Turbo C is a high-level programming language integrated development environment (IDE) used to write and run C programs. The Turbo C IDE screen is divided into four parts - the main menu, editor, compiler message window, and hot key reference line. The main menu allows users to load, edit, compile and run C programs. Common functions used in C programs include input/output functions like printf() and getch(). The IDE provides features like syntax highlighting, auto-indentation, and debugging tools to aid in C program development.

1. TURBO C
By: John Paul Espino
De La Salle University – Dasmarinas
Facebook.com/Johnpaul.dss

3. COMPUTER LANGUAGE
• A computer language is a set of rules and conventions used to convey the information to a computer

4. TYPES OF COMPUTER LANGUAGE
• Machine Language
• Low level Language
• High Level Language

5. MACHINE LANGUAGE
• The native tongue of a computer is a Machine Language. Each machine language instruction is a binary
string of 0’s and 1’s, that specifies an operation and identifies the memory cells involved in that
operation.

6. LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE
• In the Low level language, machine language is still used by the computer as its processes data, but the
low level language software first translate the specified operation symbol onto machine language
equivalent.
• Example is Assembly Language.

7. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
• High Level Language is a programming language where an instruction resembles everyday language.
Instructions are given to a computer by using a convenient letters, symbols or English text rather than
using 1’s and 0’s code that the computer understand.
• Example is Turbo C, Pascal.

8. INTRODUCTION TO C LANGUAGE
• C, a high-level language programming language was developed in early 1970’s by Dennis Ritchie at Bell
Laboratories. Over the years, the power and flexibility of C, together with the availability of high quality
C compilers for computers of all sizes, have made it a popular language in industry for a wide variety of
applications.

9. TURBO C DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
• There are two development system in Turbo C
a) IDE
b) Command-Line Development System

10. IDE
• IDE means Integrated Development Environment
• It is a screen display with windows and pull-down menus. The program listing, its output, error
messages, and other information are displayed in separate windows.
• You can use menu selection to invoke all the operations necessary to develop your program.

11. COMMAND-LINE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
• This is a traditional command line system, in which editing, compiling, debugging, linking and program
execution are invoked from the DOS command line prompt as separate activities, performed by
separate programs.

12. TURBO C ENVIRONMENT

13. FOUR PARTS OF THE TURBO C SCREEN
1. Main Menu -It is used to tell Turbo C to do something such as execute the editor or compile the program etc.

14. FOUR PARTS OF THE TURBO C SCREEN
2. Editor Status line and window - Provides a place where you will type your Turbo C
program.

15. FOUR PARTS OF THE TURBO C SCREEN
3. Compiler Message window - Is located beneath the edit window and is used to
display various compiler or linker messages. When a program is running, the message
window becomes the watch window is used to display debug information.

16. FOUR PARTS OF THE TURBO C SCREEN
4. Hot Key window reference line- The active HOT KEYS are locked at the bottom of the
screen are ready for use whenever you need them.

17. MAIN MENU
1. File
• Load – loads a file into the editor.
• Pick – displays a menu that contains the last 8 file you have edited.
• Save – saves the file that is currently in the editor.
• Write to – option lets you save a file.

18. MAIN MENU
• Directory – displays the current working directory and lets you choose a file to edit.
• Change Directory – changes the directory to the one you specify.
• OS Shell – loads the DOS command processor and lets you execute DOS command.
• Quit – option quits turbo C.

19. MAIN MENU
• Edit – lets you edit your program.
• Run – executes the current program. If the program has not yet
been, Run compiles it for you.
• Compile – it will produce an OBJ file or an EXE file. Then EXE file
can be executed from the DOS prompt.
• Project – is used to aid the development and maintenance of
large, multiple programs.
• Option
• Debug – lets you control the way turbo C’s integrated debugger
operates.
• Break/Watch – lets you set break programs in your program and
define variables and expressions to be watched while your
program executes.

20. HOT KEYS
• F1 - activates online help
• F2 – saves the file currently edited
• F3 – Loads a file
• F5 – zooms a window
• F6 – switches between windows
• F7 – trace
• F8 – step
• F9 – compiles and links your program
• F10 – toggles between the main menu and the editor

21. OTHER KEYBOARD COMMANDS
• Alt + F3 – pick
• Alt + F5 – switches between the environment screen and the output
screen
• Ctrl + F9 - compile and run the program
• CTRL + Y- Delete entire line
• CTRL + K B - mark start of the block
• CTRL + K K - mark the end of the block
• CTRL + K C - copy a block
• CTRL + K Y - delete a block
• CTRL + K V - move a block
• CTRL + Q A - find and replace

22. FILES USED IN C PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
• Executable files
• Library and Runtime files
• Header files
• Programmer generated files

23. EXECUTABLE FILES
• Executable files are stored in the subdirectory BIN. The most important executable file for the turbo C
language is the TC.EXE.
• The BIN directory also contains program for the command line development process. For example :
 TCC command line compiler
 TLINK command line linker
 TLIB library file manager

24. LIBRARY AND RUNTIME FILES
• Various files are combined with your programs during linking. These files contains routines for a wide
variety of purposes.
• They are stored in LIB subdirectory.

25. LIBRARY FILES
• Library files are group of precompiled routines for performing specific task. For example, if a
programmer uses a function such as printf() to displayed text on the screen, the code to create the
display is contained in a library file.

26. HEADER FILES
• The subdirectory called INCLUDE contains header files.
• Each header files has a “.h” file extension.

27. PROGRAMMER-GENERATED FILES
• You can place the programs that you write in any subdirectory you choose, for instance a subdirectory
under TC.

28. BASIC PARTS OF THE TURBO C PROGRAM
• # include directive – contains information needed by the program to ensure the correct operation of
Turbo C’s standard library functions.
• # define directive – used to shorten the keywords in the program.
• main () – this is the main body of the program that performs the principal function of a program.

29. BASIC PARTS OF THE TURBO C PROGRAM
• { (start) – this symbol is used to represent the beginning of a program
• Clrscr () – is used to clear the screen
syntax : clrscr ();
• Main body – this refers to the set of statements in a computer program
• } (end) – this must be the final statement of a program.

30. BASIC PARTS OF THE TURBO C PROGRAM
• getch () – this part gets characters from the keyboard, and does not echo on the screen.
syntax: getch();
• getche () – gets the characters from the console, and echoes on the screen.
syntax: getche();

31. EXAMPLE
• Create a program that will output this statement: “Hello! Welcome to Turbo C
Programming”
Solution:
#include<stdio.h>
main ()
{
printf(“Hello”);
printf(“Welcome to Turbo C Programming”);
getche();
}