This is mainly made in the topic of Ashwagandha Antidiabetic effects....This is my final year project Power point slides presentation of 8th semester in bachelor of pharmaceutical technology.... I reffer this topic because there are various medicinal herbs which are showing hypoglycemic effect.. But withaferin is one of the most potent chemical constituent.. Not only hypoglycemic action it also having antimicrobial and antineoplastic/anticancer activity. So now a days withaferin is most choisable research interest in modern phytochemical study. Name - Debraj Chakraborty (B.Pharm) College - Eminent College of pharmaceutical technology Semester - 8th Session - 2018 - 2022

1. AN OVERVIEW OF ASHWAGANDHA (Withania somnifera) AS AN
ANTIDIABETIC HERB
Name – Debraj Chakraborty
College Name – Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology
Roll No. – 35401918034
Reg No. – 183540210018
Year – 4th
Semester – 8th

2. Index
• Introduction
• Botanical description of Ashwagandha
• Hypoglycemic activity of Withania somnifera
• World Diabetes Report
• Classification of Diabetes Disease
• Some important Drugs available in market
• Traditional uses / Ethnobotany
• Conclusion
• References

3. Introduction
• The possibility that W.somnifera could be used for treatments of diabetes and associated metabolic disturbances
were first suggested by the results of an exploratory clinical study conducted with its root powdered in diabetic
patients and published in 2000.
• Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extracts often used for prevention and cure of Diabetes mellitus.
• Diabetes mellitus is a slowly dreadful disease and silently progressing metabolic disorder.
• The International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) estimates a prevalence of 366 million adults with diabetes
worldwide in 2011 that was estimated to rise, by 2030.
• Ashwagandha benefits the human body in various ways and is a highly used and important herb within Ayurveda.

4. Botanical Description of Ashwagandha
Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) is a woody, evergreen shrub usually identified as “Winter cherry” or
“Indian Ginseng” in English.
• Kingdom – Plantae Family – Solanaceae Class – Magnoliopsida
Genus – Withania Species – Somnifera
• Withania somnifera is a common herbaceous evergreen shrub of 30-150cm height.
• The leaves are 5-10 cm long, simple alternate
• The roots are stout, long tuberous, fleshy, whitish-brown.

5. Hypoglycemic activity of Withania somnifera
• W. somnifera's therapeutic activity is attributed to withanolides, their role in the anti-diabetic
activity of W. somnifera has not been adequately studied.
• W. somnifera leaf and root extracts increased glucose uptake in muscle and adipocytes in a dose
dependent manner, with the leaf extract more active than the root extract.
• Leaf but not root extract increased insulin secretion in basal pancreatic beta cells but not in
stimulated cells.
• Six withanolides isolated from W. somnifera were tested for anti-diabetic. Withaferin A was found
to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
• It is suggested that withaferin A is at least partially responsible for W. somnifera's anti-diabetic
activity.

6. World Diabetes Report
• Between 1990 and 2017, the worldwide illness burden of diabetes grew dramatically.
• Diabetes prevalence rose by 129.7%.
• From 211.2 million (196.0–228.5) people in 1990 to 476.0 million (436.6–522.8) people in 2017.
• Diabetes-related fatalities increased by 125.5 Percent from 0.61 million (0.59–0.62) in 1990 to 1.37 million
(1.34–1.40) in 2017.
• The Mortality rate increased from 15.7 (15.3–16.1) to 17.5 (17.1–17.9) as a function of age.

7. Classification of Diabetes Disease
• Diabetes Mellitus Type – I (Insulin Dependent Diabetes):
It is a beta cell destruction and absolute insulin deficiency. It’s divided in to 2 –immune & idiopathic causes. For the person
who have type – I diabetes, insulin replacement therapy is necessary to sustain life.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type – II (Non-insulin dependent diabetes):
Occurs people who over 40 years and overweight. Due to lack of the lack of response to insulin. It is characterized by
resistance to the action of insulin and inability to produce sufficient insulin.
• Gestational Diabetes (GDM):-
Defined as any abnormality in glucose level noted for the first time during pregnancy. It is diagnosed approximately 7% of
all pregnancies in USA.

8. Some important drugs available in market
Drugs available in market
Sulfonylurea
1st generation
sulfonylurea
1) Tolbutamide
2)Chlorpropamide
2nd generation
sulfonylurea
1)Glyburide
2)Glipizide
Meglitinides
1)Repaginate
2)Nateglinide
Biguanides
1)Metformin
2)phenformin
Thiazolidinedione
1)Troglitazone
2)Pioglitazone
α-glucosidase
inhibitors
1)Acarbose
2)Miglitol

9. Traditional use / Ethnobotany
State - Country - Place Plant Parts Ethno Medicinal Use
West Bengal - India - Paschim Medinipur,
Bankura, Darjeeling
Leaves, Roots, Whole plant Wound & burn &Menstrual disorders & Tonic
Bangladesh – Chittagong, Kaliaganj, Dhaka Roots, Whole plant Rheumatism, Anal bleeding, bleeding through
the penis, Energy tonic
Andhra Pradesh – Yavatmal, East Godavari Roots, Whole plant Combat anaemia, Arthritis, anxiety, insomnia,
tumours
Assam – Morigaon, Barpeta Leaves and Roots Leprosy, Female infertility
Himachal Pradesh - Hamirpur Seeds Physical and mental weakness
Haryana - Rohtak Stem bark Menstrual disorder
Bihar -Buxur Root Diuretic
Jammu and Kashmir - Udhampur Leaves Memory enhancer, obesity
Madhya Pradesh - West Nimar region Root Antibacterial, rheumatism, tuberculosis
Orissa – Balasore, Koraput Root Arthritis, Piles, diabetes, hypertension
Tripura Root bark Antimicrobial activity, asthma
Uttarakhand – Dehradun, Kedarnath valley Root, Leaves Urinary disorders, fever
Uttar Pradesh – Firozabad, Aligarh Root Wrinkles
Karnataka - Gulbarga Root Ulcers, swellings

10. Conclusion
Withania somnifera, best known as has been used for centuries for the treatment of vivid health
disorders. Multiple health benefits featured in this herbal supplement makes it as a perfect
rejuvenator of physical and psychological health. This medicinal herb also have anti-inflammatory
and antioxident property
From this study, it is concluded that the W. somnifera root and leaf extracts possess antidiabetic
and antihyperlipidaemic activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. W. somnifera root extract
contained more flavonoids than leaf extract. Further, phytochemical characterization of W.somnifera
is required to identify the specific compound(s) involved in the observed hypoglycaemic and
hypolipidaemic activities.

11. References
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175.
• Gupta GL, Rana AC. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): A Review. Pharmacog Rev 2007; 129-136.
• Alam N, Hossain M, Khalil MI, Moniruzzaman M, Sulaiman SA, Gan SH. Recent advances in elucidating the biological properties of Withania somnifera and its
potential role in health benefits. Phytochem Rev 2012; 11(1): 97-112.
• Anwer T, Sharma M, Pillai KK, Iqbal M. Effect of Withania somnifera on insulin sensitivity in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol
Toxicol 2008; 102: 498-503.
• shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 87(1): 4-14.
• Egede LE, Dismuke CE. Serious psychological distress and diabetes: a review of the literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2012; 14: 15-22.
• Yardley JE, Stapleton JM, Carter MR, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP. Is whole-body thermoregulatory function impaired in type 1 diabetes mellitus? Cur Diab Rev 2013; 9:
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• Andallu B, Radhika B. Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (Withania somnifera, Dunal) root. Ind J Exp Biol 2000; 38: 607-
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• Kumar R, Grover SK, Divekar HM, Gupta AK, Shyam R, Srivastava KK. Enhanced thermogenesis in rats by Panax ginseng, multivitamins and minerals. Int J
Biometeorol 1996; 39:187-191.
• Khan F, Spence VA, Belch JJ. Cutaneous vascular responses and thermoregulation in relation to age. Clin Sci 1992; 82: 521-528.
• Trayhurn, P. Thermoregulation in the diabetic-obese (db/db) mouse. Pflugers Arch 1979; 380: 227-232.
• Balhara YPS. Sagar R. Correlates of anxiety and depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2011; 15: S50.

12. Thank You