The document discusses the concept of Shodhana in Ayurveda. It defines Shodhana as the cleansing or elimination of vitiated doshas from the body. It lists the five main types of Shodhana procedures as Niruha basti, Vamana, Virechana, Nasya, and Rakta mokshana. The benefits of properly performed Shodhana include complete cure of disease, increased strength and complexion, and long life. The best seasons for Shodhana are Sharad, Vasanta, and Pravrit according to Ayurvedic texts.
The concept of pathya apathya w.s.r. to charak samhitabrijeshbhu
Ayurveda has holistic and scientific approach in health management. It emphasizes much more on diet and regimen along with medicines. The diet and regimen which is beneficial to the body and gives the happiness to the mind is known as Pathya and opposite to that is known as Apathya. Most of the health problems develop due to the faulty eating habits and regimen. Ayurveda deals with the pathya vyavastha (planning of diet- dietetics) in a very scientific way. The planning of diet mentioned in our classical literature is very rational and based on certain principles. Lot of importance is given to the diet with regard to its processing, quality, quantity and so on.
Due consideration is given to the atmosphere, psychological condition, status of health, digestion etc. of the person while dealing with this issue. The diet should also be planned according to the age, season, habitat and the preference of the person.
The concept of pathya apathya w.s.r. to charak samhitabrijeshbhu
Ayurveda has holistic and scientific approach in health management. It emphasizes much more on diet and regimen along with medicines. The diet and regimen which is beneficial to the body and gives the happiness to the mind is known as Pathya and opposite to that is known as Apathya. Most of the health problems develop due to the faulty eating habits and regimen. Ayurveda deals with the pathya vyavastha (planning of diet- dietetics) in a very scientific way. The planning of diet mentioned in our classical literature is very rational and based on certain principles. Lot of importance is given to the diet with regard to its processing, quality, quantity and so on.
Due consideration is given to the atmosphere, psychological condition, status of health, digestion etc. of the person while dealing with this issue. The diet should also be planned according to the age, season, habitat and the preference of the person.
Ayurveda a Food Science perfectly deals with the different kinds of food preparation which can be utilized in day to day life according to prakritti(basic constitution), desha(place), dosha(humors), kala(time).
Trividha chikitsa in manasa roga by Dr soumya patil.pptxDr Soumya Patil
TRIVIDHA CHIKITSA IN MANASA ROGA
A/ c WHO
Health is is defined as state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.
Ayurveda emphasizes its treatment in three aspects such as daivavyapashraya , yuktivyapashraya and satvavajaya
this is an ppt presentation by dr.b.arun kumar, who is working as a lecturer in MNR ayurvedic medical college, sangareddy, near hyderabad. in this presentation i given all details of virechana karma.
shotha nidana, poorva roopa, roopa, upashaya, samprapthi, chikitsa according to charaka, sushrutha, ashtanga hridaya, ashtanga sangaraha
you can get detail description on shotha from this presentation.
This method of Gandhaka shodhana is done by puta method. slide describes the process and benefit of this process over other processes of gandhaka shodhana. Hope so it will be useful for ayurveda scholars.
Ayurveda a Food Science perfectly deals with the different kinds of food preparation which can be utilized in day to day life according to prakritti(basic constitution), desha(place), dosha(humors), kala(time).
Trividha chikitsa in manasa roga by Dr soumya patil.pptxDr Soumya Patil
TRIVIDHA CHIKITSA IN MANASA ROGA
A/ c WHO
Health is is defined as state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.
Ayurveda emphasizes its treatment in three aspects such as daivavyapashraya , yuktivyapashraya and satvavajaya
this is an ppt presentation by dr.b.arun kumar, who is working as a lecturer in MNR ayurvedic medical college, sangareddy, near hyderabad. in this presentation i given all details of virechana karma.
shotha nidana, poorva roopa, roopa, upashaya, samprapthi, chikitsa according to charaka, sushrutha, ashtanga hridaya, ashtanga sangaraha
you can get detail description on shotha from this presentation.
This method of Gandhaka shodhana is done by puta method. slide describes the process and benefit of this process over other processes of gandhaka shodhana. Hope so it will be useful for ayurveda scholars.
Basic Understanding of Panchakarma. Understanding the Myths about Panchakarma. Practical and applied aspects of Panchakarma. Practical difficulties of Panchakarma. Clinical Experience on Varies Panchakarma Procedures.
Panchkarma Treatment PPT.
Pancha means FIVE
Karma means actions or procedures
Treatments in Ayurveda are classified into two groups:
Shamana Chikitsa (Pacification therapy)
Shodhana Chikitsa (Purification therapy)
Pancha Karma is classified as “Shodhana Chikitsa”
(purification/detoxification procedure)
Gandhaka (Sulphur) is an important element in Rasa Shastra. It found its use for dhatuvada as well as dehavada. Current slide emphasis use of Gandhaka in clinical practice as mentioned by Rasa Tarangani.
snayu are rope like fibrous structures which help to binds together the mamsa, asthi & medas in joints & different structures of the body and maintain the body postures by providing weight carrying capacity.
No living being in this world is immortal , death is certain this day or other . But death can be delayed by eradicating diseases . Dehavedha is the important concept in Rasasastra , where the disease susceptible , mortal body can be transformed into an endurable disease free body , thereby granting longevity and divinity.
The word parihara states that avoidance of apathy a (bad diet/regimen) during and after shodhana. The Ahara and Vihara must be avoided during and after shodhana karma is called as parihara vishaya.During panchakarma therapies one should avoid excessive sitting, standing, speaking and riding, sleep
during day time, sexual intercourse, suppression of natural urges, cooling regimens, exposure to sun, grief,
anger and intake of untimely and unwholesome food.
Samsarjana krama explains about diet sequence in which persons should adopt the healthy diet
from laghu aahara (light diet) to guru ahara (heavy diet) in order to increase agni.
Samhita Adhyayan - 1st Profession, Charak Samhita Sutrastan's 2nd Chatushka - Swastha chatuska and 5th Chapter- Matrashitya Adhyay's 2nd topic Swasthavrut Varnan in relation to the Shalakya Tantra.
It includes a Breif description of Nasya and Dhumapana in Contex to Daily Regiman.
A brief description includes:
Definition, Synonyms, Mode of Actions, Types, Advantages, Indications, Contraindications, Theraputic Procedures and Procedure Videos.
this chapter deals with the Ayurveda granthas.and explained in details about desciple of Agnivesha.and benifit of reading CHARAKA AND SUSHRUTA SAMHITA.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
1. CONCEPT OF SHODHANA
PRESENTER : DR. SAYANTAN BERA
2nd YEAR P.G. SCHOLAR
DEPARTMENT OF PANCHAKARMA
D.G.M.A.M.C. GADAG
2. वस्तु निर्देश्
प्रस्ताविा
व्युत्पनि
निरुनि
शोधि महत्व
शोधि गुण
शोधि लाभ
शोधि काल
स्वस््य शोधि & र्दोषािुसार शोधि
शोधि वृक्ष
शोधि योग्य
शोधि अयोग्य
वर्जयय नवषय
र्दुवयल पुरुष शोधि
शोधिोिर निनकत्सा
शोधि अनतयोग प्रनतकार
CRITERIA TO SELECT A PATIENT FOR SHODHANA
IMPORTANCE OF PURVA KARMA BEFORE SODHANA
IMPORTANCE OF PASCHAT KARMA AFTER SODHANA
PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION OF SHODHANA PROCEDURES
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHODHANA &PANCHAKARMA
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
3. प्रस्ताविा :
निनकत्सा:
यानभिः नियानभर्ाययन्ते शरीरे धातविः समािः ।
सा निनकत्सा नवकाराणाां कमय तनिषर्ाां स्मृतम् ॥ (च.सू-१६/३४)
The procedure by which Dhatus are brought into equilibrium condition is termed as Chikitsa.
In a broader sense Chikitsa is divided into two categories – 1. Shodhana
2. Shamana
शोधि:
शोधिां यत् कुनपताि् र्दोषाि् नििःसायय बनहिः रोगोशमिां करोनत ॥ (अ.सं,सू-इन्दु -१/३७)
Shodhana is the method of eliminating the vitiated doshas from the body to pacify the disease.
शमि:
ि शोधयनत ि द्वेनि समाि् र्दोषाांस्तथोद्दताि् ।
समीकरोनत नवषमाच्शमिां तद्यथा अमृता ॥ (श.पू-४/२)
The drug which brings the normalcy of doshas without elimination & aggravation is known as Shamana.
व्युत्पनि :
शोधि = शुध् + नणि् + ल्युट् (शब्दकल्पम)
शुध् = शौि (Clean)
Shodhana is derived from ‘Shudh’ – It means Cleansing.
निरुनि :
यनर्दरयेद्बनहर्दोषाि् पञ्िधा शोधिञ्ि तत् ।
निरूह वमिां कायनशररेको आस्रनवस्रुनत ॥ (अ.हृ,सू-१४/६)
4. Sodhana is the procedure by which doshas (vitiated) are expelled out from the body. There are 5 types of Shodhana -
Niruha basti
Vamana
Kaya reka (virechana)
Shiro reka (nasya)
Asra visruti (rakta mokshana)
यर्दौषधां वातानर्दिन्तिः नस्थताि् वनहरीरयेत नक्षपेत् तत्
शोधिम् । तच्ि पञ्िधा, पन्िनवधम् । (अरुणदत्त)
Arun Dutta says that in Sarvangasundar Commentary --- By which procedure vitiated Vatadi doshas are removed from body is known as Shodhana. Shodhana is classified into 5 types.
स्थािाद्वनहिययेर्दुर्धवयमधो वा मलसञ्ियम् र्देहसांशोधिां तत्साĥेवर्दानल फलां यथा ॥ (शा. पू – ४/८)
The procedure which detaches the accumulation of Mala from their respective places & expels upwards or
downwards, is known as Samshodhana.
eg – Devadali (Jimitaka)
--------- प्रकुनपत स्थािात् मलसञ्ियां र्दोषार्दीिाां सस्थािात उर्धवयमधो वा वनहिययेत् वनह: करोनत तĥेहे शरीरे शोधिां कनथतम् । (दीपपका,आढ्मल)
In the commentary of Sharangdhar Samhita, Adhmala said that - The Prakupita Dosha leads to Mala sanchaya (accumulated in their respective places), by administering or giving the Shodhana therapy, the accumulated Malas expells out & by this process Sharir shuddhi takes place.
5. शोधि महत्व : (WHY शोधन IS BEST?)
र्दोषाकर्दानित् कूप्यनन्त नर्ता लङ्घिपािि िः ।
नर्ता सांशोधियेतु ि तेषाां पुिरुिव: ॥ (च.सू-१६/२०)
र्दोषाकर्दानित् कूप्यनन्त नर्ता लङ्घिपािि िः ।
ये तु सांशोधि िः शुद्दा ि तेषाां पुिरुिविः ॥ (अ.स,सू-५/२४)
(अ.हृ,सू-४/२६)
Acharya Charaka and Vagbhatt said almost same about the Mahatva of Shodhana. They said that –
The doshas which have been mitigated by Langhana & Pachana, are likely to aggravate once again. But those doshas conquered by Shodhana therapy will never increase again.
समूलांर्दोषापहारकत्वां सांशोधिस्य, लङ्घि पािियोस्तु र्दोषापहरत्वे सत्यनप ि सांशोधिवत्- र्दोषहन्तृत्वनमत्याह – र्दोषा इत्यानर्द । (चक्रपपण दत्त)
Acharya Chakrapani Dutta said that – The main root cause which is treated by Shodhana, never occurs again. By Langhana, Pachana also the doshas can be treated but sometimes they may aggravated.
ये पूििः सांशोधि िः शुद्दस्तेषाां ि पुिरुिव: - उत्थािां ि भवनत । (अरूनदत्त)
Acharya Arun Dutta said that in his Sarvangasundar commentary – Doshas which are expelled out by Shodhana karma will not aggravate again.
शोधि गुण :
मलापहां रोगहरां वलवणयप्रसार्दिम ।
नपत्वा सांशोधिां सम्यगायुषा युर्जयते निरम् ॥ (च.सू - १५/२२)
Acharya Charaka said about the qualities of Shodhana. Those are as follows –
Elimination of mala
Complete cure of disease
Increase strength
6. Increase complexion of skin
To get long life
शोधि लाभ :
According to Vagbhatt –
वुनद्दप्रसार्दां वलनमनन्ियाणाां धातुनस्थरत्वां र्जवलिस्यर्दीनिम् ।
निराच्िपाकां वयसिः करोनत सांशोधिांसम्यगुपास्यमािम् ॥ (अ.हृ,सू- १८/६०)
If the shodhana therapies are taken properly, then these benefits are achieving –
Increase intelligence
Strengthen the sense organs
Stability of the tissues
Increase digestive power
Increase longevity
According to Charaka –
एवां नवशुद्दकोष्ठस्य कायानग्िरनभवधयते ।
व्यधयस्िोपशम्यनन्त प्रकृनतश्चिुवतयते ॥
इनन्ियानण मिोबुनद्दवयणायश्चास्य प्रसीर्दनत ।
वलां पुनिरप्यां ि वृषता िास्य र्ायते ।।
र्राां कृच्रेण लभते निरां र्ीवत्यिामयिः ।
तस्मात्सांशोधिां काले युनियुिां नपबेन्िरिः ॥ (च.सू-१६/१७)
If anyone take the proper sodhana therapy in proper time, then should get these –
Elimination of vitiated dosha from Kostha
Increase digestive power
Curing disease
7. Restoring the normal health
Strengthen the sense organs
Nourishes of mind, intelligence & complexion
Gaining of strength, nourishment, virility
Not affecting by old age & increasing longevity
शोधि काल :
शरत्काले वसन्ते ि प्रावृट काले ि र्देनहिाम् ।
वमिां रेििां ि व कारयेतु कुशलो नभषक् ॥ (शा. उ. – ३/१)
Vamanadi karmas should be done during Sharad, Vasanta or Pravrit rutu.
शीतोिवां र्दोषियां वसन्ते नवशोधयत् ग्रीष्मर्मभ्रकाले ।
घिात्यये वानषयकमाशु सम्यक् प्राप्िोनतरोगािृतुर्ान्ि र्ातु ॥ (अ.हृ,सू – ४/३५)
The accumulation of dosha arising from Sisir rutu should be expelled out during Vasanta rutu, that arising from Grishma rutu should be expelled out during Abhrakala (varsha rutu), that arising from Varsa rutu should be expelled out during Ghanatyaya rutu(sharad rutu).
प्रावृट् शुनििभौ ज्ञेयौ शरर्दुर्यसहौ पुििः ।
तपस्यच्ि मधुश्च व वसन्तिः शोधिां प्रनत ॥
एतिृति नवकल्प्य वां र्दद्यात् सांशोधिां नभषक् ।
स्वस्थवृिमनभप्रेत्य व्याधौव्यनधवशेि तु ॥ (च. पस – ६/५,६)
Pravrit – Suchi(ashad) & Nabha (shravana)
Sharad – Urja (kartika) & Saha (margasirsha)
Vasanta – Tapasya (phalguna) & Madhu (chaitra)
These three seasons are suitable for the administration of Shodhana therapies. After determining the exact months constituting these above mentioned seasons, the Bhishak should give the appropriate Shodhana therapy to a healthy person. However for a patient, the appropriateness of the time determined on the basis of the nature of the vyadhi.
10. वर्जयय नवषय :
अि महार्दोष :
उच्ि भायष्यां रथक्षोभमनतिांिमणासिे ।
अर्ीणोनहत भोर्जये ि नर्दवास्वप्ि सम थुिम् ॥ (च.पस – १२/१०)
Some factors have the harmful effect to human body. These factors should be avoided for healthy persons as well as diseased person. So these factors also are avoided after Shodhana therapy.
उच्चैर्ायष्र् (loud speech) – causes pain in upper part of the body
रथक्षोर् (riding wooden cart) – causes pain all over the body
अपिचंक्रमण (travelling long way) – causes pain in lower part of the body
अपि आसन (constant sitting) – causes pain middle part of the body
अजीणय र्ोजन (indigestion) – formation of ama
अपिि र्ोजन (unwholesome food) – aggravates different Doshas
पदवास्वप्न (sleep during daytime) – increased kapha
मैथुनम् (sexual intercourse) – kshaya of the body
अत्यासिस्थािविाांनस याि ।
स्वप्िनर्दवा म थुिवेगरोधि् ॥
शीतोपिारातपशोकरोषाांस्त्यर्ेर्दकालानहतभोर्िां ि । (च. पस – १/५४)
अर्ीणय म थुिां याि उच्ि भायष्यां नर्दवाशयम् ।
अनतिांिमणास्थािमसात्म्यानर्द ि वर्ययेत् ॥ (का.सं.पस – ५/४)
11. र्दुवयल पुरुष शोधि :
र्दुबयलस्य र्दोषािल्पािल्पाि् पुििः पुििः ।
हरेत् प्रभुतािल्पाांस्तु शमयेत प्रच्युतािनप ॥ (सु.पच-३३/३७)
In a week person, Doshas which are copious & moving should be expelled in a small quantity again and again; & doshas if less, should be mitigated through moving.
शोधिोिर निनकत्सा :
भेषर्क्षनपते प्यमाहार बृांहणां िमात् ।
शानलषनिकगोधूममुद्गमाांसघृतानर्दनभ: ॥
हृद्यर्दीपिभ षर्जयसांयोगािुनिपनिर्द िः ।
साभ्यङ्गोद्वतयिस्िािनिरुहस्िेहबनस्तनभिः ॥ (अ.हृ.सू -४/२८,२९)
Bheshaja,pathya,vrumhanaahara,saali,sasthik,godhuma,mudga,mamsa,ghrita,hrudyarasa,yavagu,dipaniya oushadha, abhyanga,udvartana,snana,niruha & sneha basti.
CRITERIA TO SELECT A PATIENT FOR SHODHANA :
समीक्ष्य र्दोषौषधर्देशकालसात्म्यानग्िसत्त्वानर्दवयोबलानि ।
बनस्तिः प्रयुिो नियतां गुणाय स्यात् सवयकमायनण ि
नसनद्दमनन्त ॥ (च.पस – ३/६)
To achieve success in the administration of Shodhana & to obtained the desired effects, Shodhana should be administered keeping in view the factors like the nature of Dosha, Oushadha, Desha, Kaala, Satmya, Agni, Sattva; & the vaya and bala of the patient.
In Bahu Doshavastha Shodhana therapy should administered.
12. IMPORTANCE OF पूवयकमय IN शोधि :
प्राक् पाििां स्िेहनवनधस्ततच्ि स्वेर्दस्ततिः स्याद्वमिां नवरेकिः ।
निरुहणान्वासिवनस्तकमय िस्यिमश्चेनत नभषग्वराणाम् ॥ (पचपकत्साकापलका)
येषाां िस्यां नवधातव्यां वनस्तश्च व नह र्देनहिाम् ।
शोधिीयाश्च ये केनित् पूवं स्वेद्यास्तु ते मतािः ॥ (सु.पच-३३/१७)
Person who are to be administered Nasya, Basti adi Shodhan therapies, for them Swedadi purva karma should be done before Shodhana.
स्िेहस्वेर्दाविभ्यस्य यस्तु सांशोधिां नपबेत् ।
र्दारु शुष्कनमवािामे र्देहस्तस्य नवशीययते ॥
स्िेहस्वेर्दप्रिनलता रस िः नस्िग्ध रूर्दीररतािः ।
र्दोषािः कोष्ठगता र्न्तोिः सुखा हतुं नवशोधि : ॥ (सु.पच – ३३/४६,४७)
Those who are not given Snehana & Swedana before Shodhana therapy, their body destroyed just as a dry piece of wood when made to bend. Doshas which are made to move by Snehana & Swedana therapy, increased by the use of Snigdha rasa & which have come into kostha are easy to expelled out by Shodhana therapies.
शाखागतस्यानप र्दोषस्य कोष्ठाियिहेतु: स्िेहिः , स्वेर्दिः कोष्ठमागतस्य सुखेि प्रवृनिकरश्चेनत र्दशययन्िाह – स्िेहस्वेर्द प्रिनलता इत्यानर्द । (डल्िण)
Before Shodhana therapy Snehana & Swedana Should be given. It helps to bring the Doshas from Shakha to Kostha.
स्िेहमग्रे प्रयुञ्र्ीत ततिः स्वेर्दमिन्तरम् ।
स्िेहस्वेर्दोपपन्न्स्य सांशोधिमथेतरत् ॥ (च.सु – १३/९९)
Snehana therapy is required to be administerd first, then the swedana therapy is to be applied. Finally the Shodhana therapy is to be administerd after the administration of of Snehana & swedana.
13. IMPORTANCE OF PASCHAT KARMA AFTER SODHANA :
शोधिेि र्दोषक्षय तथा धातुक्षय प्रनतकार
भेषर्क्षनपते प्यमाहार रेव वृांहणम् ।
घृतमाांसरसक्षीरहृद्ययुषोपशांनहत िः ॥
अभ्यङ्गोत्सार्दि िः स्िाि नियरूह िः सािुवासि िः ।
तथ स लभते शमय युर्जयते िायुषा निरम् ॥ (च.सू -१६/२३)
Bheshaja,pathya,vrumhanaahara,saali,sasthik,godhuma,mudga,mamsa,ghrita,hrudyarasa,yavagu,dipaniya oushadha, abhyanga,udvartana,snana,niruha & sneha basti.
After Shodhana karma human body gets weak & the agni is diminished. Samsarjana karma is nothing but a dietary regimen which is used to bring the agni to its normalcy.
15. वमि :
AYURVEDIC CONCEPT (ि.क – १/५)
Vamaka drugs possessing the properties like Usna, Tiksna, Suksma, Vyavayi, Vikasi
and with their ‘Swavirya’
Move to ‘Hridaya’
From there, through various ‘Dhamanis’ lead to micro and macro channels in the body
Act over the vitiated complexes in the body
(i) With 'Agneya Property' - liquefy the complexes
(ii) With 'Tiksna property' - Break them down into several particles
16. Liquefied matter then glides through various unctuous or smooth channels towards Kostha
Enter 'Amasaya' and then stimulated by 'Udana Vayu“
Having the dominance of 'Agni' and 'Vayu' elements in the constitution along with self disposition (Prabhava)
Move in upward direction towards oral cavity
Expelled to outside through it
VAMANA
Vamaka drug has the properties like Usna, Tiksna, Suksma, Vyavayi, Vikasi guna &and with their ‘Swavirya’ moves to hridaya. Then it circulates all over the body through various dhamanis and acts over the vitiated complexes in the body. Then it liquefies the complexes & break them into several particles. After that it moves upward direction due to urdhaga prabhava & expels out through mouth. In case of Virechana it moves downwards due to adhaga prabhava & expels out through anus.
17. PROBABLE MODERN CONCEPT
Upper GIT when full Electrical Stimuli for Psychic Stimuli
of contents stimulation administration of drugs
Over distended & Over excitable CTZ stimulation Directly stimulates hypothalamus
Stimulates Vomiting centre
Automatic motor reaction
Motor impulses are transmitted from vomiting centre through
5th,7th,9th,10th,12th Cranial nerves Spinal nerves
Upper GIT Diaphragm & abdominal muscles
Initiates VOMITING
18. Vomitting centre stimulates due to 3 cause – Upper GIT with full of contents, CTZ stimulation & psychic stimuli. Then the motor impulse transmitted through 5th,7th,9th,10th,12th Cranial nerves & Spinal nerves. The nerve impulse stimulates Upper GIT, Diaphragm & abdominal muscles and Initiates VOMITING.
नवरेिि :
AYURVEDIC CONCEPT (ि.क – १/५)
Virechaka drugs possessing the properties like Usna, Tiksna, Suksma, Vyavayi, Vikasi
and with their ‘Swavirya’
Move to ‘Hridaya’
From there, through various ‘Dhamanis’ lead to micro and macro channels in the body
Act over the vitiated complexes in the body
(i) With 'Agneya Property' - liquefy the complexes
(ii) With 'Tiksna property' - Break them down into several particles
19. Liquefied matter then glides through various unctuous or smooth channels towards Kostha
Enter 'Amasaya' and then stimulated by 'Udana Vayu“
Having the dominance of 'Prithivi' and 'Jala' elements in the constitution along with self disposition (Prabhava)
Move in downward direction towards Anus
(due to Sara guna)
Expelled to outside through it
VIRECHANA
20. PROBABLE MODERN CONCEPT
Ingestion of Virechana drug
Irritation of gastric mucosa
Sensory signal goes to defecation centre in Medulla oblongata
Motor response from defecation centre
Through ganglionic plexus Through vagus nerve
Increased peristalsis Secretion of various enzymes from
Gall bladder, pancreas,bruner’s gland
Reduced absorption Fluid accumulationin the gut
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Irritation of sacral & lumber plexus
VIRECHANA
21. Virechana drugs irritates gastric mucosa. Then Sensory signal goes to defecation centre in Medulla oblongata. After that the Motor response goes to defecation centre. Through ganglionic plexus it increases peristalsis & through vagus nerve it secrets various enzymes from Gall bladder, pancreas,bruner’s gland. Then Reduced absorption & Fluid accumulationin the gut takes place. It helps to increase hydrostatic pressure. Then Irritation of sacral & lumber plexus takes place. Then the defecation occur.
बनस्त :
AYURVEDIC CONCEPT
POSITION – According to Parashara, Guda is the Mula of the body where all the siraas are located. When basti dravyas administered through the guda, it reaches all over the body. Basti should given to the patient lying on left lateral side as as the Grahani & Guda are situated on the left side of the body. (cha,si- 3/24)
PAKVASAYA – The given Basti when enters into the pakvasaya, by its virya ,draws the morvid dosha loddged in the entire body from foot to head, just as the sun situated in the sky sucks up the moisture from the earth. (cha. Si-7/64)
GRAHANI – Basti dravya reaches first to pakvasaya & the to the Grahani. Pakvasaya is the site of purishdhara kala & Grahani is the site of pittadhara kala. Acharya Dalhana says that purishdhara kala & asthi dhara kala is same and pittadhara kala & majja dhara kala is same.So from these we say that basti has direct action on asthi & majja dhatu. Majja is present in the asthi. Also mastulanga is considered as mastaka majja is the seat of vata. So in this way basti is act in CNS. (su,kal-4/40) (su,su-32/12)
22. PROBABLE MODERN CONCEPT
The mode of action of basti can be understand in the following way –
Drug is administered through anal region
It gets absorbed in intestinal mucosa & works by 4 mechanism –
1. By absorption mechanism
2. By system biology mechanism
3. By neural stimulation mechanism
4. By excretory mechanism
ABSORPTION MECHANISM
Hyper osmosis takes place
From colon cell to lumen
Absorption of endotoxins
Irritation of Large intestine (due to irrtant property)
Elimination
23. SYSTEM BIOLOGY MECHANISM
Drug is administered through anal region
It gets absorbed in intestinal mucosa
Lipid soluble Water soluble
Passive diffusion Active diffusion
By these diffusion mechanism the Basti drugs goes to epithelial cell. Then it goes to the capillaries. Then goes to cell after that molecules.
NEURAL STIMULATION MECHANISM
Drug given
ENS is stimulated
Excites mysentric plexus & sub mucosal plexus
Neurotransmitters carries information to CNS
24. CNS acts independently to produce the GUT feeling
EXCRETORY MECHANISM
The sigmoidal, rectal & anal region of large intestine are considerably better supplied with parasympathetic nerve fibers than other part of intestine. They are mainly stimulating in action & functions especially on defecation reflexes.
25. िस्य :
AYURVEDIC CONCEPT (अ. स, सू – २९/३)
Nasa is the gateway of Shira
Drug administerd through the nostrils
Drug reaches in Srungataka marma
Spreads in the Murdha taking marma of netra, karna, kantha, siramukha
Scratches the morbid doshas in supra clavicular region
Expels the vitiated dosha from uttamanga
26. PROBABLE MODERN CONCEPT
The drug is administered through Nostrils
Goes to the nasal cavity
It passes through the Crebiform plate (found in nasal cavity floor)
It transverse by olfactory neurons of the Receptor cells
It excites the middle cephalic fossa
It is connected with 3rd,4th,5th, 6th crenial nerves
Pituitary gland can also be approached trans nasal route
Thus the drug acts on brain
27. रि मोक्षण :
AYURVEDIC CONCEPT
RAKTAPRASADANA
This occurs by the stimulation of Yakrit & Pleeha, which r the root of Raktavaha Srotas. When these Organs are corrected, then the whole Raktavaha Srotas get Corrected. Raktamokshana decrease the workload on Raktavaha Srotas & thus the Yakrit & Pleeha. The Sandrata (prithivi mahabhuta), Dravata (jala mahabhuta) & Pressure (vayu mahabhuta) are corrected.
PITTA SHODHANA
Rakta is the seat of Pitta. So Rakta mokshana helps in the Shodhana of pitta.
PROBABLE MODERN CONCEPT
1. Reduces the work load on liver & spleen; stimulates the liver & spleen to perform their normal functions; removes the old & damaged blood cells & helps in formation of new blood cells.
2. Reduces blood pressure, so useful in HTN.
3. Reduces the viscosity of blood & thus prevents the thrombus formation, so useful in DVT, thrombo embolism etc.
28. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHODHANA & PANCHAKARMA :
SHODHANA
PANCHAKARMA
5 types – Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Nasya, Raktamokshana
Mainly 5 types – Vamana, Virechana, Anuvasana basti, Niruha Basti, Shirovirechana. But abyanga, mastiska procedures, different types of swdana are included.
It is under in Langhana Chikitsa
It acts -Langhana, Brumhana & Rasayana
DISCUSSION :
Is there any major difference in efficacy of Classical Shodhana procedures & Modified Shodhana procedures?
What are the consequences if proper Shodhana Kala are not Maintain in Acute condition of the patients ?
CONCLUSION :
Shodhana acts as Preventive, Curative & Health promotive aspects –
Preventive aspect
Shodhana therapy ideally suits for those person who is tend to go through a disease. Thus the sufficient prevention is maintained for the occurrence of the pathogenesis.
Curative aspects
When the disease has actually taken place to the vital, to break the pathogenesis, the vital mode of treatment is Shodhana therapy.
Health promotive aspect
Not only preventive & curative aspects, it also helps in rebuilding the health.
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