This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English. It begins by explaining the basic structure of conditional sentences, which contain a condition and a result. It then describes four types of conditional sentences: Type 0 refers to general truths; Type 1 refers to likely possibilities; Type 2 refers to unlikely possibilities; and Type 3 refers to impossible past conditions. Examples are provided for each type. The document concludes with exercises for learners to practice forming conditional sentences in different tenses.

1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
IF- Clauses

2. Ms. MLeo/2014 2

3. Ms. MLeo/2014 3
Conditional sentences contain
a condition or situation
a result or consequence
IF

4. Ms. MLeo/2014 4
CONDITIONS AND RESULTS

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Conditionals show how one situation (the
condition) produces another (the consequence).
THE CONDITION
If John has time,
If I lived nearer,
THE CONSEQUENCE
he will call round to see you.
I could visit you more often.

6. Ms. MLeo/2014 6
IF can be at the beginning or in the
middle of the sentence.
• If we don’t hurry,
or
• We’ll be late
we’ll be late.
if we don’t hurry.

7. TYPES OF CONDITIONALS

8. Ms. MLeo/2014 8
TYPE 0
to talk about what you normally do in real-life situations;
to talk about things which are always true , such as scientific facts and general truths.
If + Simple Present, Simple Present
If you speak slowly, I can understand you.
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
I usually take a bottle of wine or some flowers
if I go to a friend's house for dinner.

9. Ms. MLeo/2014 9
TYPE 1
It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled
If + Simple Present, Future Simple
If you don’t wear a coat, you’ll be cold.
If they obey her, they won’t be punished.
She will marry him if he asks her.
We’ll be late if we don’t hurry.

10. Ms. MLeo/2014 10
TYPE 2
It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled
If + Simple Past, Conditional
If I knew her number, I would telephone her.
If I didn’t want to go, I wouldn’t.
I’d go out if it weren’t raining.

11. Ms. MLeo/2014 11
TYPE 3
It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
If + Past Perfect, Perfect Conditional
(If + had/hadn’t + p.p., would/wouldn’t have + p.p.)
If I had found her address, I would have sent her
an invitation.
Unemployment would have decreased if the
politicians had acted differently.

12. EXERCISES

13. Ms. MLeo/2014 13
A) Write the verb in the correct form
(1st Conditional)
1. If you _______ (not/explain), I won’t understand.
2. If he _______ (pass) his exam, he’ll go on to the
university.
3. If I am fired, I _______ (not/protest).
4. The streets will be full if _______ (there to be) a
demonstration.

14. Ms. MLeo/2014 14
A) SOLUTIONS
1. If you don’t explain, I won’t understand.
2. If he passes his exam, he’ll go on to the university.
3. If I am fired, I won’t protest.
4. The streets will be full if there is a demonstration.

15. Ms. MLeo/2014 15
B) Write the verb in the correct form
(2nd Conditional)
1. I f I they offered me the job, I ______________ (take) it.
2. I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I’d be very
surprised if he __________________________ (refuse).
3. Many people would be out of work if that factory
_______________ (close) down.
4. If she sold her car, she ____ (not/get) much money for it.
5. They’re expecting us. They would be disappointed if we
______________________________ (not/ come).
6. Would George be angry if I __________________ (take)
his bicycle without asking?

16. Ms. MLeo/2014 16
B) SOLUTIONS
1. If I they offered me the job, I would take it.
2. I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I’d be very
surprised if he refused.
3. Many people would be out of work if that factory closed
down.
4. If she sold her car, she wouldn’t get much money for it.
5. They’re expecting us. They would be disappointed if
we didn’t come.
6. Would George be angry if I took his bicycle without
asking?

17. C) Complete the sentences with the verbs in
the correct form (3rd Conditional).
Ms. MLeo/2014 17
1. He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving.
If he …….. asleep while driving, he … his car.
2. We couldn't go to the concert, because we didn't have enough
money.
If we … enough money, we … to the concert.
3. I lost my job because I was late for work.
I … my job if I … late for work.
He crashed his car,
bacause he fell
asleep while driving.

18. C) Solutions
Ms. MLeo/2014 18
1. He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving.
 If he hadn’t fallen asleep while driving, he wouldn’t have crashed his car.
2. We couldn't go to the concert, because we didn't have enough money.
 If we had had enough money, we would have gone to the concert.
3. I lost my job because I was late for work.
 I wouldn’t have lost my job if I hadn’t been late for work.

19. Ms. MLeo/2014 19
D) Insert the adequate tense of the verb:
1. If they ________ (not/receive) any benefits, the
exhibition wouldn’t have reopened.
2. If she is innocent, she ____ (be) absolved.
3. He ____ (not/make) so many mistakes if he listened
more carefully.
4. I wouldn’t drink so much if I ___ (be) you.
5. If he ___ (not/pay), we’ll call the police.

20. Ms. MLeo/2014 20
D) SOLUTIONS
1. If they hadn’t received any benefits, the exhibition
wouldn’t have reopened.
1. If she is innocent, she will be absolved.
2. He wouldn’t make so many mistakes if he listened
more carefully.
3. I wouldn’t drink so much if I were you.
4. If he doesn’t pay, we’ll call the police.

21. The End