Apresentação sobre "Conditional Sentences" preparada pela Professora Erika Petiz, para os seus alunos do Colégio Espaço Aberto, sedes Bezerra de Menezes e Papicu
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As you know, teaching conditionals can be a bit tricky. What that means is that it is even more difficult to learn but especially important! So, this lesson is not recommended for beginner ELs and rather intermediate students. Students should be familiar with the basic past, present and future tenses. You should note this lesson includes a lot of content and concepts, so it is not necessary to complete it in one go. Rather, gauge how much you can get through based on a student’s proficiency and retention.
If you want additional lesson plans and support, including teachers’ notes, be sure to register for a free Off2Class account.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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5. MasterENGLISH
Grammar!
We use the Present Simple
tense to talk about the possible
present/future condition.
We use Present Simple
to talk about the possible future result.
Use first conditional when:
there is a 100% certainty
that the condition will happen.
8. 8
MasterENGLISH
Grammar!
We use the Present Simple
tense to talk about the possible
present/future condition.
We use will + base verb
to talk about the possible future result.
Use first conditional when:
there is a real possibility
that the condition will happen.
9. MasterENGLISH
Grammar!
First Conditionals-Examples
If Condition Result
Structure Present Simple will + base verb
If I see Priya, I will tell her.
If Tara is free tomorrow, he will invite her.
If
they do not pass their
exam,
their teacher will be
sad.
If it rains tomorrow, will you stay at home?
If it rains tomorrow, what will you do?
11. 11
MasterENGLISH
Grammar!
We use the Past Simple tense to
talk about the future/present condition.
We use would + base verb
to talk about the future result.
Use Second Conditional when:
there is an no real possibility
that the condition will happen.
12. MasterENGLISH
Grammar!
Second Conditionals-Examples
If Condition Result
Structure Past Simple would + base verb
If he married Sunita, he would be happy.
If Ram became rich,
she would marry
him.
If it snowed next July,
would you be
surprised?
If it snowed next July, what would you do?
14. 14
MasterENGLISH
Grammar!
We use the Past Perfect tense to talk
about the impossible past condition.
We use would have + past
participle to talk about the impossible
past result.
Use third conditional when:
both the condition and
result are impossible now.
15. MasterENGLISH
Grammar!
Third Conditionals-Examples
If Condition Result
Structure Past Perfect would have + past participle
If I had seen Mary, I would have told her.
If Tara had been free yesterday, I would have invited her.
If
they had not passed their
exam,
their teacher would
have been sad.
If it had rained yesterday,
would you have stayed
home?
If it had rained yesterday, what would you have done?
16. 16
MasterENGLISH
Grammar!
Tips for Commas
• If Tommy eats his vegetables, he will be allowed
to eat dessert.
• Even if Mom picks me up by 4:30, I won't have
time to come to your house before practice.
• If Sally is sick, she must stay home.
• Unless you finish your degree in education, you
cannot be hired as a certified teacher.
• When you leave the dog in the house, he tears
up the furniture.
When the condition comes first,
a comma is usually used after the conditional.
17. 17
MasterENGLISH
Grammar!
Tips for Commas
When the condition comes second,
no comma is needed.
• You will be allowed to listen to music during class if
you promise to complete your work.
• Turn off the computer when you are finished.
• Jill will go to the dance with him only if he asks her.
• You won't pass this class unless you study.
• The rain will turn into snow unless the temperature
rises soon.
20. As per what
you want to
become!
(& not what you are.)
Dress
Walk
Talk
&
behave
21. Our Products
1. Spoken English
2. Business English
3. English Grammar
4. IELTS / PTE / Duolingo
5. English Vocabulary Development
6. Write Better – Speak Better - English
7. Personality development
8. Short Capsule Programs
1. Corporate Training Programs
2. Training programs for Educational Institutes
23. 23
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