1. FCE USE OF ENGLISH
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES

2. ZERO CONDITIONALS use THE PRESENT TENSE in both parts of the sentence. Both parts of the
sentence can be in either order.
CONDITION CONSEQUENCE
IF / PRESENT TENSE
If children are bored
PRESENT TENSE
They often behave badly
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES:ZERO
CONDITIONAL
WHEN THE SUN SHINES. PEOPLE FEEL HAPPY
IF YOU EAT THE RIGHT FOOD, YOU STAY HEALTHY
IF YOU HEAT ICE. IT TURNS TO WATER
Zero conditional are used to express “general truths”.

3. 1.FIRST CONDITIONAL : (POSSIBLE SITUATIONS).
The first conditional talks about possible future actions.
The verb in the main clause is the PRESENT SIMPLE
The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the future with WILL. (We can use other modal
verbs such as can/ may)
CONDITION CONSEQUENCE
IF / SIMPLE PRESENT
If I study more
WILL/CAN + INFINITIVE
I will pass my exams
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: FIRST
CONDITIONAL
IF I have enough money next year, I’ll buy a house
IF I have enough money next year, I can buy a house
Do I have real possibilities of buying a house?
YES

4.  2. SECOND CONDITIONAL (UNREAL SITUATIONS)
 The second conditional talks about imaginary or unreal situations.
 The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the SIMPLE PAST
 The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the CONDITIONAL WITH WOULD. (We can use
other modal verbs such as could/ might)
CONDITION CONSEQUENCE
IF / SIMPLE PAST
If I studied more
WOULD/ COULD + infinitive
I would pass my exams
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: 2ND
CONDITIONAL
IF I won the lotto, I’d give up work.
IF I knew to speak French, I COULD work in France.
Do I have real possibilities of giving up work?
NO

5.  3. THIRD CONDITIONAL: (CONDITIONS IN THE PAST)
 The third conditional expresses actions that could have been done in the past and it is impossible
to do it in the present because the moment passed by. These conditional clauses are called
IMPOSSIBLE conditional clauses because there’s nothing that the speaker can do to change the
situation.
 The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the PAST PERFECT
 The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the PRESENT PERFECT CONDITIONAL (WOULD
HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE)
CONDITION CONSEQUENCE
IF / HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
If I had studied more
WOULD/ COULD HAVE + PAST
PARTICIPLE
I would have passed my exams
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: 3RD
CONDITIONAL
IF I had called Tom before, he wouldn’t have come here in vane.
IF she had woken up earlier, she wouldn’t have missed the bus.
Does she have any possibility of taking the bus on time?
NO. THE ACTION IS PAST

6.  4. MIXED CONDITIONAL (2nd
and 3rd
CONDITIONALS):
 The mixed conditional is used to talk about actions that happened in the past that result in
something that isn’t true or is true in the present .
 The verb in the main clause (CONDITION) is the PAST PERFECT
 The verb in the main clause (consequence) is in the PRESENT CONDITIONAL (WOULD +
INFINITIVE)
CONDITION CONSEQUENCE
IF / HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
If you hadn’t drunk so much
yesterday
WOULD+INFINITIVE
You wouldn’t be so bad today
CONDITIONAL CLAUSES: MIXED
CONDITIONAL
IF I you hadn’t stayed late last night, you wouldn’t be tired now.

7. OTHER CONDITIONAL
CONJUNCTIONS
UNLESS
(AFFIRMATIVE CLAUSE)
IN CASE + SUBJECT+
VERB (IN ANY TENSE)
AS LONG AS
PROVIDED/PROVIDING
(THAT)
EVEN IF
(to talk about a possibility
that does
not affect the
final result of the action)

8. CONDITIONAL CONJUNTIONS
1. UNLESS:
unless has a negative meaning, so the condition has an affirmative verb:
If you don’t help me, I wont pass the exam.
UNLESS
I won’t pass the exam UNLESS you help me.
2. AS LONG AS/ PROVIDED (THAT)/ PROVIDING (THAT) + any tense.
For strong conditions. (si y solo si)
As long as you pass this exam, you will go to university.
I let you go out provided (that) you come back at twelve.

9. CONDITIONALS: PRACTICE
 She remembers Lucy’s birthday because Kate reminds her every year
 If………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 We are going to the concert because Tim comes with us
 If………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 They don’t speak to Sara since they are angry with her.
 If………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 You can’t leave if you don’t finish your homework.
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
IF KATE DIDN’T REMIND HER LUCY’S BIRTHDAY, SHE WOULDN’T REMEMBER IT
TOM DIDN’T COME WITH US WE WOULD NOT GO TO HE CONCERT
THEY WEREN’T ANGRY WITH SARA, HEY WOULD SPEAK TO HER
YOU CAN’T LEAVE UNLESS YOU FINISH YOUR HOMEWORK

10. WRITING PART 1. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION.
CONDITIONALS
• Parking is impossible if you arrive late.
It’s impossible to park…………………….……………. arrive early.
2. Buying fruit in the market is cheaper.
Fruit is cheaper……………………………………..it in the market.
3. I would buy that book for Susan, but I don’t have enough money.
If I……………………………………………….…, I’d buy that book for Susan.
4. We might miss the last train, then we’d have to walk home.
We’d have to walk home……………………………………………the last train.
5. You have a lot of shops to choose from if you go to the city.
You don’t have many shops to choose…………………………………to the city.
UNLESS YOU
IF YOU BUY
HAD (ENOUGH) MONEY
IF WE MISSED
UNLESS YOU GO