CONTEMPORARY-WORLD-V LESSON 5 (1).pptx

1. VII. GLOBAL MIGRATION
The movements of people around the
world that can be seen through the
categories of migrants.
Refugees are forced to flee their home
countries due to safety concerns.
Growing inequalities between North and South to increase living
standards.
Increasing in high-growth regions of Asia, and Africa.

2. CAUSES OF MIGRATION
Increase in cross border flows with globalization.
Driven largely disparities in socio-economic levels between
destination and origin.
Enabling institutions are important migration industries.
Migrants are predominantly middle income.
Colonialism Inter-war reduction Post-world war.

3. LABOR MIGRATION
This is driven by push factors (e.g. lack of
employment opportunities in home
countries).
Labor migration involves the flow of
less-skilled and unskilled workers.
MIGRATION
Is governed either by push factors such as
political persecution, economic depression,
war and famine in the home country.

4. MIGRATION TRENDS OVER PAST 25 YEARS
Globalization of migration – more countries are affected by
migration at the same time.
Acceleration of migration – once migration starts, it is likely to
snowball through chain migration.
Differentiation of migration – more different types of migration
(refugees, family migrants, labor force migrants).

5. HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
Pre-19th Century
Warfare, conflict, formation of nations and emergence of states.
Slavery
By 1790, there were 2.5 million African slaves in the Americas.
In 1790, 19% of US population was black.
Ships with manufactured goods (salt, hardware, weapons, rum)
from England to W. Africa, Africans to N and S. America and
plantation goods (sugar, tobacco, molasses) back to England.

6. MIDDLE PASSAGE BETWEEN AFRICA AND AMERICAS

7. 19TH CENTURY MIGRATION
Colonial Migrations
British recruited 30 million from Indian subcontinent to work on
sugar plantations in the Caribbean.
Dutch used Chinese in Dutch E. India (Indonesia) Europeans to U.S.
Canada, Australia
Irish to Britain to work in textile factories, building trades, and on
railroad.

8. EASTERN EUROPE AND FORMER SOVIET UNION
The Fall of Soviet Union creates economic collapse and freedom to
seek foreign residence.
East Germans move to west.
Hungary, Poland, Czech Rep., and Slovakia emerge as immigration
buffer zones to the East and Western Europe.
Poles seek work in Dutch and German agriculture
Russians and Ukrainians work in Poland.
Bulgarian Turks return to Turkey.

9. POVERTY AND MIGRATION RELATIONS
Migration varies across caste groups and villagers with the highest
incidence among chronically poor people in remote villages.
Poverty plays in the change in migration during globalization as
many people from rural areas come to urban areas and to earn
money.

10. IMPACTS OF MIGRATION
Depend on the skills of migrants and the skills of existing workers.
The immediate short run effects of immigration on the wages and
employment.

11. REASONS OF MIGRATION
1. People migrate for both voluntary and involuntary reasons.
2. Voluntary migration occurs when people choose to leave one
place for another.
Ex. Moving to Ho Chi Minh City from the countryside
3. Involuntary migration occurs when people are forced to move to
a new place.
Ex. Africans who were kidnapped and brought to the Americas as
slaves.

12. IMPACTS OF MIGRATION
Human migration affects population patterns and characteristics,
social and cultural patterns and processes, economies, and
physical environments.

13. TYPES OF MIGRATION
*Permanent migration
*Return migration
*Forced migration
*Seasonal migration
*Irregular migration
*Migration for education
*Voluntary migration
*Marriage migration

14. QUOTES ON MIGRATION
While migration is inevitable, the fact remains
that most people leave their homes to escape
violence and the certain persecution that comes
from it.
Richard Grenell

15. Describe Global Migration and give example of
global migration.
Identify the significance of Global migration to
the economy of the world.
Investigate the causes of migration.

16. VIII. SUSTAINABLE WORLD
Development
Development is the gradual growth of a
situation that becomes more advanced
and strong than previous one.
The unfolding of human potentials for economic, social, political
and cultural process and institutions.
By bringing about a change in policy, projects and legislation.

17. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
A development that meets the needs
without compromising the future
generations to meet their own needs.
Improvement of lifestyles and well-being.
Preserving natural resources and ecosystems.

18. EVOLUTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM RIO TO
JOHANNESBURG
UN established the Commission on Sustainable Development in
December 1992.
To monitor and implementation of the Earth Summit agreements
at the local, national, regional, and international levels.
The Kyoto Protocol adopted in December 1997 Conferences of the
Parties.

19. FOUR MAJOR COMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
*The climatic change
*Nutrient cycles
*Hydrological cycle
*Bio-diversity

20. EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SOLAR ENERGY
A completely free and is available in a
limitless supply.
These factors provide a huge benefit to
consumers and help reduce pollution.
A non-renewable energy is both environmentally and financially
effective.

21. WIND ENERGY
An energy source is the power of wind
energy necessitates the use of
windmills.
Wind energy can supplement or
replace the cost of grid power, and good investment remains a
great example of sustainable development.

22. CROP ROTATION
This farming practice is beneficial in
several ways, most notably because it is
chemical-free.
It has been proven to maximize the
growth potential and also preventing disease and insects in the
soil.
It is benefit to farmers.

23. PILLARS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Social Development
Improved income distribution and Gender equity and investing in basic
health & education.
Environmental Protection
More equitable access to resources and increasing the productive of the
poor.
Economic Development
Appropriate policies and efficient resource allocation.
Cultural Diversity
Is necessary for humankind as the biodiversity for nature.

24. SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLES
Reduce dependence upon fossil.
Reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals
and unnatural substances.
Reduce encroachment upon nature.
Meet human needs fairly & efficiently.

25. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY
Food Security
All people at all times have physical &
economic access to adequate amounts of
nutritious, safe, and culturally appropriate
foods.
Food Security means that people who produce food are able to
earn a decent, and living wage.
Food security is access to healthy food and optimal nutrition for
all.

26. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY
Delivering sufficient food to the entire
world population.
It is a priority of all countries whether
developed or less developed.

27. SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
Environmental Health
Ensures that food production and procurement
do not compromise the land, air, or water or
future generations.
Economic Vitality
Ensures that people who producing food
are able to earn a decent living wage
doing so.

28. HUMAN HEALTH & SOCIAL EQUITY
Ensures particular importance is placed on
community development and health of
the community, making sure that healthy
foods are available.

30. NUTRITION EDUCATION
Nutrition education is a behavior change
plans will be developed together with
local communities.
Purpose of Nutrition Education:
To reduce child malnutrition
To promote food hygiene, family planning, breast feeding and
complementary feeding practices
To prepare fruits and vegetables in micro gardens.

31. CHALLENGES TO GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION
*Urbanization & rising incomes, leading to diet changes
*Growing land and water constraints
*Weakening comparative advantage of agriculture
*Climate change and higher frequency / intensity of extreme
weather events.
*Rising agriculture related to health and food safety scandals.
*Food-fuel competition

32. PATHWAYS FOR GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEM
1. Invest in agriculture to produce more quality crops
2. Transform smallholder agriculture
3. Fix the fundamentals: e.g. marketing, infrastructure
4. Empower women in agriculture
5. Facilitate open, transparent and fair trade
6. Strengthen partnerships, esp. with new players

33. QUOTES ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
In the 21st century, I think the heroes will be the
people who will improve the quality of life, fight
poverty and introduce more sustainability.
Bertrand Piccard

34. State Food Security.
Discuss how the government can solve the problems
of food security of the country?
Describe the desired outcomes of sustainable
development.
Examine our goal in sustainable development.