The document outlines key figures and developments during the Scientific Revolution that challenged the medieval view of the world and led to new understandings in astronomy, physics and anatomy. Some of the major contributors mentioned include Copernicus who proposed a sun-centered model of the universe, Tycho Brahe and Kepler who made discoveries about planetary motion, Galileo who used the telescope and supported the Copernican model, and Newton who developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation.