This document provides an overview of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It discusses the pathophysiology and types of COPD, which include chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The major causes of COPD are smoking, air pollution, dusts, and genetic disorders. Diagnosis involves pulmonary function tests, blood gas analysis, chest x-rays and ECGs. Treatment focuses on quitting smoking, supplemental oxygen, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics and vaccines.

1. COPD
CHRONIC
OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY
DISEASE
ALOK HRIDAY MISHRA
7 A1

2. TOPICS TO COVER
• INTRODUCTION
• PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TYPES
• CAUSES
• DIAGNOSIS
• TREATMENT

3. INTRODUCTION
• COPD or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
It’s a group of diseases that causes difficulty breathing
namely:
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS (damage of airway)
EMPHYSEMA (damage of alveloar integrity)
note:- also sometime chronic asthma
It should be taken in account that the patient can even have
both the disease all together
It is one of the most leading cause in immerging nation world
wide. And account for about 5% death in the world.

5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND
TYPES
• CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

9. EMPHYSEMA

10. Types of emphysema:-

13. CAUSES & RISK FACTORS
• SMOKING (>90%) (ACITVE AND PASSIVE)
• AIR POLLUTION
• SMOKE
• POSTSURGICAL COMPLICATION
• SILICA DUST
• LUNG INFECTIONS
• GENETIC DISORDER:-ALPHA 1 ANTITRYPSIN DEF.
• ACCELERATED AGING

14. DIAGNOSIS1. PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST:-
(FEV) FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN 1 Sec
(FVC) FORCED VITAL CAPACITY
( FEV/FVC < 75% )
2. PULSE OXIMETRY :- O2 SAT <88
3. ABG :-
HYPERCAPNIA
HYPOXEMIA
RESIRATORY ACIDOSIS
4. ECG TO EXCLUDE ANY HEART ABNORMALITY
5. CXR
FINDINGS:-
INCREASED OPACITY SHOWING IN BRONCHIAL TREE
PULMONARY HYPERTENSION CAN BE SEEN AS DIFFUSED TYPE OPACITY
PATTER AND CAN MIMICK ARDS
FLAT DIAPHRAGM

17. TREATMENT
1. Quit smoking
2. Get flu shots
3. Supplement O2 if
(pO2 <55mmHg, or saturation <88)
level of O2 must not be increased above 92
4. Bronchodilator :- by MDI or nebulizer
ipratropium
Albuterol
salmetorol
5. Corticosteroid
6. Antibiotic (macrolide)

18. THAT’S ALL