The document contains multiple C programs that implement graphical algorithms, including Bresenham's algorithm for drawing lines and circles, rotating lines, moving circles, translating text, simulating a flying airplane, line clipping using the Sutherland algorithm, and creating animations like a rainbow and flying kites. Each program includes the necessary graphics library functions and logic to execute the desired graphical output. It serves as an educational resource for understanding basic graphics programming and geometric algorithms.

1. PROGRAM NO:-1
AIM:- Write a program to draw a line using Bresenham’s algorithm.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void lineBRES(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2)
{
int dx,dy,p;
float x,y,xend;
dx=x2-x1;
dy=y2-y1;
p=2*dy-dx;
if(x2>x1)
{
x=x1;
y=y1;
xend=x2;
}
else
{
x=x2;
y=y2;
xend=x1;
}
putpixel(x,y,2);
while(x<xend)
{

2. x++;
if(p<0)
p+=2*(dy);
else
{
y++;
p+=2*(dy-dx);
}
putpixel(x,y,2);
}
}
void main()
{
int x1,x2,y1,y2;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCbgi");
printf("Enter the start and end points of line:");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);
lineBRES(x1,y1,x2,y2);
getch();
}

3. OUTPUT:-

4. PROGRAM NO:-2
AIM:- Write a program to draw a circle using Bresenham’s algorithm.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void circleBRES(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2);
void main()
{
int x1,y1,x2,y2,r,d;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TURBOC3BGI");
printf("Enter the center point of circle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter the radius of the circle:");
scanf("%d",&r);
x2=0;
y2=r;
d=3-2*r;
circleBRES(x1,y1,x2,y2);
while(x2<y2)
{
x2++;
if(d<0)
d+=4*x2+6;
else
{
y2--;
d+=4*(x2-y2)+10;
}
circleBRES(x1,y1,x2,y2);
}
getch();
}
void circleBRES(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2)
{
putpixel(x1+x2,y1+y2,1);
putpixel(x1-x2,y1+y2,2);
putpixel(x1+x2,y1-y2,3);
putpixel(x1-x2,y1-y2,4);
putpixel(x1+y2,y1+x2,5);
putpixel(x1-y2,y1+x2,6);
putpixel(x1+y2,y1-x2,7);
putpixel(x1-y2,y1-x2,8);
}

5. OUTPUT:-

6. PROGRAM NO:-3
Aim:-Write a program to rotate a line about its mid point.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,j,x,y,rad=100;
double i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCbgi");//inintialising graphics driver
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
while(!kbhit()) {
for(i=0.0;i<=6.28;i+=0.52)
{
cleardevice();
line(x,y+2,x,y-2);
line(x+(rad*cos(i)),y+(rad*sin(i)),x-(rad*cos(i)),y-(rad*sin(i)));
delay(250); }
}
getch();
}

7. Output:-

8. PROGRAM NO:-4
Aim:-Write a program to move a circle about circumference of another
circle.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,j,x,y,rad=50;
double i=0.52;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TURBOC3BGI");//inintialising graphics driver
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
while(!kbhit())
{
for(i=0.0;i<=6.28;i+=0.52)
{
cleardevice();
circle(x,y,rad);
circle(x+((rad+20)*cos(i)),y+((rad+20)*sin(i)),20);
delay(350);
}
}
getch();
}

9. Output:-
PROGRAM NO:-5

10. PROGRAM NO:-5
Aim:-Write a program of translation of text slide.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,x,y,i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TURBOC3BGI");
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
setcolor(2);
while(!kbhit())
{
for(i=0;i<getmaxx();i++)
{
cleardevice();
settextstyle(3,0,4);
outtextxy(i,y,"Hello Window");
delay(30);
}
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

11. Output:-

12. PROGRAM NO:-6
Aim:-Write a program of flying airplane.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int x,y,gd=DETECT,gm,i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TURBOC3BGI");
for(i=0;i<125;i++)
{
cleardevice();
line(45+350-i,65+150-i,62+350-i,68+150-i);
line(45+350-i,65+150-i,48+350-i,82+150-i);
line(62+350-i,68+150-i,92+350-i,98+150-i);
line(48+350-i,82+150-i,71+350-i,105+150-i);
line(71+350-i,105+150-i,107+350-i,220+150-i);
line(107+350-i,220+150-i,117+350-i,226+150-i);
line(117+350-i,226+150-i,118+350-i,156+150-i);
line(118+350-i,156+150-i,160+350-i,198+150-i);
line(160+350-i,198+150-i,165+350-i,220+150-i);
line(165+350-i,220+150-i,172+350-i,225+150-i);
line(172+350-i,225+150-i,170+350-i,195+150-i);
line(170+350-i,195+150-i,204+350-i,178+150-i);
line(204+350-i,178+150-i,196+350-i,173+150-i);
line(196+350-i,173+150-i,170+350-i,181+150-i);
line(170+350-i,181+150-i,125+350-i,129+150-i);

13. line(125+350-i,129+150-i,175+350-i,130+150-i);
line(175+350-i,130+150-i,165+350-i,118+150-i);
line(165+350-i,118+150-i,92+350-i,98+150-i);
line(211+350-i,229+150-i,330+350-i,340+150-i);
line(212+350-i,230+150-i,330+350-i,340+150-i);
line(213+350-i,231+150-i,330+350-i,340+150-i);
line(243+350-i,220+150-i,335+350-i,305+150-i);
line(221+350-i,285+150-i,335+350-i,390+150-i);
delay(40);
}
getch();
}

14. Output:-

15. PROGRAM NO:-7
Aim:-Write a program of line clipping algorithm (Sutherland).
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
typedef struct coordinate
{ int x,y;
char code[4];
}PT;
void drawwindow();
void drawline(PT p1,PT p2);
PT setcode(PT p);
int visibility(PT p1,PT p2);
PT resetendpt(PT p1,PT p2);
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,v,gm;
PT p1,p2,p3,p4,ptemp;
printf("nEnter x1 and y1n");
scanf("%d %d",&p1.x,&p1.y);
printf("nEnter x2 and y2n");
scanf("%d %d",&p2.x,&p2.y);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:TCbgi");
drawwindow();
delay(500);

16. drawline(p1,p2);
delay(500);
cleardevice();
delay(500);
p1=setcode(p1);
p2=setcode(p2);
v=visibility(p1,p2);
delay(500);
switch(v)
{
case 0: drawwindow();
delay(500);
drawline(p1,p2);
break;
case 1: drawwindow();
delay(500);
break;
case 2: p3=resetendpt(p1,p2);
p4=resetendpt(p2,p1);
drawwindow();
delay(500);
drawline(p3,p4);
break;
}
delay(5000);
closegraph();
}

17. void drawwindow()
{
line(150,100,450,100);
line(450,100,450,350);
line(450,350,150,350);
line(150,350,150,100);
}
void drawline(PT p1,PT p2)
{
line(p1.x,p1.y,p2.x,p2.y);
}
PT setcode(PT p) //for setting the 4 bit code
{
PT ptemp;
if(p.y<100)
ptemp.code[0]='1'; //Top
else ptemp.code[0]='0';
if(p.y>350)
ptemp.code[1]='1'; //Bottom
else ptemp.code[1]='0';
if(p.x>450)
ptemp.code[2]='1'; //Right
else ptemp.code[2]='0';
if(p.x<150)
ptemp.code[3]='1'; //Left
else ptemp.code[3]='0';
ptemp.x=p.x;

18. ptemp.y=p.y;
return(ptemp);
}
int visibility(PT p1,PT p2)
{
int i,flag=0;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if((p1.code[i]!='0') || (p2.code[i]!='0'))
flag=1;
}
if(flag==0)
return(0);
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if((p1.code[i]==p2.code[i]) && (p1.code[i]=='1'))
flag='0';
}
if(flag==0)
return(1);
return(2);
}
PT resetendpt(PT p1,PT p2)
{
PT temp;
int x,y,i;
float m,k;

19. if(p1.code[3]=='1')
x=150;
if(p1.code[2]=='1')
x=450;
if((p1.code[3]=='1') || (p1.code[2]=='1'))
{
m=(float)(p2.y-p1.y)/(p2.x-p1.x);
k=(p1.y+(m*(x-p1.x)));
temp.y=k;
temp.x=x;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
temp.code[i]=p1.code[i];
if(temp.y<=350 && temp.y>=100)
return (temp);
}
if(p1.code[0]=='1')
y=100;
if(p1.code[1]=='1')
y=350;
if((p1.code[0]=='1') || (p1.code[1]=='1'))
{
m=(float)(p2.y-p1.y)/(p2.x-p1.x);
k=(float)p1.x+(float)(y-p1.y)/m;
temp.x=k;
temp.y=y;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
temp.code[i]=p1.code[i];

20. return(temp);
}
else
return(p1);
}

21. Output:-

22. PROGRAM NO:-8
Aim:- Write a program to draw a rainbow.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,x,y,i,j,r=120;
int c[7]={4,12,14,2,1,8,9};
//char ch[7]={'R','O','Y','G','B','I','V'};
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCbgi");
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
for(j=0;j<7;j++)
{
setcolor(c[j]);
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
arc(x,y,0,180,r+i);
delay(20);
}
r=r+10;
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

23. Output:-

24. PROGRAM NO:-9
Aim:-Write a program for a scene offlying kite.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,x,y,i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCbgi");
x=0;
y=0;
while(!kbhit())
{
for(i=0;i<345;i++)
{
line(x+100+i,y+100,x+200+i,y+200);
line(x+200+i,y+200,x+100+i,y+300);
line(x+100+i,y+300,x+i,y+200);
line(x+i,y+200,x+100+i,y+100);
line(100+i,200,100,400+(i*0.4));
delay(10);
cleardevice();
}
for(i=345;i>=0;i--)
{
line(x+100+i,y+100,x+200+i,y+200);

25. line(x+200+i,y+200,x+100+i,y+300);
line(x+100+i,y+300,x+i,y+200);
line(x+i,y+200,x+100+i,y+100);
line(100+i,200,100,400+(i*0.4));
delay(10);
cleardevice();
}
}
getch();
}

26. Output:-

27. PROGRAM NO:-10
Aim:-Write a program to translate a line passing from centre of ellipse.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,j,x,y;
int i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCbgi");//inintialising graphics driver
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
for(i=x-200;i<=x-110;i++)
{
cleardevice();
setfillstyle(6,2);
fillellipse(x,y,30,80);
setfillstyle(0,0);
fillellipse(x,y,2,4);
line(i,y,i+80,y);
if(i==x-110)
{
for(j=0;j<=80;j++)
{
cleardevice();

28. setfillstyle(6,2);
fillellipse(x,y,30,80);
setfillstyle(0,0);
fillellipse(x,y,2,4);
line(x,y,x+j,y);
line(x-110+j,y,x-30,y);
delay(60);
}
}
delay(60);
}
for(i=x;i<=x+200;i++)
{
cleardevice();
setfillstyle(6,2);
fillellipse(x,y,30,80);
setfillstyle(0,0);
fillellipse(x,y,2,4);
line(i,y,i+80,y);
delay(60);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

29. Output:-

30. PROGRAM NO:-11
Aim:-Write a program for scene ofboat.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
void background(int x,int y);
void boat(int,int);
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,x,y,i;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:TCbgi");
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
background(x,y);
boat(x,y+20);
getch();
closegraph();
}
void boat(int x,int y)
{
int i;
setcolor(6);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
line(x+50,y+i,x-50,y+i);//base line
line(x-50+i,y,x-70+i,y-40); //left side

31. line(x-70,y-40+i,x+70,y-40+i); //upper part
line(x-20+i,y-40,x+i,y-70);
line(x-i,y-70,x+20-i,y-40);
line(x+70-i,y-40,x+50-i,y);//right side
}
}
void background(int x,int y)
{
int i,j;
for(j=0;j<200;j=j+4)
{
setcolor(11);
outtextxy(0,y+j,"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
}
}

32. Output:-