This document summarizes a case study on controlling diabetes through phytomedicine. A 60-year old female was diagnosed with diabetes with a blood sugar level of 350 mg/dL. Treatment with metformin resulted in nausea and stomach ache. Treatment with Unani herbs including ginger, neem, centella asiatica, withania somnifera, momordica charantia, and murraya koenigii over 3 months reduced blood sugar levels and symptoms without side effects. The case study concluded that phytomedicine provided effective control of blood sugar and fewer side effects than allopathic medicines.
Obesity and hyperlipidemia is international /worldwide problem causing heart disease leading to major predisposing factor for morbidity and death. Conventional medicine used in allopathy include statins, fibrates, niacin and resins but are going to defame due to their adverse effects. Herbal medicine ginger has proved itself as one of the potent anti hyperlipidemic and anti obesity herb with least adverse effects. We did try to compare its hypolipidemic effects with placebo effects when used in mild to moderate hyperlipidemic patients. It was placebo-controlled single blind research study. Research was conducted at National hospital, Lahore, from July to November 2016. Consent was taken from sixty hyperlipidemic patients age range from 25 to 60 years. Both gender male and female patients were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided in two groups, 30 patients were on drug ginger pasted-powder advised to take 5 grams in divided doses with their normal diet for the period of three months. Thirty patients were on placebo pasted-wheat powder, with same color as of ginger powder, advised to take 5 grams in divided doses with their normal diet for the period of three months. Their base line lipid profile and body weight was recorded at start of treatment and were advised to come for check-up, fortnightly.
International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review Vol 03, Issue 02,April – 2020 Page |
229
When duration of study was over, their lipid profile and body weight was measured and compared statistically with pre-treatment values. Three months treatment with 5 grams of ginger decreased total cholesterol from 233.11±1.53 mg/dl to 198.44±1.23 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol reduced from 202.21±1.88 mg/dl to 187.72± 1.98 mg/dl, reduced body weight from 76.01±2.66 kg to 72.80±1.87 kg. Both plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol reduction was statistically significant, but body weight decrease was non-significant when analyzed biostatistically.
Management of Insulin Resistance through Ayurveda A Case Studyijtsrd
Insulin resistance is developed when cells does not respond to insulin hormone leading to increased blood sugar levels. In Insulin resistance state have impaired glucose metabolism. Insulin resistance is a syndrome leading to a group of diseases like high cholesterol, high blood sugar level, high blood pressure, PCOS, non alcoholic fatty liver disease. The primary cause of insulin resistance is unknown but some theory suggests that obesity is the main cause of increased insulin resistance. Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with high blood pressure, dyslipidemia this is due to insulin resistance. And due to high blood pressure and uncontrolled blood sugar levels people will land up in cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease. The prevalence rate of insulin resistance was 15.5 to 46.5 .To diagnose insulin resistance fasting serum insulin test, glucose tolerance testing, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, double waist size to there respective height is the commonest technique to check insulin resistance. This present article deals with known case of obesity with serum fasting insulin raised posted for Virechanaafter Virechanaserum fasting insulin reduced and also reduced weight In this patient main culprit is the sedentary lifestyle, obesity which is cause of insulin resistance, Farida Begum Shaikh | Shwetambari "Management of Insulin Resistance through Ayurveda: A Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49428.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/49428/management-of-insulin-resistance-through-ayurveda-a-case-study/farida-begum-shaikh
פירוט הרכיבים הטבעיים שנמצאים ב Cane תוסף תזונה טבעי המסייע לחולי סוכרת להגיע לאיזון ברמות הסוכר שלהם. Cane הוא תוסף תזונה מבית קיורהלייף, חברה הדואגת לאיכות חייהם של החולים במחלות כרוניות.
http://www.cane-curalife.com/
A Little Bit of Everything, Quick & Snappy: Probiotics to Advances in the Car...PASaskatchewan
As pharmacists, you are rarely faced with a consistent patient population with similar problems and questions. More likely, each patient you interact with has unique and varied concerns that you must be ready to address in an instant. This session reflects the diversity of patients a pharmacist will face in day-to-day practice and covers a range of topics in a quick and snappy format. This session will cover the evidence as it relates to concurrent probiotic and antibiotic use, second line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes, and explore new utilization strategies of using drugs traditionally used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes for patients with type 1 diabetes.
Obesity and hyperlipidemia is international /worldwide problem causing heart disease leading to major predisposing factor for morbidity and death. Conventional medicine used in allopathy include statins, fibrates, niacin and resins but are going to defame due to their adverse effects. Herbal medicine ginger has proved itself as one of the potent anti hyperlipidemic and anti obesity herb with least adverse effects. We did try to compare its hypolipidemic effects with placebo effects when used in mild to moderate hyperlipidemic patients. It was placebo-controlled single blind research study. Research was conducted at National hospital, Lahore, from July to November 2016. Consent was taken from sixty hyperlipidemic patients age range from 25 to 60 years. Both gender male and female patients were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided in two groups, 30 patients were on drug ginger pasted-powder advised to take 5 grams in divided doses with their normal diet for the period of three months. Thirty patients were on placebo pasted-wheat powder, with same color as of ginger powder, advised to take 5 grams in divided doses with their normal diet for the period of three months. Their base line lipid profile and body weight was recorded at start of treatment and were advised to come for check-up, fortnightly.
International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review Vol 03, Issue 02,April – 2020 Page |
229
When duration of study was over, their lipid profile and body weight was measured and compared statistically with pre-treatment values. Three months treatment with 5 grams of ginger decreased total cholesterol from 233.11±1.53 mg/dl to 198.44±1.23 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol reduced from 202.21±1.88 mg/dl to 187.72± 1.98 mg/dl, reduced body weight from 76.01±2.66 kg to 72.80±1.87 kg. Both plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol reduction was statistically significant, but body weight decrease was non-significant when analyzed biostatistically.
Management of Insulin Resistance through Ayurveda A Case Studyijtsrd
Insulin resistance is developed when cells does not respond to insulin hormone leading to increased blood sugar levels. In Insulin resistance state have impaired glucose metabolism. Insulin resistance is a syndrome leading to a group of diseases like high cholesterol, high blood sugar level, high blood pressure, PCOS, non alcoholic fatty liver disease. The primary cause of insulin resistance is unknown but some theory suggests that obesity is the main cause of increased insulin resistance. Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with high blood pressure, dyslipidemia this is due to insulin resistance. And due to high blood pressure and uncontrolled blood sugar levels people will land up in cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease. The prevalence rate of insulin resistance was 15.5 to 46.5 .To diagnose insulin resistance fasting serum insulin test, glucose tolerance testing, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, double waist size to there respective height is the commonest technique to check insulin resistance. This present article deals with known case of obesity with serum fasting insulin raised posted for Virechanaafter Virechanaserum fasting insulin reduced and also reduced weight In this patient main culprit is the sedentary lifestyle, obesity which is cause of insulin resistance, Farida Begum Shaikh | Shwetambari "Management of Insulin Resistance through Ayurveda: A Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49428.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/49428/management-of-insulin-resistance-through-ayurveda-a-case-study/farida-begum-shaikh
פירוט הרכיבים הטבעיים שנמצאים ב Cane תוסף תזונה טבעי המסייע לחולי סוכרת להגיע לאיזון ברמות הסוכר שלהם. Cane הוא תוסף תזונה מבית קיורהלייף, חברה הדואגת לאיכות חייהם של החולים במחלות כרוניות.
http://www.cane-curalife.com/
A Little Bit of Everything, Quick & Snappy: Probiotics to Advances in the Car...PASaskatchewan
As pharmacists, you are rarely faced with a consistent patient population with similar problems and questions. More likely, each patient you interact with has unique and varied concerns that you must be ready to address in an instant. This session reflects the diversity of patients a pharmacist will face in day-to-day practice and covers a range of topics in a quick and snappy format. This session will cover the evidence as it relates to concurrent probiotic and antibiotic use, second line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes, and explore new utilization strategies of using drugs traditionally used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes for patients with type 1 diabetes.
Management of Amlapittta through Nityanulomana A Case Studyijtsrd
In this modern era there has been unprecedented increase of incidences related to GI system due to marked change in lifestyle. Diet pattern, behavioral pattern and mental stress and strain. These multiple factors leads to a condition known as Amlapitta. Symptoms of Amlapitta as explained in Ayurveda are nearer clinical entity with symptoms of hyperacidity, Gastro Intestinal disorder mentioned in Modern Science. Amlapitta is one of the common problems of Annavahasrotas caused due to Mandagni and vitiation of Pachakapitta. Increase in ama and dravaguna of pachaka pitta gives rise to Amlapitta with symptoms as amla tikta udagara, hrut kanthadaha, aruchi, avipaka, klama etc, Here an effort is made to know the efficacy of Avipattikara Churna in Amlapitta. Dr. Priyanka S R | Dr. Suresh N Hakkandi | Dr. Manjunath Akki | Dr. Guru Mahantesh T M "Management of Amlapittta through Nityanulomana: A Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51973.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/51973/management-of-amlapittta-through-nityanulomana-a-case-study/dr-priyanka-s-r
Diagnosis of diabetes using classification mining techniques [IJDKP
Diabetes has affected over 246 million people worldwide with a majority of them being women. According to the WHO report, by 2025 this number is expected to rise to over 380 million. The disease has been named the fifth deadliest disease in the United States with no imminent cure in sight. With the rise of information technology and its continued advent into the medical and healthcare sector, the cases of diabetes as well as their symptoms are well documented. This paper aims at finding solutions to diagnose the disease by analyzing the patterns found in the data through classification analysis by employing
Decision Tree and Naïve Bayes algorithms. The research hopes to propose a quicker and more efficient technique of diagnosing the disease, leading to timely treatment of the patients.
This is mainly made in the topic of Ashwagandha Antidiabetic effects....This is my final year project Power point slides presentation of 8th semester in bachelor of pharmaceutical technology....
I reffer this topic because there are various medicinal herbs which are showing hypoglycemic effect.. But withaferin is one of the most potent chemical constituent.. Not only hypoglycemic action it also having antimicrobial and antineoplastic/anticancer activity. So now a days withaferin is most choisable research interest in modern phytochemical study.
Name - Debraj Chakraborty (B.Pharm)
College - Eminent College of pharmaceutical technology
Semester - 8th
Session - 2018 - 2022
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
This Journal publishes original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in pharmacy.
Evaluation of the Acute Effect of Daru Haridradi Kashaya in the Management of...ijtsrd
Diabetes mellitus is a category of metabolic disorders that are characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from insulin synthesis defects, insulin activity, or both. It is correlated with “Madhumeha” describe under the Prameharoga in Ayurveda. This scientific study has been conducted to evaluate the acute effect of Daruharidradikashaya. Daruharidra, Harithaki, Vibhitaki, Amalaki, Mustha and Devadara are ingredients of it.In clinical study ten were selected and given instruction for same diet, lifestyle and antidiabetic drugs for two weeks and specially advised to have same dinner enriched with fiber and protein before the blood test. Then kept fasting for 10 hours. After first week 120ml of Daruharidradi Kashayawas given to the patient while blood drawing for Fasting Blood Sugar FBS test. Then Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT was done. In their second visit 120ml of Luke warm water was given on behalf of the drug and repeated same procedure. FBS and OGTT levels were separately measured and average levels are considered.Also a non parametric test called “Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test” was applied for testing the difference between two dependent samples. Since p values are not less than 0.05, efficacy of the Daruharidradi Kashaya has not been shown statistically significance at 5 percent significant level for all the periods of times. The effectiveness of the drug has not been statistically significant for the remaining periods of times. So it can be concluded that the acute action of Daruharidradi Kashayais not effective for reduce blood glucose level for the remaining period of times. Daruharidradi Kashaya has chronic effectiveness for Diabetes mellitus. So there may be some issues with the acute effect of it. Therefore, for a perfect conclusion, the study sample should be expand under more numbers of patients and the study setting should be IPD inward patient department of the hospital. There is an open field for new researchers to increase this study sample and repeat this procedure. T. K. G. Punchihewa | R. V. Ekneligoda | P. P. Uyanege "Evaluation of the Acute Effect of Daru Haridradi Kashaya in the Management of Blood Glucose Level in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 – A Pilot Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38604.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/pathology/38604/evaluation-of-the-acute-effect-of-daru-haridradi-kashaya-in-the-management-of-blood-glucose-level-in-diabetes-mellitus-type-2-–-a-pilot-study/t-k-g-punchihewa
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT Samantha M. TallarineCapella Univ.docxkarlhennesey
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Samantha M. Tallarine
Capella University
BSN-FP4016
1
AGENDA
The presentation covers:
Identification of the disease
Identification of three most commonly used drugs
Types of actions, side effects and indications of the medications
Description of the treatment regime
Impact of the treatment regime on patients
How nurses should monitor clients and
Controversies associated with the medication
The presentation will focus on the issues identified. Addressing the issues provides an opportunity to identify and evaluate the selected disease in order to understand the issues affecting the patients, healthcare professional and the healthcare industry as a whole.
2
IDENTIFICATION OF THE DESEASE
The identified disease is:
Type 2 Diabetes
It’s a health condition that affects:
The body’s ability to process sugar
Mostly common for nurses among
High risk population such as those who are obese or overweight
The disease identified for the assignment is Type 2 diabetes. The disease is a health condition resulting from the inability of the body to process sugar. Even though screening is recommended for those who are 45 years and older, those who are under the age of 45 and are overweight are recommended to go for screening to determine if one is exposed to the condition and if so, the type of the condition, whether type 1 or type 2, (Fuchsberger et al., 2016).
Image sourced from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317769.php
3
DRUGS MOST OFTEN USED
Metformin (Glumetza , Glucophage, among others)
Generally the first prescription for the condition
Sulfonylureas
Helps the body to produce more insulin
Meglitinides
Stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin
Metformin works by lowering the production of glucose in the liver thus improving the sensitivity of the body to insulin which improves its efficient use in the body. Sulfonylureas work by helping the body to produce more insulin thus meeting the body needs efficiently. Meglitinides also work by stimulating the production of insulin from the pancreas thus meeting the deficit by the body.
4
TYPES OF ACTIONS, SIDE EFFECTS, INDICATIONS, AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
Metformin (Glumetza , Glucophage, among others)
Possible side effects include:
Nausea and diarrhea
Sulfonylureas
Possible side effects include:
Low blood sugar and
Weight gain
The side effects of Metformin include nausea and diarrhea. The side effects disappear after the body of the patient gets used to the medication or when the medication is taken alongside a meal. Other oral medications can also be administered alongside the drug to promote positive outcomes as argued by Borries et al. (2019). The side effects of Sulfonylureas include experiences low blood sugar among the patients using the medication.
5
CONTINUATION…
Meglitinides
Faster acting medication
Thus shorted duration and effect on the body
Side effects include:
Low blood pressure and
Weight gain
The drug ...
2014 Report: Medicines in Development for DiabetesPhRMA
Nearly 26 million Americans are affected by diabetes—including 7 million people who are unaware they have the disease. One of the top 10 causes of death in the United States, diabetes has far-reaching implications for patients and their families and our health care system.
Biopharmaceutical Research Companies Are Developing 180 Medicines to Treat Diabetes and Related Conditions.
This Presentation Prepared from IDF-DAR,BMJ,ADA & Other guidelines.It will cover to solve problems faced by the physicians during management of DM in the Holy Month of Ramadan specially monitoring of blood glucose,Drug doses,dietary and exercise advice etc.
MY PRESENTATION @ CSIR NEIST SRTP ON - STRENGTHENING THE HEALTHY LIFESTYLE TH...Ram Kanth
This is my presentation at CSIR NEIST SRTP. Had a wonderful interaction with a good number of the audience around 325 +. It a great and memorable presentation of mine.
Yoga therapy: the key to maximum wellnessRajeev Roy
This is my journey of being diagnosed with a chronic disease in 2007 to complete recovery in 2013 through Yoga Therapy. I am sharing this so that everyone dealing with a chronic disease can have access to sure-shot cure if they are willing to attend two weeks of therapy followed by a regime of regular Yoga practices.
Background: Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into the surrounding tissue. Changes to DNA cause cancer. It is one of the most common and largest killer diseases in the world. It usually affects physically, and the disease can alter one’s perspective on life and personality. Many treatment options are there to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy treatment may have more side effects like lethargy, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, Fatigue, and insomnia, the most common problems among chemotherapy patients in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample size of 60, out of which 30 subjects were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. A convenient sampling method was used to select the subjects. A structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data. Result: The result of the study showed that, during pre-test in the study group, among 30 subjects 3(10%) had moderate Fatigue, 22(73.33%) had severe Fatigue, 5(16.67%) had worst Fatigue and 12(40%) had moderate insomnia, 18(60%) had severe insomnia and in control group among 30 subjects, 6(20%) had moderate Fatigue, 13(43.33%) had severe Fatigue, 11(36.67%) had a worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. With post-test, in experimental group, 14(46.67%) had no fatigue, 16(53.33%) had mild fatigue, 14(46.67%) had no insomnia, 16(53.33%) had mild insomnia, and in control group, 6(20%) had moderate fatigue, 13(43.33%) had extreme fatigue, 11(36.67%) had worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. Conclusion: The study concluded that clients who were receiving chemotherapy had fatigue and insomnia problems. The Warm water foot bath therapy is very effective in clients undergoing chemotherapy in reducing Fatigue and insomnia. A positive correlation between pre-test and post-test was found by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Key-words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Foot bath, Health, Warm water
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
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Management of Amlapittta through Nityanulomana A Case Studyijtsrd
In this modern era there has been unprecedented increase of incidences related to GI system due to marked change in lifestyle. Diet pattern, behavioral pattern and mental stress and strain. These multiple factors leads to a condition known as Amlapitta. Symptoms of Amlapitta as explained in Ayurveda are nearer clinical entity with symptoms of hyperacidity, Gastro Intestinal disorder mentioned in Modern Science. Amlapitta is one of the common problems of Annavahasrotas caused due to Mandagni and vitiation of Pachakapitta. Increase in ama and dravaguna of pachaka pitta gives rise to Amlapitta with symptoms as amla tikta udagara, hrut kanthadaha, aruchi, avipaka, klama etc, Here an effort is made to know the efficacy of Avipattikara Churna in Amlapitta. Dr. Priyanka S R | Dr. Suresh N Hakkandi | Dr. Manjunath Akki | Dr. Guru Mahantesh T M "Management of Amlapittta through Nityanulomana: A Case Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51973.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/51973/management-of-amlapittta-through-nityanulomana-a-case-study/dr-priyanka-s-r
Diagnosis of diabetes using classification mining techniques [IJDKP
Diabetes has affected over 246 million people worldwide with a majority of them being women. According to the WHO report, by 2025 this number is expected to rise to over 380 million. The disease has been named the fifth deadliest disease in the United States with no imminent cure in sight. With the rise of information technology and its continued advent into the medical and healthcare sector, the cases of diabetes as well as their symptoms are well documented. This paper aims at finding solutions to diagnose the disease by analyzing the patterns found in the data through classification analysis by employing
Decision Tree and Naïve Bayes algorithms. The research hopes to propose a quicker and more efficient technique of diagnosing the disease, leading to timely treatment of the patients.
This is mainly made in the topic of Ashwagandha Antidiabetic effects....This is my final year project Power point slides presentation of 8th semester in bachelor of pharmaceutical technology....
I reffer this topic because there are various medicinal herbs which are showing hypoglycemic effect.. But withaferin is one of the most potent chemical constituent.. Not only hypoglycemic action it also having antimicrobial and antineoplastic/anticancer activity. So now a days withaferin is most choisable research interest in modern phytochemical study.
Name - Debraj Chakraborty (B.Pharm)
College - Eminent College of pharmaceutical technology
Semester - 8th
Session - 2018 - 2022
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
This Journal publishes original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in pharmacy.
Evaluation of the Acute Effect of Daru Haridradi Kashaya in the Management of...ijtsrd
Diabetes mellitus is a category of metabolic disorders that are characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from insulin synthesis defects, insulin activity, or both. It is correlated with “Madhumeha” describe under the Prameharoga in Ayurveda. This scientific study has been conducted to evaluate the acute effect of Daruharidradikashaya. Daruharidra, Harithaki, Vibhitaki, Amalaki, Mustha and Devadara are ingredients of it.In clinical study ten were selected and given instruction for same diet, lifestyle and antidiabetic drugs for two weeks and specially advised to have same dinner enriched with fiber and protein before the blood test. Then kept fasting for 10 hours. After first week 120ml of Daruharidradi Kashayawas given to the patient while blood drawing for Fasting Blood Sugar FBS test. Then Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT was done. In their second visit 120ml of Luke warm water was given on behalf of the drug and repeated same procedure. FBS and OGTT levels were separately measured and average levels are considered.Also a non parametric test called “Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test” was applied for testing the difference between two dependent samples. Since p values are not less than 0.05, efficacy of the Daruharidradi Kashaya has not been shown statistically significance at 5 percent significant level for all the periods of times. The effectiveness of the drug has not been statistically significant for the remaining periods of times. So it can be concluded that the acute action of Daruharidradi Kashayais not effective for reduce blood glucose level for the remaining period of times. Daruharidradi Kashaya has chronic effectiveness for Diabetes mellitus. So there may be some issues with the acute effect of it. Therefore, for a perfect conclusion, the study sample should be expand under more numbers of patients and the study setting should be IPD inward patient department of the hospital. There is an open field for new researchers to increase this study sample and repeat this procedure. T. K. G. Punchihewa | R. V. Ekneligoda | P. P. Uyanege "Evaluation of the Acute Effect of Daru Haridradi Kashaya in the Management of Blood Glucose Level in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 – A Pilot Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38604.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/pathology/38604/evaluation-of-the-acute-effect-of-daru-haridradi-kashaya-in-the-management-of-blood-glucose-level-in-diabetes-mellitus-type-2-–-a-pilot-study/t-k-g-punchihewa
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT Samantha M. TallarineCapella Univ.docxkarlhennesey
PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Samantha M. Tallarine
Capella University
BSN-FP4016
1
AGENDA
The presentation covers:
Identification of the disease
Identification of three most commonly used drugs
Types of actions, side effects and indications of the medications
Description of the treatment regime
Impact of the treatment regime on patients
How nurses should monitor clients and
Controversies associated with the medication
The presentation will focus on the issues identified. Addressing the issues provides an opportunity to identify and evaluate the selected disease in order to understand the issues affecting the patients, healthcare professional and the healthcare industry as a whole.
2
IDENTIFICATION OF THE DESEASE
The identified disease is:
Type 2 Diabetes
It’s a health condition that affects:
The body’s ability to process sugar
Mostly common for nurses among
High risk population such as those who are obese or overweight
The disease identified for the assignment is Type 2 diabetes. The disease is a health condition resulting from the inability of the body to process sugar. Even though screening is recommended for those who are 45 years and older, those who are under the age of 45 and are overweight are recommended to go for screening to determine if one is exposed to the condition and if so, the type of the condition, whether type 1 or type 2, (Fuchsberger et al., 2016).
Image sourced from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317769.php
3
DRUGS MOST OFTEN USED
Metformin (Glumetza , Glucophage, among others)
Generally the first prescription for the condition
Sulfonylureas
Helps the body to produce more insulin
Meglitinides
Stimulates the pancreas to produce more insulin
Metformin works by lowering the production of glucose in the liver thus improving the sensitivity of the body to insulin which improves its efficient use in the body. Sulfonylureas work by helping the body to produce more insulin thus meeting the body needs efficiently. Meglitinides also work by stimulating the production of insulin from the pancreas thus meeting the deficit by the body.
4
TYPES OF ACTIONS, SIDE EFFECTS, INDICATIONS, AND CONTRAINDICATIONS
Metformin (Glumetza , Glucophage, among others)
Possible side effects include:
Nausea and diarrhea
Sulfonylureas
Possible side effects include:
Low blood sugar and
Weight gain
The side effects of Metformin include nausea and diarrhea. The side effects disappear after the body of the patient gets used to the medication or when the medication is taken alongside a meal. Other oral medications can also be administered alongside the drug to promote positive outcomes as argued by Borries et al. (2019). The side effects of Sulfonylureas include experiences low blood sugar among the patients using the medication.
5
CONTINUATION…
Meglitinides
Faster acting medication
Thus shorted duration and effect on the body
Side effects include:
Low blood pressure and
Weight gain
The drug ...
2014 Report: Medicines in Development for DiabetesPhRMA
Nearly 26 million Americans are affected by diabetes—including 7 million people who are unaware they have the disease. One of the top 10 causes of death in the United States, diabetes has far-reaching implications for patients and their families and our health care system.
Biopharmaceutical Research Companies Are Developing 180 Medicines to Treat Diabetes and Related Conditions.
This Presentation Prepared from IDF-DAR,BMJ,ADA & Other guidelines.It will cover to solve problems faced by the physicians during management of DM in the Holy Month of Ramadan specially monitoring of blood glucose,Drug doses,dietary and exercise advice etc.
MY PRESENTATION @ CSIR NEIST SRTP ON - STRENGTHENING THE HEALTHY LIFESTYLE TH...Ram Kanth
This is my presentation at CSIR NEIST SRTP. Had a wonderful interaction with a good number of the audience around 325 +. It a great and memorable presentation of mine.
Yoga therapy: the key to maximum wellnessRajeev Roy
This is my journey of being diagnosed with a chronic disease in 2007 to complete recovery in 2013 through Yoga Therapy. I am sharing this so that everyone dealing with a chronic disease can have access to sure-shot cure if they are willing to attend two weeks of therapy followed by a regime of regular Yoga practices.
Similar to Control_Diabetes_through_Phytomedicine_Case_Report.pdf (20)
Background: Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into the surrounding tissue. Changes to DNA cause cancer. It is one of the most common and largest killer diseases in the world. It usually affects physically, and the disease can alter one’s perspective on life and personality. Many treatment options are there to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy treatment may have more side effects like lethargy, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, Fatigue, and insomnia, the most common problems among chemotherapy patients in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample size of 60, out of which 30 subjects were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. A convenient sampling method was used to select the subjects. A structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data. Result: The result of the study showed that, during pre-test in the study group, among 30 subjects 3(10%) had moderate Fatigue, 22(73.33%) had severe Fatigue, 5(16.67%) had worst Fatigue and 12(40%) had moderate insomnia, 18(60%) had severe insomnia and in control group among 30 subjects, 6(20%) had moderate Fatigue, 13(43.33%) had severe Fatigue, 11(36.67%) had a worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. With post-test, in experimental group, 14(46.67%) had no fatigue, 16(53.33%) had mild fatigue, 14(46.67%) had no insomnia, 16(53.33%) had mild insomnia, and in control group, 6(20%) had moderate fatigue, 13(43.33%) had extreme fatigue, 11(36.67%) had worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. Conclusion: The study concluded that clients who were receiving chemotherapy had fatigue and insomnia problems. The Warm water foot bath therapy is very effective in clients undergoing chemotherapy in reducing Fatigue and insomnia. A positive correlation between pre-test and post-test was found by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Key-words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Foot bath, Health, Warm water
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
Background: One of the most common disorders in this age group, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), is the primary cause of most gynaecological problems in adolescents. Unfortunately, epidemiological data on AUB in teenagers is scarce, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The PALM-COEIN classification, where PALM stands for structural reasons and COEIN for functional causes, was employed in this single-center prospective observational study to evaluate the relative contributions of several etiological factors in AUB. To comprehend the etiological, dermographic, and therapeutic factors affecting menorrhagia in patients going through adolescence. Methods: Enrollment for females with AUB between 10 and 19 occurred between January and December 2022. A thorough history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation, which in every case comprised standard testing, hormone analysis, and abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography were used to determine the cause of AUB. MRIs and CT scans were performed when needed. Results: There were 190 patients enrolled in total. Functional factors comprised the predominant aetiology of AUB among adolescent females: Adenomyosis=01 (0.52%), Polyp=1 (0.52%). Coagulopathy=2 (1.05%), Leomyoma=01 (0.52%), Malignancy=1 (0.52%), and PALM=4 (2.11%). COEIN=186 (97.89%), ovulation disorder=175 (92.15%), endometrial=01 (0.52%), iatrogenic=6 (3.15%), non-specified=2 (1.05%), and iatrogenic=6 (3.15%). Conclusion: The most frequent cause of AUB in the adolescent population is ovulatory abnormalities. Even though they are extremely rare, structural factors must be ruled out. A helpful technique for evaluating patients with AUB systematically is the PALM-COEIN classification.
Key-words: PALM-COEIN, Leiomyoma, AUB, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Hormonal therapy
Derived from the bacterium Proteus vulgaris , chondroitin ABC lyase is an enzyme that can be used in treating proteoglycans that
affect neural activity (communication, plasticity). Chondroitinase can be used for vision abnormalities and spinal injuries. The
biological activity of chondroitinase is due to its ability to act on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) which are required for
normal functioning. Th is study aim s to examine various types and routes of administration of Chondr oitina se e n zymes. There is an
increasing application of chondro itin sulfate proteoglycans in spinal cord injury, vit reous attachment, and the management of
various carcinogenic conditions. Research must be done to create an effective chondroitinase delivery mech anism so that the
pharmacological activity seen in vitro and in preclinical research may be applied in the clinic. More studies are required to widen
the application of chondroitinase in therapeutics. In this review, chondroitinase ABC, B, and C are all di scuss ed. T he routes of
administration like caudal or ros tral, intracerebroventricular, hydrogels, and intrath ecal have been detailed. The current review
article highlights the different medical uses for chondroitinase, drug delivery methods for the enzym e, and chondroitinase
dispersion across bacteria. In conclusion, this study can reduce the chance of edema by the intracerebroventric ular route.
However, it is not effective for people due to the gyrencephalic anatomy of brain
Key-words: Chondroitinase, Chondroitin, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Spinal Injuries, Ocular Abnormalities, Proteoglycans
Background: Maturing is a widespread peculiarity. Advanced age is not in itself a sickness however is an ordinary piece of human existence length. A guardian, like wise called a career, home wellbeing assistant or individual consideration assistant, is the individual answerable for furnishing their clients with day-to-day private consideration and help with exercises. Methods: Exploration approach: unmistakable methodology research plan: graphic study research plan. The setting of the review: provincial areas of Bagalkot region. Information assortment strategy: organized polls test. The example was chosen by an arbitrary inspecting procedure. The analyst arbitrarily chose Shirur town as a provincial setting and was chosen for enrolment of subjects. Results: The information score of guardians was 41.06%, with mean and SD of 12.32±3.925. These discoveries uncover those guardians had normal information for advanced-age medical conditions. The mentality score of guardians was 73.73%, with a mean and SD of 110.6±11.008. These discoveries uncovers that parental figures have concur capable demeanour in regards to the advanced age medical conditions. Conclusion: At last, a critical co-connection between the information and demeanour at 0.001 the discoveries uncovers that there is a moderate positive relationship between the information and disposition of the advanced age medical issues.
Key-words: Assess, Care Giver, Health Problems, Knowledge, Old Age
Background: Adolescent is one of the most rapid phases of human development. Anemia is a deficiency in the number of RBC in your body. RBC carry oxygen around your body using a particular protein called hemoglobin. Normal hemoglobin level in adolescent girls 13-15 g/dl. According to WHO, the hemoglobin level 10- 11.9 g/dl is considered mild anemia, 7-9 g/dl is considered moderate, and less than 7 g/dl is called severe anemia. Methods: The present study is pre-experimental among 60 adolescent girls, using a disproportional stratified random technique. One experimental group of clients was selected without randomization and no control group was used. The data was collected by using the structured close-ended knowledge questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics regarding mean, frequency distribution, percentage, paired table t-test and chi-square test. Results: The overall findings reveal that the post-test knowledge mean score 26.24% with SD±5.94, which was 72% of the total score was more when compared to the pre-test knowledge mean score 12.98 with SD 5.94, which was 36.83% of total score. The calculated t-value of 24.91 was much higher than the table t-value 1.96 for the hypothesis. Conclusion: The study provides that VATP on knowledge regarding the preparation and use of moringa juice in managing anemia among adolescent girls was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Adolescent girls, Knowledge, VATP, Effectiveness, Socio-demographic variables.
Background: The research demonstrates that water birth comports and loosens mothers actually and intellectually. The buoyance lessens body weight and permits free development and situating to the mother. Buoyance and warm water upgrade uterine withdrawal and better blood flow, which builds uterine muscles' oxygenation, diminishes the mother's torment and increases maternal oxygenation of the child. Submersion of water assists with decreasing circulatory strain and additionally gives security, which hinders uneasiness or dread. Methods: The current review pre-trial study with 50, 4th-year B.Sc. Nursing is chosen through basic arbitrary methods. One gathering pre-test without control bunch configuration was utilized. Information was gathered through a self-directed, organized, shut, finished information survey. Data was examined by involving distinct and inferential measurements concerning mean rate by conveyance, matched "t" test, and Chi-square test for affiliation. Results: The pre-test reveals that out of 50 BSc 4th-year nursing students, the highest pre-test (62%) of BSc 4th-year nursing students had poor knowledge. Overall, the post-test knowledge score (22.6±4.19), 70.62% of the total score, was more than the pre-test knowledge score (8.76±3.95), 23.3%. The effectiveness of the assisted teaching programme, in this area, the mean knowledge score was 13.84 with SD±0.24, which was 43.25% of the total score. Hence, it indicates that the video-assisted teaching program effectively enhanced the knowledge of BSc 4th-year nursing students. Conclusion: This study concluded that video-assisted teaching programmes on knowledge regarding waterbirth among B.Sc 4th year Nursing students was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Fourth year B.Sc. Nursing students, Knowledge, VATP, Water birth
Background: Post-menopausal women experience many physical, emotional, and mental symptoms during the post-menopausal period, and reflexology has grown into a complex therapeutic modality and has a range of effects. Reflexology will help put hormones back into a normal state and act like a process of emotional cleansing, relieving stress and restoring harmony to the body and soul. Hence, foot reflexology seems to be effective in treating post-menopausal symptoms. Methods: In the present study, pre-experimental i.e. one group pretest-posttest design, was adopted. The study was conducted on 30 post-menopausal women to assess their knowledge regarding foot reflexology. Samples were selected by using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean percentage of the pre-test score was 28%, and the post-test score was 76.65%. The mean and the standard deviation of the pre-test score were 5.60±1.71, and the mean and the standard deviation of the post-test score were 15.33±1.15. The total mean and standard deviation are 9.73±2.07 by comparing the pre-test and post-test scores. Hence, it was found that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of post-menopausal women regarding foot reflexology. No significant association was found between post-test knowledge scores and socio-demographic variables on foot reflexology. Conclusion: The study concluded that a planned teaching program on knowledge regarding foot reflexology for post-menopausal women was a scientific, logical, and cost-effective strategy to reduce post-menopausal symptoms.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Foot reflexology, Post-menopausal women, Planned teaching program, Socio-demographic variables
Background: A 51-year-old woman had left lower abdomen pain for 18 hours with nausea and vomiting. Prior CT scans suggested pelvic neoplasms. Our hospital's emergency CT showed an enlarged uterus with cystic shadows, right adnexal cysts, and stomach fluid. Physical examination revealed left lower abdomen discomfort. A gynaecological examination revealed a painful, firm pelvic mass of 151210 cm. Further diagnosis is underway. Method: The patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy, discovering a twisted, swollen left ovary with a 540° rotation, classified as a benign cyst. It was found that the patient had congenital upper vaginal atresia and bilateral initial uteri. Pain was reduced after surgery, thanks to symptomatic treatment. An abnormal karyotype of 46, XX,1qh+ was found during genetic testing. Result: Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina develop from the embryonic accessory mesonephric duct. MRKH syndrome is caused by bilateral accessory mesonephric duct dysplasia and disappearance of the uterus or vagina. MRKH has three types, with Type 1 lacking uterus or vagina. Due to ovarian cyst torsion, this Type 1 MRKH with double initial uterus and upper vaginal atresia needed left adnexa resection. Genetic testing showed a typical female karyotype. MRKH's complex aetiology incorporates chromosomal abnormalities, emphasizing early cytogenetic evaluation for personalized treatment and fertility assistance. Conclusion: Early cytogenetic testing for MRKH syndrome patients is crucial for determining the underlying cause and guiding personalized treatment plans to restore reproductive function and improve quality of life.
Key-words: Double primordial uterus; MRKH syndrome; Upper vaginal atresia; Torsion of left ovarian cyst pedicle
Background: Cell phones have advanced to the degree of becoming a necessary piece of individuals' lives. Cell phones are utilised for correspondence, diversion, efficiency, interpersonal interaction, and gaming. In addition to supplanting the conventional cells, cell phones have likewise supplanted personal computers and numerous other comparative gadgets. Individuals these days feel indistinguishable from their cell phones. In lined with the rising improvement of innovation and excessive utilisation of cell phones, one of the significant issues that scientists have noticed and are chipping away at is cell phone addiction. Methods: It was a graphic study directed among 100 nursing students aged 19-22 in B.V.V.S. Institute of Nursing Sciences Bagalkot. Information was gathered utilising a structured knowledge questionnaire to survey socio-demographic information. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (Alertness Test) was utilised to evaluate the classroom alertness of the nursing students and the Cell phone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) was utilised to assess the cell addiction of the nursing students. Results: An association was found between the year of studying and the classroom alertness of students (χ2 =3.9102) p<0.05. There was a significant negative correlation between cell phone addiction and classroom alertness of the nursing students, p<0.05. The r-value obtained was 0.80. Thus, the correlation between the two factors is seen as statistically significant. Conclusion In the wake of acquiring the consequences of the current work the scientist s saw a negati ve relationship between cell
pho ne addiction and the class room alertness of the students.
Key-words: Addiction, Alertness, Cell phone, Classroom, Phone addiction
Background: Chemical changes occur in the epididymis when the testicular sperm grows. When sperm and seminal fluids mix during ejaculation, a substance called semen is formed. The cervical mucus of a fertilized egg screens out the best possible sperm. For infertility, Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) can be necessary. Test sperm that are DNA efficient, normal, and motile using Swim Up. Sperm could be damaged by reactive oxygen species that are produced during centrifugation. All infertility treatments should take these factors into account. Methods: The in vitro fertilization (ICSI) procedure was administered to fifty male patients who were 35 years old or younger and tested positive for normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligozoospermia. After obtaining informed consent, a Swim-Up was performed using both the full semen and a washed pellet. With sperm obtained from both methods, six Metaphase-2 stages of oocytes (MII oocytes) were implanted in each patient. A Tri-gas Bench-top incubator was used to put each injected oocyte in its 37°C setting. Results: The study showed that the age differences were insignificant (p=0.722), but significant variations emerged in sperm concentration before processing (p=1.030) and after (p=1.064). Sperm morphology differences were evident before processing (p=0.004) and after (p=0.002). No significant differences were noted in the number of Day 3 cleavage stage embryos. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no significant difference between the two techniques regarding sperm washing efficiency.
Key-words: Sperm preparation methods, Swim-up, Centrifugation, ICSI, Fertilization, Day 3 Embryo
Background: The third most common musculoskeletal symptom in orthopaedic clinical practice is a sore shoulder, which can cause significant morbidity. It has been reported that 7–27% of the general population has it, and 36–66% of overhead arm athletes have it. Pathophysiology includes functional, degenerative, and mechanical factors. Most shoulder pain is subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), often known as ‘shoulder impingement syndrome’. Impingement hypothesis: shoulder joint structures mechanically clash. SAPS accounts for 36–48% of shoulder discomfort. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, among Eastern Indian outpatients. The study included adult patients (ages 18–75) of both sexes who presented to MKCG Medical College and Hospital's OPD with shoulder pain from December 2020 to November 2022 and were diagnosed with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS). Thorough histories and clinical exams were done. The Department of Radiology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, performed conventional shoulder MRIs on the selected participants. Results: Most cases and controls were Type-II (43.3%), followed by Type-I (28.3% and 30%, 29.2% of the total group). The study's least common acromial shape was type-IV, seen in 5% of cases and 10% of controls (7.5% of the sample). Fisher's exact test showed no significant connection between subacromial impingement and acromial shape (p=0.65). With a p-value of 0.045, cases had a significantly greater acromial width (8.12±2.16 mm) than controls (7.51±0.81 mm). Conclusion: Sub-acromial impingement was unrelated to acromion morphology. There was no correlation between acromial morphology and rotator cuff injuries.
Key-words: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Acromion Morphology, MRI
Impact of Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Intervention as an Add-on Treatment for Skin Diseases-Acne, Eczema and Psoriasis
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.5.2
Seasonal Incidence and Varietal Response of Gram against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) at Talwandi Sabo, Punjab
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.4.3
More from SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences (20)
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.