contraceptive methods including natural methods, barrier methods, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and hormonal contraceptives. It provides details on different types of IUDs including 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation IUDs. It describes the mechanisms of action, effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of natural family planning methods, barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, and IUDs. The document also discusses eligibility criteria and insertion techniques for IUDs.
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This chapter discusses various topics related to contraception and birth control, including:
- Unintended pregnancies are common in the US, and many occur due to lack of contraceptive use or inconsistent use.
- While historically seen as a woman's responsibility, both men and women now share responsibility for birth control.
- Adolescents are less likely than older individuals to use effective contraception such as condoms.
- Methods of birth control include contraception to prevent pregnancy as well as abortion. The most effective method is abstinence, while other options include hormonal methods, barrier methods, IUDs, and sterilization.
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For a CME on "RECENT ADVANCES IN CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS" in SEPT 2015 at Seth G.S.M.C & KEMH, PAREL, MUMBAI,
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Although unintended pregnancy rates in the United States have been static (approximately 51%) for many years, long-acting reversible contraception such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) and contraceptive implants may be reliable alternatives to prevent unwanted pregnancies and further lower unintended pregnancy rates. Join us to learn more about how long-acting reversible contraception may help you!
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This document summarizes sterilization procedures for both males and females. It defines sterilization as a medical procedure that makes a person unable to reproduce. The main types of sterilization discussed are vasectomy for males, which involves removing a piece of the vas deferens, and tubectomy for females, which involves blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes. The advantages of sterilization include it being a permanent form of birth control, while the disadvantages include risks of infection, pain, and psychological effects. Guidelines for sterilization in India are also outlined, and it is noted that sterilization remains very common in India due to social and cultural factors favoring female over male sterilization procedures.
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This document discusses permanent methods of family planning or sterilization. It describes vasectomy and tubal ligation procedures. For males, vasectomy can be done via standard or non-scalpel methods involving cutting or clamping the vas deferens. For females, tubal ligation techniques include partial salpingectomy, clips, or electrocautery applied via laparoscopy, laparotomy, or minilaparotomy. Both methods are effective permanent contraception with minimal risks but require counseling on benefits and limitations.
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This document summarizes various contraceptive implant methods. It describes the types of contraceptive implants including Norplant, Jadelle, Sino-implant, Implanon and Nexplanon. It explains that the implants work by releasing progestin hormones like levonorgestrel or etonogestrel over a period of years. The document discusses the mechanisms of action, effectiveness rates and side effects of the implant methods. It also covers insertion and removal procedures as well as advantages and disadvantages of contraceptive implants.
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Long-term family planning methods discussed in the document include implants, IUDs, and permanent methods. Implants are matchstick-sized rods or capsules placed under the skin that provide highly effective contraception for 3-5 years. IUDs are T-shaped devices placed in the uterus that are among the most effective reversible methods. Permanent methods involve sterilization procedures like bilateral tubal ligation for females or vasectomy for males that block the fallopian tubes or vas deferens, respectively, to provide lifelong contraceptive protection.
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This document discusses intrauterine devices (IUDs) as a form of contraception. It begins with an introduction to contraception and the anatomy of the uterus. It then discusses the history and development of IUDs, including early non-medicated IUDs made of materials like plastic and copper-bearing IUDs that enhance effectiveness. The document outlines the types of modern IUDs, including copper IUDs and hormone-releasing IUDs. It compares the efficacy of medicated versus non-medicated IUDs and discusses new developments in long-acting IUD designs.
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Abortions account for approximately 8% of maternal mortality in India. The document discusses the need to provide post-abortion family planning counseling and methods to prevent future unintended pregnancies. It provides guidance on the timing of initiating various contraceptive methods after abortion, including IUDs, oral contraceptives, injections and sterilization. Initiating long-acting reversible contraceptives immediately after first-trimester abortions is recommended, as it is highly effective and does not require user compliance. Proper counseling and provision of contraceptive methods can help reduce unintended pregnancies and complications from abortions.
LONG ACTING REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTIVES (LARC).pptx
Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) provide effective birth control for several years through implants or intrauterine devices (IUDs). Implants are small rods placed under the skin that release progestin hormones, while IUDs are T-shaped devices placed in the uterus. Both methods are over 99% effective, safe for nearly all women, and can be used immediately after childbirth or abortion. Common types include implants like Implanon that last 3 years and copper IUDs like Paragard that are effective for 10-12 years. LARCs offer highly effective, long-term pregnancy prevention with few user responsibilities.
intrauterinedrugdevices IUDs or intrauterine devices
This document discusses intrauterine devices (IUDs) including their history, types, and development. It begins with an introduction to IUDs and describes early metal devices from the 1920s. It then covers the development of plastic IUDs and modern medicated IUDs like the Copper-T, which releases copper ions for contraception. The document discusses the advantages of IUDs with copper or hormone release over non-medicated devices and covers different designs that were developed to improve efficacy and reduce side effects. In summary, the document traces the history and evolution of IUD technology from early metal devices to modern drug-releasing IUDs.
IntraUterine System (IUS) or IntraUterine Drug Delivery System (IUDDS)
This document discusses intrauterine devices (IUDs) including their history, types, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes the development of medicated IUDs including copper-bearing and hormone-releasing IUDs. Comparative efficacy data is presented showing progesterone-releasing IUDs are associated with less bleeding and cramping than copper IUDs. Newer IUD designs aim to provide long-acting contraception through controlled drug release over extended periods.
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Newer techniques of sterilization & contraception ,injectable contraceptives...
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Copper T & DMPA
- 1. Cu-T 1) Cu T-200 B: 215 sq mm of Cu wire,contains 124 mg of Cu,Cu lost @ 50 ug/24 hrs,to be removed after 4 yrs. 2) Cu T 200 :carries 200sq.mm Cu wire,containing 120 mg Cu,to be removed after 3 yrs. 3) Cu T 380 A: 380 sq. mm Cu wire,314 sq.mm around the stem and 33 sq.mm on each horizontal sleeve 4) Multiload Cu 250: to be replaced every 3 yrs 5) Multiload 375: 375 sq.mm Cu wire around its vertical stem,to be replaced every 5 yrs Time of insertion: a)Interval – preferably 2-3 daysafter period is over,effectively upto 10 days post period,anytime during lactational amenorrhoea. b)Postabortal: Immediately foll. Termination of pregnancy by S&E/D&E.Addl. advantage of preventing uterine synaechiae. c)Postpartum: Insertion can be done before discharging pts. from hospital.Because of high rate of expulsion,it is preferable to withhold insertion for 6 weeks when the uterus will be involuted to near normal size. d)Postplacental delivery:Insertion immediately foll. delivery of the placenta could be done,but the expulsion rate is high. Complications: Immediate: Cramp like pain Syncopal attack Partial or complete perfor;ation Remote: Pain
- 2. Abnormal menstrual bleeding Pelvic infection Spontaneous expulsion Perforation of the uterus Pregnancy Indications for removal: .Persistent excessive regular or irregular Flaring up of salpingitis Perforation of the uterus Partial expulsion of the IUD Pregnancy occurring with the device in-situ Woman desirous of a baby Missing thread One year after menopause When effective lifespan of the device is over Advantages of IUD: Inexpensive & reversible Simplicity in techniques of insertion and most cost effective Prolonged contraceptive protection after insertion (5-10yrs) and suitable for rural population of developing countries Suitable for hypertensives,breastfeeding women and epileptics Reversibility to fertility is prompt after removal. Disadvantages of IUD: Requires motivation Limitation in its use PID,pelvic pain,heavy periods Risk of ectopic pregnancy
- 3. DMPA -i.m. administration in either deltoid or gluteus -150mg every 3 months or 300mg every 6 months Depo-Sub Q provera 104 contains 104 mg of DMPA,given s.c. over ant. Thigh or abdomen,suppresses ovulation for 3 months. Advantages: 1.eliminates regular medication eg.OCPs 2.can be used safely during lactation 3.no oestrogen related side effects 4.Menorrhagia,dysmenorrhea reduced. 5.Protective against endometrial cancer 6. Can be used as interim contraception before vasectomy becomes effective 7.reduction in PID,endometriosis,ectopic pregnancy,ovarian cancer 8.non contraceptive benefits- salpingitis, endometrial cancer, iron def. anaemia, sickle cell problems,endometriosis Disadvantages: Failure rate for DMPA –(0-0.3)HWY Chance of irregular bleeding and occasional phase of amenorrhoea Return of fertility after discontinuation is usually delayed for several months Loss of Bone Mineral Density with long term use of Depo-provera Weight gain Headache Contraindications: Women with high risk factors for Osteoporosis