This document discusses different types of conduit pipes, fan boxes, and wiring cables used in building services. It describes metal conduit, non-metal PVC conduit, flexible metal conduit, and underground conduit. Fan boxes are installed on ceilings and connected to steel roofing to allow fan installation. Various wiring cables are discussed based on wire thickness, insulation type, voltage grading, and applications for lighting, heating, and domestic wiring. Common insulation materials include vulcanized rubber, lead, PVC, and paper.
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
it is a ppt on the subject of engineering study. ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM. cables type witch is use for the high voltage transmission. in this ppt only under ground cables types are present.
Power shunts are large cross-sectional area copper braided connectors designed to meet the current carrying capacity of power distribution applications - designed with multi-layers of flat or round earth braids to achieve sizes up to 1000sqmm and carry currents in excess of 400 amps.
Power shunts are used as an alternative to solid bus bars and power cable assemblies capable of carrying very high currents yet are flexible, robust and easy to install.
Typical power shunt applications : power stations, transformers, motors, generators, switchgear, substations - low and high voltage.
Power Shunts - Large Earth Braid Connectors
T&D UK are established distributors of an extensive range of large braid connectors, also known as "Power Shunt" connectors with cross-sectional areas of up to 1000sqmm and current carrying capacities in excess of 1800amps - larger style earth braid power connectors are designed for heavy-duty power applications as flexible current carrying connectors requiring resistance to vibration. Robust, durable and flexible power shunt braided connectors are specified for power distribution in turbines, HV substations, power stations, distribution grids, electrified trains and rail systems as alternatives to solid bus bars.
A Presentation based on Underground Cables Used In the Transmission And Distribution System.It is a topic covered in the syllabus of B.E. in Electrical Engineering in 5th semester Subject named "Electrical Power System" For more detail you can check the book "Electrical Power System" by Author V.K.Mehta and S.Chand Publication.
Construction of cables
Parts of a cable
Properties of cable insulators
Properties of conductors
Types of cables
Underground cables
Methods of laying underground cables
Types of cable faults
Comparison between overhead and underground cables
Modern underground power cables are sophisticated assemblies of insulators, conductors and protective materials. Within these components are sensors, which enable cable operators to monitor conditions along the cable in real time.
The condition of the cable insulation is usually monitored through the following two main methods:
Loss tangent measurements
Partial discharge (PD) measurements
it is a ppt on the subject of engineering study. ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM. cables type witch is use for the high voltage transmission. in this ppt only under ground cables types are present.
Power shunts are large cross-sectional area copper braided connectors designed to meet the current carrying capacity of power distribution applications - designed with multi-layers of flat or round earth braids to achieve sizes up to 1000sqmm and carry currents in excess of 400 amps.
Power shunts are used as an alternative to solid bus bars and power cable assemblies capable of carrying very high currents yet are flexible, robust and easy to install.
Typical power shunt applications : power stations, transformers, motors, generators, switchgear, substations - low and high voltage.
Power Shunts - Large Earth Braid Connectors
T&D UK are established distributors of an extensive range of large braid connectors, also known as "Power Shunt" connectors with cross-sectional areas of up to 1000sqmm and current carrying capacities in excess of 1800amps - larger style earth braid power connectors are designed for heavy-duty power applications as flexible current carrying connectors requiring resistance to vibration. Robust, durable and flexible power shunt braided connectors are specified for power distribution in turbines, HV substations, power stations, distribution grids, electrified trains and rail systems as alternatives to solid bus bars.
A Presentation based on Underground Cables Used In the Transmission And Distribution System.It is a topic covered in the syllabus of B.E. in Electrical Engineering in 5th semester Subject named "Electrical Power System" For more detail you can check the book "Electrical Power System" by Author V.K.Mehta and S.Chand Publication.
Construction of cables
Parts of a cable
Properties of cable insulators
Properties of conductors
Types of cables
Underground cables
Methods of laying underground cables
Types of cable faults
Comparison between overhead and underground cables
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domest...maharshi solanki
Electrical Wiring:Types of wires and Cables and the circuit control on domestic installation
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How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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2. CONDUIT PIPES
TYPES OF CONDUIT PIPES.
1. METAL CONDUIT.
2.NON-METAL CONDUIT.
3.FLEXIBLE CONDUIT.
4.UNDERGROUND CONDUIT.
1. METAL CONDUIT:- Metal Conduit is a thick-walled threaded tubing, usually made of
coated steel, stainless steel or aluminum. IT IS coated steel,
stainless steel or aluminum. ALUMINUM PIPE IS A RIGID TUBE GENERALLY
USED IN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSRIAL APPLICATION’S.
3. 2. NON-METAL CONDUIT:- NON-CONDUIT CONDUIT PIPE IS MADE OF PVC.PVC conduit is the
lightest in weight compared to other conduit materials,
and usually lower in cost than other forms of conduit.
The plastic material resists moisture and many corrosive
substances.
4. 3. FLEXIBLE CONDUIT :- Flexible Metal Conduit (LFMC) is a metallic flexible conduit
covered by a waterproof plastic coating.
Flexible Metallic Conduit (FMC) is made by the HELICAL coiling of
a self-interlocked ribbed strip of aluminum or steel, forming a
hollow tube through which wires can be pulled. FMC is used
primarily in dry areas AND COMPLITELY . The flexible tubing does
not maintain any permanent bend, and can flex freely.
5. UNDER GROUND CONDUIT:-
the underground conduits
Is made of p.v.c. Conduit
may be installed under-
ground between buildings,
structure or devices to
allow installation of
power and communication
cables.
An assembly of these conduits, often called a duct bank, may either be directly buried in earth, or encased in concrete A duct bank will
allow replacement of damaged cables between buildings or additional power
and communications circuits to added, without the expense of re-excavation of a trenches.
6. FAN BOX
FAN BOX:- IT IS MADE OF METAL .it is installed on the ceiling upper side of the fan. It
is directly connected to the steel of roof and completely covered
with a circular plate. Which made of wood. A metal rod is in the box
for the installation of fan. It had 6 circular holes for the conduit and
wires it’s diameter is 2 mm large to the conduit. We use it to installation
of fan.
7. DOMESTIC WIRES
THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF
CABLE WIRE USED IN RESIDENTIAL
WIRE DEPEND ON LOAD THE WIRE HAVE
OWN STRENGTH AND DEPEND ON LOAD .
GREEN WIRE USE IN EARTHING ITS DIA
IS .75MM2.
WHERE DOMESTIC INVERTOR WE USE
9MM2 THIK WIRE.
1.5 MM2 TO 400MM2 THESE WIRE ARE
USE FOR CABLE THEY CONNECTED HOME
TO ELECTRIC PIER’S.
IRON, ALUMINIUM AND COPPER ARE
MAINLY USE FOR IN WIRE.
8. Cable: conductors covered with insulation
The cable consists of three parts:
• The conductor or core- wires carrying the current
• The insulation or dielectric-the conductor is covered with insulation so
that it may prevent leakage of current from the conductor and thus
minimize the risk of fire and shock.
• The protective covering- protection from mechanical damage
WIRING CABLES
9. NUMBER OF CORES USED :
Single core cables, twin core cables, three core cables, two core with ECC (
earth continuity conductor) cables
The wires may be of single strand or multi strand.
Wires with combination of different diameters and the number of cores or
strands are available.
ACCORDING TO VOLTAGE GRADING
THE CABLES MAY BE DIVIDED INTO
TWO CLASSES:
(i) 250/440 volt cables.
(ii) 650/1,100 volt cables.
WIRING CABLES
10. MULTI STRAND CABLES:
More flexible and durable, therefore can be handled conveniently.
Surface area more, heat radiating capacity more
No of strands may be 3, 7, 19, 37, 61, 91 etc.
For example: The conductors are specified as 1/20, 3/22, 7/20 , etc.
The numerator indicates the number of strands while the denominator corresponds to
the diameter of the wire in SWG (Standard Wire Gauge). SWG 20 corresponds to a
wire of diameter 0.914mm, while SWG 22 corresponds to a wire of diameter 0.737 mm.
Application: domestic wiring
Lighting - 3/20 copper wire
Heating - 7/20 copper wire
11. INSULATION USED :
To prevent leakage of current Should have following properties:
• High resistivity
• High flexibility
• High dielectric strength
• Non-inflammability
• Non-hygroscopic
• Highly resistive to moisture, acids and alkalis
• Capacity to withstand high rupturing voltages and high temperatures without
much deterioration
No one cable can have all the above properties, hence selected according to usage.
12. INSULATION USED :
Various types of cables are:
• Vulcanized Indian Rubber (VIR) Cables
• Tough Rubber Sheathed (TRS) or Cab Type Sheathed
(CTS) Cables
• Lead Sheathed Cables
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Insulated Cables
• Weather Proof/Cables
• Flexible Cords
• Other insulations
Asbestos Silk and cotton
Enamel insulation Impregnated paper
Varnished cambric Vulcanized bitumen
14. LEAD SHEATHED CABLES:
These cables are also available in 250/440 volt grades and are used for internal wiring where climatic condition is not dry and has a little
bit moisture.
• The lead sheathed cable is a vulcanized rubber insulated conductor covered with a continuous sheath of lead.
• The lead sheath provides very good protection against the absorption of moisture and sufficient protection against mechanical injury
and so can be used without casing or conduit system.
15. POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) INSULATED CABLES :
These cables are available in 250/440 and 650/1,100 volt grades and are used in concealed wiring system.
Inert to oxygen, oil and alkalis, can be used in cement and chemical factories.
IMPREGNATED PAPER:
The three-conductor cable consists of paper insulation on each conductor. It has a spirally wrapped nonmagnetic metallic tape over the
insulation. The space between conductors is filled with a suitable spacer to round out the cable.
Another nonmagnetic metal tape is used to secure the entire. These wires should never be used for fixed wiring.
