F.W. Taylor is known as the father of scientific management. He developed this approach based on his observations working at Midvale Steel Works, where he saw workers were not working as efficiently as possible. Scientific management aims to systematically analyze jobs to determine the most efficient ways of working. It emphasizes separating planning from execution of tasks, specialized functional roles like foremen planning work, standardization of tools and processes, and using financial incentives like piece-rate pay to encourage productivity. While it aimed to improve efficiency, scientific management was also criticized for not considering human factors and allowing little worker input.