This document defines and provides examples of key materials science concepts including density, viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, odor, evaporation, filtration, distillation, chemical vs physical changes, chemical changes, chemical properties, and the procedures of evaporation. Examples are given to illustrate concepts like using different liquids to compare viscosity, testing the hardness of objects by scraping, and wafting objects to smell their odor. Key terms are defined, such as density using the equation D=Mass/Volume, and distillation being the separation of substances in a solution based on boiling points.
The document describes the procedure for conducting a slump test to determine the workability of a concrete mixture. The test involves mixing concrete with a ratio of 1:2:4 of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and cement. The mixture is placed in a slump cone in layers and tamped between each layer. When the cone is removed, the slump is measured as the difference between the height of the cone and the highest point of the concrete. For the sample tested, the slump was 50mm indicating medium workability. The slump test provides a simple way to check consistency and uniformity of concrete batches.
Density, (relative density) specific gravity & absorption of coarse aggre...Muhammad Saleem
1) The document describes a test conducted to determine the density, specific gravity, and absorption of coarse aggregate.
2) The test procedure involves obtaining a sample of coarse aggregate, drying it in an oven, submerging it in water, weighing it at various stages to determine density and absorption values using calculations.
3) The results of the test provide the density, specific gravity when oven dry and saturated surface dry, and absorption percentage of the coarse aggregate sample.
Done By :Professors Group
School Name :Al-Karana Independent Secondary school for Girls
Concrete : In this Module students learn the properties of Concrete and its features and contents and also knowing the different between cement and Concrete and the importance on adding reinforcement materials on Concrete samples.
Adding Plastic Waste to Concrete: in order to increase concrete strength, we add the plastic waste into the concrete Sample
We also will use the unwanted Plastic waste as recycling
The use performance of corundum brick refers to the corundum brick has the performance when used in high temperature. Including refractoriness, refractoriness under load, linear change rate, thermal shock resistance, slag resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, oxidation resistance, resistance to hydration and CO erosion resistance, etc.
1. Increase the refractoriness.
Refractoriness refers to corundum brick with non-melting performance under resistance to high temperature. Refractoriness is the basis for determining material whether can be used as a refractory brick. The international standardization organization stipulates above 1500 ℃ refractoriness of inorganic non-metallic materials is the refractory material. The significance of refractoriness and melting point is different. Can not take refractoriness as the use of corundum brick temperature. The basic factor of refractoriness to decide is chemical mineral composition and its distribution of corundum brick.
2. Increase the refractoriness under load.
Corundum brick refractoriness under load refers to the products bear constant load deformation temperature under the condition of rise temperature. It shows corundum brick the ability of resistance to high temperature and load effect, to a certain extent, indicates that products in the similar conditions of use case structure strength. The major factors that affect corundum brick refractoriness under load is the chemical mineral composition and microstructure. To improve the purity of raw materials, reduce the content of low melting or flux, increase the molding pressure, made of high density of bricks, can significantly improve products refractoriness under load.
3. Improve the thermal shock resistance
Thermal shock resistance refers to the corundum brick with damage resistance performance to the temperature change rapidly. Generally speaking, the thermal expansion rate of corundum brick is greater, thermal shock resistance is worse. The thermal conductivity of products is higher, thermal shock resistance is better, the better. In addition, the organization structure and grain composition shape and other products of corundum brick have effect on the thermal shock resistance.
Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd can provide fused cast azs block which have passed the ISO international certified. With reliable quality, competitive price and prompt delivery, Sunrise has established long-term business and cooperation relationship with many customers in different countries and regions. For any further information, Contact us, Sunrise are sincerely looking forward to establishing a long-term mutually beneficial relationship with you.
This document provides information on concrete, including:
- Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates that hardens over time into a strong building material.
- Proper mixing, placing, and curing of the concrete allows it to gain strength through a process called hydration as it ages.
- Factors like the water-cement ratio, type of aggregates, compaction, and curing affect the properties and strength of hardened concrete.
This document defines and provides examples of key materials science concepts including density, viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, odor, evaporation, filtration, distillation, chemical vs physical changes, chemical changes, chemical properties, and the procedures of evaporation. Examples are given to illustrate concepts like using different liquids to compare viscosity, testing the hardness of objects by scraping, and wafting objects to smell their odor. Key terms are defined, such as density using the equation D=Mass/Volume, and distillation being the separation of substances in a solution based on boiling points.
The document describes the procedure for conducting a slump test to determine the workability of a concrete mixture. The test involves mixing concrete with a ratio of 1:2:4 of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and cement. The mixture is placed in a slump cone in layers and tamped between each layer. When the cone is removed, the slump is measured as the difference between the height of the cone and the highest point of the concrete. For the sample tested, the slump was 50mm indicating medium workability. The slump test provides a simple way to check consistency and uniformity of concrete batches.
Density, (relative density) specific gravity & absorption of coarse aggre...Muhammad Saleem
1) The document describes a test conducted to determine the density, specific gravity, and absorption of coarse aggregate.
2) The test procedure involves obtaining a sample of coarse aggregate, drying it in an oven, submerging it in water, weighing it at various stages to determine density and absorption values using calculations.
3) The results of the test provide the density, specific gravity when oven dry and saturated surface dry, and absorption percentage of the coarse aggregate sample.
Done By :Professors Group
School Name :Al-Karana Independent Secondary school for Girls
Concrete : In this Module students learn the properties of Concrete and its features and contents and also knowing the different between cement and Concrete and the importance on adding reinforcement materials on Concrete samples.
Adding Plastic Waste to Concrete: in order to increase concrete strength, we add the plastic waste into the concrete Sample
We also will use the unwanted Plastic waste as recycling
The use performance of corundum brick refers to the corundum brick has the performance when used in high temperature. Including refractoriness, refractoriness under load, linear change rate, thermal shock resistance, slag resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, oxidation resistance, resistance to hydration and CO erosion resistance, etc.
1. Increase the refractoriness.
Refractoriness refers to corundum brick with non-melting performance under resistance to high temperature. Refractoriness is the basis for determining material whether can be used as a refractory brick. The international standardization organization stipulates above 1500 ℃ refractoriness of inorganic non-metallic materials is the refractory material. The significance of refractoriness and melting point is different. Can not take refractoriness as the use of corundum brick temperature. The basic factor of refractoriness to decide is chemical mineral composition and its distribution of corundum brick.
2. Increase the refractoriness under load.
Corundum brick refractoriness under load refers to the products bear constant load deformation temperature under the condition of rise temperature. It shows corundum brick the ability of resistance to high temperature and load effect, to a certain extent, indicates that products in the similar conditions of use case structure strength. The major factors that affect corundum brick refractoriness under load is the chemical mineral composition and microstructure. To improve the purity of raw materials, reduce the content of low melting or flux, increase the molding pressure, made of high density of bricks, can significantly improve products refractoriness under load.
3. Improve the thermal shock resistance
Thermal shock resistance refers to the corundum brick with damage resistance performance to the temperature change rapidly. Generally speaking, the thermal expansion rate of corundum brick is greater, thermal shock resistance is worse. The thermal conductivity of products is higher, thermal shock resistance is better, the better. In addition, the organization structure and grain composition shape and other products of corundum brick have effect on the thermal shock resistance.
Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd can provide fused cast azs block which have passed the ISO international certified. With reliable quality, competitive price and prompt delivery, Sunrise has established long-term business and cooperation relationship with many customers in different countries and regions. For any further information, Contact us, Sunrise are sincerely looking forward to establishing a long-term mutually beneficial relationship with you.
This document provides information on concrete, including:
- Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates that hardens over time into a strong building material.
- Proper mixing, placing, and curing of the concrete allows it to gain strength through a process called hydration as it ages.
- Factors like the water-cement ratio, type of aggregates, compaction, and curing affect the properties and strength of hardened concrete.
This document defines matter and describes various physical properties of matter including conductivity, malleability, viscosity and solubility. It classifies matter as elements, compounds, homogeneous or heterogeneous substances and mixtures. It distinguishes between extensive properties that depend on amount and intensive properties that do not. Physical changes are described as changes in shape or phase that do not create new substances.
Done by Group: Wakrag_Methane8
School: Al Wakra Independent School for Girls
Composites Module: Students discover what composite materials are and test them to learn their advantages over pure materials. Finally, at the end of the workshop, they design new composite materials.
This project: Students design fire Jacket that help children during fire rescue.
This test measures the compressive strength of concrete cubes made and cured according to specific standards. It provides a measure of quality control by testing one property, compressive strength, but results can vary depending on test conditions like specimen size and loading rate. The document outlines how to conduct compression tests on concrete cubes to determine if the concrete meets design specifications. Cubes are made, cured, weighed, and tested for compressive strength at various ages to see how strength develops over time. Detailed procedures are provided for casting, curing, operating the compression machine, and analyzing results.
This document summarizes tests performed on fresh and hardened concrete. For fresh concrete, tests included the compaction factor test, slump test, and Vee-Bee test to measure workability. For hardened concrete, non-destructive tests like rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity and destructive compression tests were performed. The compression test resulted in a compressive strength of 19.39MPa, lower than desired, indicating the quality of the hardened concrete. Various properties of hardened concrete can also be analyzed over time using smart sensor chips embedded in samples.
Properties of fresh and Hardened ConcreteVijay RAWAT
The document discusses various properties of fresh and hardened concrete. It describes workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, mixing, placing, consolidating, and curing of fresh concrete. It also discusses compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, permeability, and durability of hardened concrete. The key properties of fresh concrete include workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, setting time, and uniformity. Compressive strength is identified as the most important property of hardened concrete.
This document describes the compacting factor test procedure and factors that affect concrete strength.
1. The compacting factor test determines the workability of freshly mixed concrete by comparing the weight of partially and fully compacted concrete in a cylinder.
2. The procedure involves mixing concrete and water/cement, allowing the concrete to fall through hoppers and into a cylinder, where it is weighed in a partially and fully compacted state.
3. The compacting factor is calculated and indicates the consistency/workability, from very dry to high liquid. Factors like relative humidity, water/cement ratio, and temperature affect concrete strength development.
The document discusses density and how it relates to whether an object will sink or float in a liquid. It defines density as mass divided by volume and provides examples of calculating density using measurements of mass and volume. It explains that an object will sink if it has a higher density than the liquid, and float if it has a lower density. Examples are given of stones and glass sinking in water while ice cubes and cork float, and a table lists densities of substances to determine which would float in petrol.
The document outlines several activities conducted by a group of students exploring composite materials, including testing how adding tissues to water affects how ice breaks, examining everyday objects made of pure and composite materials, and designing and testing foam composites of varying strength and stiffness. It also describes a final project to design a fishing pole and cover a water tank in concrete as a composite material to protect it from sunlight and damage.
The document describes conducting a slump test to determine the workability of concrete. A slump test measures the consistency or ability of fresh concrete to flow without segregation. Consistency is expressed by the amount of subsidence or "slump" of a concrete sample when a slump cone is lifted. A higher slump indicates more workable concrete suitable for tasks like beams and slabs, while a lower slump is suitable for road work. The test results will be affected by factors like the water-cement ratio.
This document describes a process for manufacturing hollow axially symmetrical bodies like tubes from synthetic resins. The key steps involve:
1) Spinning a hardenable synthetic resin in liquid/flowable form inside a mold while applying centrifugal force.
2) Interposing a liquid supporting layer between the resin and mold interior, where the supporting liquid has a higher specific gravity than the resin.
3) Allowing the resin to harden into a rigid shape during spinning.
This process allows producing tubes that are internally smooth with a truly cylindrical shape and uniform wall thickness without needing a mandrel.
This document describes improvements in the manufacture of hollow axially symmetrical bodies such as tubes from synthetic resins. The process involves spinning a hardenable synthetic resin in a mould while interposing an inert liquid supporting layer between the resin and mould interior to prevent adhesion. This allows the production of tubes that are internally smooth with a truly cylindrical shape and uniform wall thickness throughout the length.
The document discusses different types of matter and mixtures. It defines pure substances as either elements or compounds, which are made of only one type of particle. Elements cannot be broken down further, while compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures maintain the chemical identities of their components and can be separated. Homogeneous mixtures like solutions are uniform throughout, while heterogeneous mixtures have distinct phases. Several processes are described for separating substances based on differences in properties like solubility, boiling point, or mass.
This document discusses various properties of hardened concrete, including its strength and stress-strain behavior. It describes how compressive, tensile, and splitting tensile strengths are measured through standard tests. The compressive strength of concrete is influenced by factors like the water-cement ratio, degree of compaction, cement type, and curing method. The stress-strain curve for concrete is nonlinear, and its modulus of elasticity can be defined using different methods. The document also covers creep and shrinkage in concrete, how they occur over time, and their effects on structural integrity.
Making and curing concrete test specimens in theFarrukh Khan
This document provides guidance on making and curing concrete test specimens in the field according to ASTM C 31/C 31M. It describes why test specimens are made, including for acceptance testing of specified strength, checking mixture proportions, and quality control. The key steps covered are: making specimens using molds, consolidating the concrete through rodding and vibration, finishing, initial curing within 48 hours at 16-27°C, final curing by maintaining moisture on the surface at 23°C, and transporting specimens only after 8 hours without jarring or temperature extremes to prevent damage.
Hello, My name is Saidul Islam. I am a student of Stamford University Bangladesh. It is my varsity presentration. Here halp our course teacher , so I made it too largest. Here you got details in concrete. we are finish those work.
This document describes procedures for conducting a compacting factor test of concrete. It involves the following steps:
1. Greasing the compacting factor apparatus and weighing the empty cylinder.
2. Mixing concrete with a specific water-cement ratio and filling the upper hopper.
3. Allowing the concrete to fall into the cylinder to achieve partial compaction.
4. Filling and vibrating the cylinder in layers to achieve full compaction and weighing.
5. Calculating the compaction factor using the weights.
The document discusses physical properties that can be used to identify and separate mixtures. It describes viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting and boiling points, and density. These properties can help determine which of two unlabeled liquids is water and which is lemonade. They also aid in separating mixtures through filtration and distillation based on particle size and boiling points.
The document discusses the properties of fresh concrete, including workability, consistency, and factors that affect them. It defines workability as the effort required to manipulate fresh concrete with minimum segregation. Consistency refers to a concrete's ease of flow and cohesiveness. Tests are described for measuring properties like slump, ball penetration, density, and air content. Maintaining adequate workability and consistency is important for proper transport, placement, compaction and finishing of concrete.
Strength of concrete (for civil engineering) laxman singh
i have made all the slide for civil engineering and poly diploma civil.
these are 100% correct but in case of some error comment down or contact me on (laxmans227@gmail.com)
follow me for all updates
if u have any doubt fell free to ask on comment section
i upload new slides every sunday,
so keep calm and follow me(now).
software - power point presentation 2015
This document describes procedures for determining the slump of fresh concrete. It discusses how slump is measured to determine the workability of concrete, with higher slumps indicating better workability. The procedures describe how to prepare a concrete mix, fill a slump cone mould, compact the concrete, then measure the amount the concrete subsides after lifting the cone to obtain the slump measurement. Slump is affected by the water-cement ratio, with higher ratios producing higher slumps. The document also gives sample results showing different slumps obtained for different mix proportions.
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the strength of internally cured concrete using super absorbent polymers (SAP). Concrete mixtures were designed with different percentages of SAP as an internal curing agent to replace external curing. Specimens were tested to determine compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at various curing periods. The results showed that concrete with 0.35% SAP provided better workability and 2% higher strength than conventionally externally cured concrete, indicating that internal curing using SAP can improve concrete properties without external curing.
This document discusses curing of concrete, which involves maintaining moisture content and temperature to allow desired properties to develop. Proper curing increases strength, durability, and resistance to damage. It describes the hydration process where water reacts with cement compounds. A minimum of 38% water by weight of cement is needed for full hydration. Self-curing concrete uses chemicals to retain mixing water and prevent drying. Membrane-forming compounds form films on concrete surfaces that reduce evaporation and allow curing without applied water. Different types of compounds and their application procedures are outlined.
This document defines matter and describes various physical properties of matter including conductivity, malleability, viscosity and solubility. It classifies matter as elements, compounds, homogeneous or heterogeneous substances and mixtures. It distinguishes between extensive properties that depend on amount and intensive properties that do not. Physical changes are described as changes in shape or phase that do not create new substances.
Done by Group: Wakrag_Methane8
School: Al Wakra Independent School for Girls
Composites Module: Students discover what composite materials are and test them to learn their advantages over pure materials. Finally, at the end of the workshop, they design new composite materials.
This project: Students design fire Jacket that help children during fire rescue.
This test measures the compressive strength of concrete cubes made and cured according to specific standards. It provides a measure of quality control by testing one property, compressive strength, but results can vary depending on test conditions like specimen size and loading rate. The document outlines how to conduct compression tests on concrete cubes to determine if the concrete meets design specifications. Cubes are made, cured, weighed, and tested for compressive strength at various ages to see how strength develops over time. Detailed procedures are provided for casting, curing, operating the compression machine, and analyzing results.
This document summarizes tests performed on fresh and hardened concrete. For fresh concrete, tests included the compaction factor test, slump test, and Vee-Bee test to measure workability. For hardened concrete, non-destructive tests like rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity and destructive compression tests were performed. The compression test resulted in a compressive strength of 19.39MPa, lower than desired, indicating the quality of the hardened concrete. Various properties of hardened concrete can also be analyzed over time using smart sensor chips embedded in samples.
Properties of fresh and Hardened ConcreteVijay RAWAT
The document discusses various properties of fresh and hardened concrete. It describes workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, mixing, placing, consolidating, and curing of fresh concrete. It also discusses compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, permeability, and durability of hardened concrete. The key properties of fresh concrete include workability, consistency, segregation, bleeding, setting time, and uniformity. Compressive strength is identified as the most important property of hardened concrete.
This document describes the compacting factor test procedure and factors that affect concrete strength.
1. The compacting factor test determines the workability of freshly mixed concrete by comparing the weight of partially and fully compacted concrete in a cylinder.
2. The procedure involves mixing concrete and water/cement, allowing the concrete to fall through hoppers and into a cylinder, where it is weighed in a partially and fully compacted state.
3. The compacting factor is calculated and indicates the consistency/workability, from very dry to high liquid. Factors like relative humidity, water/cement ratio, and temperature affect concrete strength development.
The document discusses density and how it relates to whether an object will sink or float in a liquid. It defines density as mass divided by volume and provides examples of calculating density using measurements of mass and volume. It explains that an object will sink if it has a higher density than the liquid, and float if it has a lower density. Examples are given of stones and glass sinking in water while ice cubes and cork float, and a table lists densities of substances to determine which would float in petrol.
The document outlines several activities conducted by a group of students exploring composite materials, including testing how adding tissues to water affects how ice breaks, examining everyday objects made of pure and composite materials, and designing and testing foam composites of varying strength and stiffness. It also describes a final project to design a fishing pole and cover a water tank in concrete as a composite material to protect it from sunlight and damage.
The document describes conducting a slump test to determine the workability of concrete. A slump test measures the consistency or ability of fresh concrete to flow without segregation. Consistency is expressed by the amount of subsidence or "slump" of a concrete sample when a slump cone is lifted. A higher slump indicates more workable concrete suitable for tasks like beams and slabs, while a lower slump is suitable for road work. The test results will be affected by factors like the water-cement ratio.
This document describes a process for manufacturing hollow axially symmetrical bodies like tubes from synthetic resins. The key steps involve:
1) Spinning a hardenable synthetic resin in liquid/flowable form inside a mold while applying centrifugal force.
2) Interposing a liquid supporting layer between the resin and mold interior, where the supporting liquid has a higher specific gravity than the resin.
3) Allowing the resin to harden into a rigid shape during spinning.
This process allows producing tubes that are internally smooth with a truly cylindrical shape and uniform wall thickness without needing a mandrel.
This document describes improvements in the manufacture of hollow axially symmetrical bodies such as tubes from synthetic resins. The process involves spinning a hardenable synthetic resin in a mould while interposing an inert liquid supporting layer between the resin and mould interior to prevent adhesion. This allows the production of tubes that are internally smooth with a truly cylindrical shape and uniform wall thickness throughout the length.
The document discusses different types of matter and mixtures. It defines pure substances as either elements or compounds, which are made of only one type of particle. Elements cannot be broken down further, while compounds are made of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures maintain the chemical identities of their components and can be separated. Homogeneous mixtures like solutions are uniform throughout, while heterogeneous mixtures have distinct phases. Several processes are described for separating substances based on differences in properties like solubility, boiling point, or mass.
This document discusses various properties of hardened concrete, including its strength and stress-strain behavior. It describes how compressive, tensile, and splitting tensile strengths are measured through standard tests. The compressive strength of concrete is influenced by factors like the water-cement ratio, degree of compaction, cement type, and curing method. The stress-strain curve for concrete is nonlinear, and its modulus of elasticity can be defined using different methods. The document also covers creep and shrinkage in concrete, how they occur over time, and their effects on structural integrity.
Making and curing concrete test specimens in theFarrukh Khan
This document provides guidance on making and curing concrete test specimens in the field according to ASTM C 31/C 31M. It describes why test specimens are made, including for acceptance testing of specified strength, checking mixture proportions, and quality control. The key steps covered are: making specimens using molds, consolidating the concrete through rodding and vibration, finishing, initial curing within 48 hours at 16-27°C, final curing by maintaining moisture on the surface at 23°C, and transporting specimens only after 8 hours without jarring or temperature extremes to prevent damage.
Hello, My name is Saidul Islam. I am a student of Stamford University Bangladesh. It is my varsity presentration. Here halp our course teacher , so I made it too largest. Here you got details in concrete. we are finish those work.
This document describes procedures for conducting a compacting factor test of concrete. It involves the following steps:
1. Greasing the compacting factor apparatus and weighing the empty cylinder.
2. Mixing concrete with a specific water-cement ratio and filling the upper hopper.
3. Allowing the concrete to fall into the cylinder to achieve partial compaction.
4. Filling and vibrating the cylinder in layers to achieve full compaction and weighing.
5. Calculating the compaction factor using the weights.
The document discusses physical properties that can be used to identify and separate mixtures. It describes viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting and boiling points, and density. These properties can help determine which of two unlabeled liquids is water and which is lemonade. They also aid in separating mixtures through filtration and distillation based on particle size and boiling points.
The document discusses the properties of fresh concrete, including workability, consistency, and factors that affect them. It defines workability as the effort required to manipulate fresh concrete with minimum segregation. Consistency refers to a concrete's ease of flow and cohesiveness. Tests are described for measuring properties like slump, ball penetration, density, and air content. Maintaining adequate workability and consistency is important for proper transport, placement, compaction and finishing of concrete.
Strength of concrete (for civil engineering) laxman singh
i have made all the slide for civil engineering and poly diploma civil.
these are 100% correct but in case of some error comment down or contact me on (laxmans227@gmail.com)
follow me for all updates
if u have any doubt fell free to ask on comment section
i upload new slides every sunday,
so keep calm and follow me(now).
software - power point presentation 2015
This document describes procedures for determining the slump of fresh concrete. It discusses how slump is measured to determine the workability of concrete, with higher slumps indicating better workability. The procedures describe how to prepare a concrete mix, fill a slump cone mould, compact the concrete, then measure the amount the concrete subsides after lifting the cone to obtain the slump measurement. Slump is affected by the water-cement ratio, with higher ratios producing higher slumps. The document also gives sample results showing different slumps obtained for different mix proportions.
This document presents the results of an experimental investigation on the strength of internally cured concrete using super absorbent polymers (SAP). Concrete mixtures were designed with different percentages of SAP as an internal curing agent to replace external curing. Specimens were tested to determine compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at various curing periods. The results showed that concrete with 0.35% SAP provided better workability and 2% higher strength than conventionally externally cured concrete, indicating that internal curing using SAP can improve concrete properties without external curing.
This document discusses curing of concrete, which involves maintaining moisture content and temperature to allow desired properties to develop. Proper curing increases strength, durability, and resistance to damage. It describes the hydration process where water reacts with cement compounds. A minimum of 38% water by weight of cement is needed for full hydration. Self-curing concrete uses chemicals to retain mixing water and prevent drying. Membrane-forming compounds form films on concrete surfaces that reduce evaporation and allow curing without applied water. Different types of compounds and their application procedures are outlined.
Curing concrete involves maintaining moisture and temperature levels after placement to allow for proper hydration and hardening. Key curing methods include water curing through ponding, spraying or covering, as well as membrane curing when water is limited. Applying heat through steam curing can accelerate strength development but requires maintaining moisture. Proper curing for at least 7 days is important to ensure concrete reaches its designed strength and durability properties.
This document discusses self-curing concrete, which aims to provide internal moisture to allow for continued hydration of cement without external curing methods. It outlines that self-curing concrete uses saturated lightweight aggregate or polyethylene glycol to reduce moisture loss from the concrete surface. An experimental program tested the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of concrete mixes with varying dosages of polyethylene glycol added. The optimum dosages were found to be 1% for a M20 mix and 0.5% for a M40 mix, and self-curing concrete achieved strengths comparable to conventionally cured concrete.
Curing & prefabrication of concrete structures@hemadurgarao-IIIT Nuzvidhema3366
Curing concrete is an important process to ensure proper hydration of cement and development of strength. There are various curing methods like immersion, ponding, spraying, wet covering, and membrane curing. Membrane curing uses plastic sheeting or compounds to seal in moisture. Steam curing at higher temperatures accelerates strength gain but can cause retrogression of strength with fast hydration. Prefabricated construction involves dividing construction into standardized parts that are mass produced in a plant and assembled on site. This allows for parallel production, reduced time, and standardization.
Shah Rushabh Hemant (Roll No. 852) discusses curing of concrete. Curing involves maintaining moisture content and temperature to allow for proper hydration of cement. Methods include ponding, fog spraying, and steam curing. The objectives are to reduce shrinkage and maintain strength, impermeability, and durability. Curing should continue for at least 7 days, and up to 21 days in cold weather. Proper curing results in higher quality concrete.
Nanotechnology offers possibilities to greatly improve concrete by controlling matter at the nanoscale. When added to concrete, nanomaterials like silica, titanium oxide, alumina and clays can enhance the material's properties by strengthening its binding phase and improving resistance to environmental attacks. Techniques like atomic force microscopy and focused ion beam imaging allow analysis of concrete's nanostructure to optimize performance. However, high costs, health effects, and lack of expertise remain challenges that must be addressed before nanotechnology's full benefits can be realized in concrete applications.
NONOTECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.ppt(SHYAM SHUBHAM)Chandrapal Singh
Nanotechnology can be used to improve concrete and steel materials for civil engineering projects. [1] Nanoparticles like carbon nanotubes, nano-silica, and TiO2 can modify the molecular structure of concrete to enhance its properties when added in small quantities. [2] TiO2 provides self-cleaning properties when added to concrete. [3] Nanotechnology also allows for developing high-strength steel cables and bolts that can withstand higher temperatures than conventional materials.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on nano concrete. It introduces nanotechnology and how it can improve concrete properties when nano particles are added. Specific nano materials discussed that are used in concrete include carbon nanotubes, nano-silica, and polycarboxylates. The results shown include increased compression strength up to 90MPa in 28 days. The advantages listed are higher strength concrete that uses less additives and cement. Disadvantages include limited availability and means to produce nano materials currently. In conclusion, well dispersed nano particles can increase concrete viscosity, strength, and bond between cement and aggregates.
Nano technology involves manipulating materials at the nanometer scale to develop new large scale materials with improved properties. In civil engineering, nano technology is being applied to concrete, glass, steel, and coatings to enhance strength, durability, and other qualities. Some applications include using nano silica to strengthen concrete, titanium dioxide to provide self-cleaning and anti-microbial properties to surfaces, and carbon nanotubes to reinforce cement and increase its mechanical properties. Nano technology shows promise for significantly advancing materials used in civil engineering construction and infrastructure.
Nano concrete is a type of concrete made with portland cement particles smaller than 500nm as the binding agent. Adding nano materials like carbon nanotubes, nano-silica, and polycarboxylates can improve properties of conventional concrete such as increasing compressive strength, reducing water needs, and improving workability. Nano concrete produces stronger, more durable concrete and reduces environmental impact by requiring less cement and additives.
Use of Waste Materials As a replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete MixNitin Yadav
The document discusses the use of waste materials in concrete. It outlines the objectives of reducing waste and finding alternative materials for construction. Three waste materials are examined: e-waste, rubber tire waste, and coconut shell waste. Their properties like water absorption and specific gravity are tested. Previous research on using these wastes in concrete is summarized. Experiments are described to determine properties of materials. A concrete mix design is provided with the goal of achieving 25MPa compressive strength. The document aims to explore sustainable and economical use of waste in construction materials.
Nanotechnology offers possibilities to improve materials used in civil engineering. At the nanoscale, materials demonstrate new properties. Concrete can be made stronger and more durable using nano-silica and carbon nanotubes. Steel can incorporate nanoparticles to increase strength and resistance to fatigue and corrosion. Titanium dioxide and carbon nanotubes make glass self-cleaning. Nanoparticles in coatings provide insulation and hydrophobicity. While costs are currently high, nanotechnology research aims to advance sustainability in the construction industry by developing higher performance, longer lasting materials.
fly ash and rubber in concrete ( eco-friendly concrete)Koppolu Abishek
This study investigated the effects of partially replacing cement with fly ash and coarse aggregate with rubber chips in concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with 0%, 10%, and 20% fly ash replacement of cement and 5% rubber chip replacement of coarse aggregate. Fresh and hardened properties were tested. Test results found that 5% rubber replacement slightly reduced compressive strength compared to normal concrete. However, increasing fly ash content from 10% to 20% improved mechanical properties of the rubberized concrete. Therefore, partial replacement of cement with fly ash and coarse aggregate with rubber chips has potential to produce concrete with comparable strength to normal concrete while utilizing waste materials.
The document discusses polymers and several activities conducted with polymers. It then describes a design project to create a humidity sensor using a polymer film. It also outlines a project to develop self-healing electrical cables using a self-healing polymer. The polymer would be synthesized in the cable's outer layer to prevent cutting and maintain the cable's function for longer by protecting against electricity leakage. Testing is still needed to confirm the durability of this application, which could also be extended to other electrical equipment. In conclusion, polymers have various properties and uses that can help solve problems when applied in daily life.
1) The document outlines activities done by students exploring polymers, including changing polymer pellets, identifying polymers in products, and experiments on viscosity and strength of polymer films.
2) The students designed a humidity sensor using a polymer film that changes color with humidity.
3) They proposed developing an anti-microbial medical gown by adding an anti-microbial polymer to areas with most patient contact, to reduce microbial transmission and contamination. They hypothesized this polymer would improve gown properties and resistance to infection.
This document is an outline for an AL-Bairaq module on polymers and their properties. It includes an introduction to polymers, descriptions of 4 hands-on activities exploring polymer properties, and a design project to create a humidity sensor using polymer films. It also includes a section on a proposed project to install piezoelectric PVDF polymer membranes in streets to generate electricity from passing vehicles. The document concludes with recommendations for further research on improving the street paving project and implementing it in Qatar.
(1) The document discusses polymers and their properties. It describes activities where students explored changing polymer pellets, identifying polymer products, comparing liquid viscosity, and testing polymer film strength.
(2) It then details a student design project to create a humidity sensor using a polymer film that changes color with humidity levels.
(3) The document proposes using hydrophobic polymers for medicine packaging to extend drug shelf lives by preventing moisture absorption, a common cause of products failing specifications. It suggests further research is needed to develop this packaging approach.
The document outlines a student's project for an Al-Bairaq program where they studied polymers, conducted experiments on polymer properties, and designed a humidity sensor using a polymer film. Their final project was designing a healing bandage using natural polymers like honey and cyperus, with the hypothesis that these would aid the healing process. The student concludes they gained presentation, research, and problem-solving skills from their experience in the Al-Bairaq program.
The document outlines a student project to design a degradable fishing net made from polylactic acid (PLA) polymer. The students conducted activities to learn about natural and synthetic polymers. They explored how polymer weight and concentration affects viscosity. Their fishing net design uses PLA, which degrades within 6-24 months when exposed to ocean environments, compared to hundreds of years for conventional plastics. The students conclude that converting fishing gear to biodegradable materials like PLA would help protect marine life and reduce plastic pollution.
The document summarizes several activities completed by students as part of an AL-Bairaq program exploring polymers. The activities examined properties of polymers like changing polymer pellets, identifying polymer products, and testing viscosity and strength of polymer films. The students also designed a humidity sensor using polymer film. Their final design project was an anti-microbial toothbrush using the polymer polyethylene glycol in the bristles to inhibit bacterial growth and reduce bacteria on toothbrushes. The students recommend further research into other anti-microbial polymers and improving their toothbrush design idea. Overall, the program helped students learn about various polymer applications and properties.
This document summarizes activities and a design project exploring polymers. It discusses:
- Activity exploring how polymer pellets change and hunting for polymer products.
- Activities comparing viscosity of liquids and testing strength of polymer films.
- A design project to create a humidity sensor using a polymer film that changes color with humidity.
- A project to generate electricity by inserting piezoelectric polymer films under keyboard keys. The project aims to reduce energy consumption and hypotheses that pressing the keys will generate voltage.
The document describes a student project exploring composite materials. It includes 4 activities where students tested different types of ice and foam composites to understand strength and stiffness. Based on their learnings, the students designed safety sports socks with layers of different composite materials like memory foam and bubble wrap to protect athletes' knees and ankles from injuries. The socks aim to help players in soccer and other sports prevent leg injuries. The students believe their low-cost composite sock design could benefit many athletes if adopted.
1) The document presents a student project exploring composite materials and designing a shockproof tablet case from recycled rubber.
2) The project involved activities testing different types of ice and foam composites to evaluate strength and stiffness.
3) The proposed product is a shockproof and durable tablet case made from recycled vehicle tire rubber combined with carbon fibers, solving the dual problems of electronic device protection and waste recycling.
This document summarizes a student project exploring composite materials. The students tested different types of ice and foam composites to understand strength and stiffness. They then designed a fishing pole using composite materials. For their final project, the students proposed creating a dirt-resistant wallpaper using recycled polypropylene and rubber materials. They believe this wallpaper would be easy to clean and help beautify homes in Qatar while reusing waste materials. The students concluded they learned about composite properties and applications through hands-on activities and designing a new product.
1) The document describes a student project exploring composite materials. It defines composites as materials made of two or more components that have different properties and produce an overall material with different properties than the individual parts.
2) The students conducted activities testing the strength of different types of ice and exploring composite materials in everyday objects. They also explored the difference between strength and stiffness of materials.
3) For their design project, the students came up with the idea of a wire insulating composite resin that can seal cuts in electrical wires to prevent electrical shock by being waterproof, flexible, and insulating. They produced successful composite resin samples and propose it as an economical solution.
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Concrete, Super Absorbent concrete IDM10
1. Al Bairaq
I am discovering materials (10)
Concrete
Zubida Pioneers
Lobna Maha
Maryam Aisha
2. Hunting for
objects made of
concrete
Comparing the hardening of
different kind of cement by
adding salt and sugar مقارنة
الملح إضافة طريق عن األسمنت من مختلف نوع تصلب
والسكر.
Comparing
densities of
mixed
aggregate at
samples كثافة وبمقارنة
العينات في المختلط الركام من
Testing properties of
Concrete (Breaking
Concrete)
صبكسرها و القوالب
Product Idea
الفكره
Introduction:
3. What is the difference
between concrete
and cement ?
Introduction
4. تعريفاإلسمنت:
الملمس الناعمة المادة تلك هو
التصلد قابلية لها التي المسحوقة
الماء وجود في والتجميد.
Cement definition:
That is the soft texture of crushed
material which have the ability
hardening and freezing in the
presence of water.
الخرسانة:
غير خليط عن عبارة هي
الركام من متجانس(الحصمة)و
بعض مع والماء األسمنت
بعض اضافة يمكن و الفراغات
األخرى المواد(المضافات)
معينة خواص على للحصول. kk
Concrete : It is a heterogeneous
mixture of aggregates (gravel) and
cement and water with some
blanks and can add some other
materials (additives) for certain
properties.
6. Comparing the hardening of
different kind of cement by
adding salt and sugar نوع تصلب مقارنة
والسكر الملح إضافة طريق عن األسمنت من مختلف.
7. Samples Cement water Salt Sugar
A 200g 100ml …………………… …………………
B 200g 100ml 6g …………………
C 200g 100ml …………………….. 3g
8. Result :
Samples Temperature Hardening Conclusion
A
It increased
and then
decreased,
then constant.
Quickly ………..
B
It Increased
and then
decreased,
then constant.
Faster
The salt acting
as positive
catalyst.
C
The
temperature
dropped and
then remained
constant.
very slow
The sugar was
acting as
negative
catalyst
12. Result :
samples Densities Hardening Water
A Small density So weak Break without water
E Average density Weak Break with adding
water 2.1 Kg
E.R the bigger
density
The strongest Break with adding
7.4 Kg
18. Maintain traffic safety as the rainwater
gathered in the streets, curbing the
movement of traffic and many cause
accidents as well as the idea of the
project allows a fast and mobile
solution in the event of heavy rains in
remote locations.
We hope that this idea be
applied all over the world. It
needs to be further
investigated.
Conclusion:
Advantages: