Copper oxychloride 50% WP/WDG is a broad-spectrum contact fungicide used to control various fungal diseases in many crops. It works by inhibiting fungal enzyme activity through interaction with protein and disrupting enzyme systems. It is recommended for use on grapes, mangoes, citrus, chillies, betel, bananas, coffee, potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, and coconuts to control diseases like downy mildew, anthracnose, leaf spot, fruit rot, rust, and blight. The recommended application rate varies from 1.25-5.5% depending on the crop and disease. It provides protective action and has a waiting period of 10-30 days

1. COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 50% WP/WDG

2. What is fungicides:
 The word fungicide originated from two latin words, viz., fungus and caedo. The word caedo
means to kill.
 Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or
their spores. A fungistatic inhibits their growth.
 Fungicides are broadly classified into three categories, namely, contact, translaminar and
systemic.
 Contact fungicide, as the name suggests, is not distributed throughout all the plant tissues and just
protects only the parts of the plants on which it is deposited while spraying.
 Translaminar fungicides redistribute themselves from the upper part of the plant where they are
sprayed to the lower unsprayed part of the plant.
 Systemic fungicides are the most effective ones as they redistribute themselves to the vessels of
the plant. Thus some fungicides are locally systemic, some spread throughout the plant tissues and
some just stay on the surface on which they are sprayed.

3.  History
 It has universally been accepted that fungicides have become indispensable for protecting crops and plants from
damage and destruction that is caused by fungi.
 Copper based fungicides were among the first crop protection chemicals to be used and are still used very
extensively.
 Copper sulfate (CuSO4) was the first chemical to be used as seed treatment to control the bunt of wheat. Although
CuSO4, is an excellent fungicide in its own right but it is little used on plant foliage because of its high degree of
phytotoxicity.
 Then the Bordeaux mixture became the most popular fungicide to control downy mildew of grapes and several other
plant diseases.
 The development of fixed or "insoluble" copper compounds, which are generally considered to be less phytotoxic
than Bordeaux mixture, began about 1930 and was undoubtedly accelerated by constant evidence showing that
various crops were injured more than previously realized by the application of Bordeaux mixture.
 The most important and widely used fixed copper compound is copper oxychloride: (CuCl)2•[Cu(OH)2]3 which is
also called basic cupric chloride, generally recommended for control of a variety of vegetable diseases. It is toxic to
the fungi and non toxic to host plants and has low mammalian toxicity.
 It is also used as fungicidal pigment in paints and as wood preservative when incorporated in concrete used for
flooring. It destroys fungi, molds and bacteria and is used to draw away cockroaches, especially in warm humid
countries where these organisms as well as insects are troublesome.

4.  Formulation and Active ingredients
 Mode of action
 It is a broad-spectrum contact fungicide with protective action.
 Copper because of its strong bonding affinity to amino acids and carboxyl groups, reacts with
protein and acts as an enzyme inhibitor in target organisms.
 Copper kills spores by combining with sulphahydral groups of certain enzymes.
 Spores actively accumulate copper and thus germination of spores is inhibited, even at lower
concentrations.
 Absorbed copper disrupts the enzyme systems of pathogens. Multi-site activity.
Sr.no Formulation Active ingredients
1. Wettable Powder 50%
2. Paste 40%
3. DP 5%
4. Water-dispersible Granules 50%
5. OP 56%
Chemical Formula : (CuCl)2•[Cu(OH)2]3

5.  Production Technology COPPER OXYCHLORIDE
1. Mixture of HCL and NACL method
• Copper reacts with chloride (from NaCl solution) to form insoluble cuprous chloride (CuCI) which is highly soluble in
hydrochloric acid.
Cu + Cl CuCl
• Cuprous chloride, when aerated in acidic conditions, forms cupric chloride (CuCl₂).
4CuCl + 4HCl + O2 4CuCl2 + 2H2O
• Simultaneously hydrochloric acid acts on copper in the presence of oxygen in air and copper gradually dissolves according to
the equation.
2Cu + 4 HCl + O2 2CuCl2 + 2H2O
• Dark green acidic solution of cupric chloride formed as a result of aeration, when neutralized with sodium hydroxide (NaOH),
produces copper oxychloride.
4CuCl2 + 6NaOH CuCl23[Cu(OH)2] + 6NaCl
2. HCL method
• Hydrochloric acid acted on copper in presence of oxygen and copper gradually dissolved according to the equation.
2Cu + 4HCl + O2 2CuCl2 + 2H2O
• Cupric chloride (CuCl) so formed, when neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution produces copper oxychloride
4CuCl2 + 6NaOH CuCl23[Cu(OH)2] + 6NaCl
Muhammad ishaque quimkhan et al.

6.  Chemical and compound
1. TATA BLITOX 50 W (copper oxychloride 50 % wp)
Compound:
 Copper Oxychloride Tech. (Based On 57% W/W A.I.): 87.7%
W/W
 Wetting Agent (Na- Salt Of Alkyl Aryl Sulphonate): 2.0% W/W
 Dispersing Agent (Na-Salt Of Phenol Sulphonic Acid
Condensate): 2.0% W/W
 Glue: 2.3% W/W
 Lavigated Clay: 6.0% W/W

7. 2. Blue Copper Crystal Crop Protection
Compound:
 Copper Oxychloride Technical (Based On 57% Cu Content)
87.80% W/W
 Suspending Agent: Carboxy Methyl
Cellulose 2.00% W/W
• Dispensing Agent Alkyl Napthy
Sulphonate Type 2.00% W/W
Wetting Agent Akyl Aryl
• Sulphonate Type 3.00 % W/W
• China Clay 5.20% W/W

8. 3. Dhanucop 50% WP
Compound:
 Copper Oxycloride Technical 85 % W/W
(Containing 50% Copper Content)
 Wetting Agent 2.0 % W/W
 Dispersing Agent 2.0 % W/W
 Sticking Agent 3.0 % W/W
 China Clay 10 % W/W

9. 4. Blue Copper Syngenta
Compound:
 Copper Oxychloride 88.0 % W/W
(Equivalent To 50% W/W
Copper As Cu)
 Other Ingredients 12 % W/W

10. 5. Iffco Gozaru (Copper
Oxychloride 50% WP)
6. Cuprina (PI Ind.)
7. Devicopper (Devidayal)
8. Copper-S (Safex)
9. Trucop (Indofil)
10. Crop Cap (NACL)
11. Blue-Vit (Kilpest)
12. Tagcop (Tropical)
13. SuCopper (SuperCSL)
14. Blyton (Crystal)
15. Hilcopper (HIL)
16. Beltox 50 WP (Yesell)
17. Copter (Canary)
18. Riva & Gold Copper-50 (CCIL)
19. Acmecop WP (ACME)
20. Blutoxx (Shivalik)

11. Recommended concentration of fungicides
1. Copper Oxychloride 50% WG
Crop Common Common name
of the disease
a. i (g) Formulation
(g/ml)/%
(Dosage per ha)
Dilution in water
(L)
(Dosage per ha)
Waiting period
from last
application to
harvest (in days)
Grape Downy mildew 0.12% 0.24% As required
depending upon
PP equipment
used
30
Mango Anthracnose 0.12% 0.24% As required
depending upon
PP equipment
used
10

12. 2. Copper oxychloride 50% WP
Crop Common Common name of the
disease
a. i. (g) Formulation
(g/ml)/%(Dosage per
ha)
Dilution in water
(L)(Dosage per ha)
Waiting period from
last application to
harvest (in days)
Citrus Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Canker 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Chillies Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Fruit rot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Betel Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Fruit rot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Banana Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Fruit rot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Coffee Black rot 1.87-3.75 % 3.75-5.5 % 750-1000 -
Rust 1.87-3.75 % 3.75-5.5 % 750-1000 -
Potato Early blight 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Late blight 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Tobbaco Downy mildew 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Black sank 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Frog eye leaf 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Tomato Early blight 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Late blight 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Leaf spot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Grape Downy mildew 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Coconut Bud rot 1.25 % 2.5 % 750-1000 -
Cardamom Clump rot 3.75-5.5 % 750-1000 -

13.  Controls the following disease
Angular leaf spot Anthracnose Anthracnose husk rot
Ascochyta blight in pea Bacterial blight Cercospora leaf spot in bananaa

14. Early blight
Scab in apple Rust
Leaf spot Phytophthora root rot Septoria leaf spot