The English Civil War broke out in 1642 when Charles I tried to arrest several Puritans in Parliament. The war was fought between the Royalist Cavaliers who supported the king and the Roundheads who opposed him, led by Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell's New Model Army defeated the Cavaliers in 1649, leading Charles I to be beheaded, marking the start of the Interregnum period without a monarch. During this time from 1649-1660, Cromwell ruled first as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth republic and then the Protectorate dictatorship.

1. English Constitutionalism: The English Civil War (1642-1649)

2. Immediate Cause Charles I tried to arrest several Puritans in Parliament March 1642 Charles declared war against his opponents in Parliament Civil War Resulted Cavaliers--supported the king Roundheads--(Calvinists) opposed the king

3. Playskool Version of the English Civil War Cavaliers Roundheads

4. English Civil War

5. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) Fiercely Puritan Independent and military leader of the roundheads Eventually led his New Model Army to victory in 1649 Pride’s Purge (1648) Removed all non-Puritans and Presbyterians from Parliament leaving “Rump Parliament”

6. Regicide Charles I was beheaded in 1649

7. English Constitutionalism: The Interregnum 1649-1660

8. The Interregnum (1649-1660) The Commonwealth (1649-1653) A republic that abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords The Protectorate (1653-1659) Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector (in effect, a dictatorship)

9. New Sects Emerged Levellers Diggers Quakers Allowed women to play a role in preaching

10. Dissolves the “Rump” Parliament 1653 The Protectorate (1653-1659)

11. Cromwell’s Military Campaigns 1649-Cromwell invaded Ireland to put down an Irish uprising

12. England Under Cromwell Puritan-controlled gov’t sought to regulate the moral life of England Cromwell died in 1658 and his son, Richard Stuarts under Charles II were restored to the throne in 1660