This document outlines classroom policies for a computer lab class:
1. Students are responsible for their assigned workstations and must arrive on time, stay on task, and not eat, drink, or chew gum in the lab.
2. Students will be marked tardy if not seated when the tardy bell rings and must address personal needs before or after class.
3. Students must respect peers and teachers and refrain from profanity, offensive comments or behavior, and non-authorized cell phone or electronic device use during class. Talking, singing, or walking around without permission is also prohibited.
Basics Of Computers | The Computer SystemNehaRohtagi1
Created By: neharohtagi1
This PowerPoint will help the not only the students but also others to learn about the basic organization of the Computer System.
It will also help to know how the system interprets, process and saves the data and instructions safely and accurately.
Do not copy or repost.
Please give feedbacks and suggestions to get presentations on more interesting topics.
Basics Of Computers | The Computer SystemNehaRohtagi1
Created By: neharohtagi1
This PowerPoint will help the not only the students but also others to learn about the basic organization of the Computer System.
It will also help to know how the system interprets, process and saves the data and instructions safely and accurately.
Do not copy or repost.
Please give feedbacks and suggestions to get presentations on more interesting topics.
The aim of this presentation is to equip readers with basic computer concepts and skills. At the end of the presentation readers will be able to know the general modal of a computer, roles, advantages and disadvantages and they will also know the difference between data and information.
The aim of this presentation is to equip readers with basic computer concepts and skills. At the end of the presentation readers will be able to know the general modal of a computer, roles, advantages and disadvantages and they will also know the difference between data and information.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
2. This class is conducted as a business environment. Therefore, you
are expected to adhere to the following workplace policies:
1. You are responsible for the workstation assigned to you during your
allocated time.
2. Come to class on time, be prepared to learn, and stay on task
3. Eating and drinking or gum are NOT allowed in the lab at any time
4. You are considered tardy if you are not seated at your assigned
workstation when the tardy bell rings.
5. Students will take care of personal needs prior to or after class.
6. Respect peers and the authority of all teachers and staff at all
times.
7. No profanity or offensive comments or behavior
8. Cell phones, pagers, iPods, etc (Electronic Devices)…are NOT to be
used during class time.
9. Talking, Singing, or walking around during class is prohibited unless
authorized by the instructor.
10. No sleeping during class.
11. No student will leave the lab not until the instructor told you to go.
Consequence:
1. Verbal Warning
2. Conference with student and reassign seat + Call to parent
3. Refer to Counselor
4. Referral to Administrator
3. A computer is normally considered to
be a calculation device which can
perform the arithmetic operations very
speedily.
A computer may be defined as a device
which operates upon the data.
Data can be in the form of numbers,
letters, symbols, size etc. And it comes
in various shapes & sizes depending
upon the type of computer application.
A computer can store, process &
retrieve data as and when we desired.
The fact that computer process data is
so fundamental that many people have
started calling as “Data Processor”.
A computer first it gets the Data, does
Process on it and then produces
Information.
The word “computer”
comes from the word
“TO COMPUTE”
means to calculate.
WHAT IS
COMPUTER?
4. ADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER
High Speed
Computer is a very fast device.
It is capable of performing calculation of very
large amount of data.
The computer has units of speed in
microsecond, nanosecond, and even the
picosecond.
It can perform millions of calculations in a
few seconds as compared to man who will
spend many months to perform the same
task.
5. ADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER
Accuracy
In addition to being very fast,
computers are very accurate.
The calculations are 100% error free.
Computers perform all jobs with 100%
accuracy provided that the input is
correct.
6. ADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER
Storage Capability
Memory is a very important
characteristic of computers.
A computer has much more storage
capacity than human beings.
It can store large amount of data.
It can store any type of data such as
images, videos, text, audio, etc.
7. ADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER
Diligence
Unlike human beings, a computer is
free from monotony, tiredness, and
lack of concentration.
It can work continuously without any
error and boredom.
It can perform repeated tasks with the
same speed and accuracy.
8. ADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER
Versatility
A computer is a very versatile machine.
A computer is very flexible in performing
the jobs to be done.
This machine can be used to solve the
problems related to various fields. At
one instance, it may be solving a
complex scientific problem and the very
next moment it may be playing a card
game.
9. ADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER
Reliability
A computer is a reliable machine.
Modern electronic components have
long lives.
Computers are designed to make
maintenance easy.
10. ADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER
Automation
Computer is an automatic machine.
Automation is the ability to perform a
given task automatically. Once the
computer receives a program i.e., the
program is stored in the computer
memory, then the program and
instruction can control the program
execution without human interaction.
11. ADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER
Reduction in Paper Work and
Cost
The use of computers for data processing in
an organization leads to reduction in paper
work and results in speeding up the process.
As data in electronic files can be retrieved as
and when required, the problem of
maintenance of large number of paper files
gets reduced.
Though the initial investment for installing a
computer is high, it substantially reduces the
cost of each of its transaction.
12. DISADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER
No I.Q.
A computer is a machine that has no
intelligence to perform any task.
Each instruction has to be given to
the computer.
A computer cannot take any decision
on its own.
15. DISADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER
No Feeling
Computers have no feelings or
emotions.
It cannot make judgment based on
feeling, taste, experience, and
knowledge unlike humans
17. EXPLAIN THE DATA
PROCESSING CYCLE OF
COMPUTER
The computer Data Processing is any
process that a computer program does to
enter data & summarize, analyze or
convert data into useable information.
The process may be automated & run on
a computer.
It involves recording, analyzing, storing,
summarizing & storing data.
Because data are most useful when it is
well presented & informative.
18. EXPLAIN THE DATA
PROCESSING CYCLE OF
COMPUTER
The Data Processing Cycle:
Data Processing cycle described all activities which are
common to all data processing systems from manual to
electronic systems.
These activities can be grouped in four functional categories,
viz., data input, data processing, data output and storage,
constituting what is known as a data processing cycle.
The main aim of data processing cycle is to convert the data
into meaningful information.
Data processing system are often referred to as Information
System.
The Information System typically take raw Data as Input to
produce Information as Output.
The data processing cycle contains main four functions:
o Data input o Data process
o Data storage o Data output
19. EXPLAIN THE DATA
PROCESSING CYCLE OF
COMPUTER
DATA INPUT
o The term input refers to the activities required to record data.
o It’s a process to entered data in to computer system.
o So before we input any data, it is necessary to check or verify the data context.
DATA PROCESSING
o The term processing includes the activities like classifying, storing,
calculating, comparing or summarizing the data.
o The processing means to use techniques to convert the data into meaningful
information.
DATA OUTPUT
o It’s a communication function which transmits the information to the outside
world. o After completed the process the data are converted into the
meaningful in
o Sometimes the output also includes the decoding activity which converts the
electronically generated information into human readable form.
DATA STORAGE
o It involves the filling of data & information for future use.
20.
21. EXPLAIN THE CLASSIFICATION OF
THE COMPUTER BY DATA
PROCESSED
The computers are divided mainly three
types based on data processed:
1. Analog computers
2. Digital computers
3. Hybrid computers
22. ANALOG COMPUTERS
In Analog Computers, data is represented as
continuously varying voltage and operate
essentially by measuring rather counting.
As the data is continuously variable, the results
obtained are estimated and not exactly
repeatable.
It can able to perform multiple tasks
simultaneously and also capable to work
effectively with the irrational number. E.g. 1/8 =
0.125 and 1/6=0.1666
Voltage, temperature and pressure are
measured using analog devices like voltmeters,
thermometers and barometers.
23. DIGITAL COMPUTERS
The digit computer is a machine based on
digital technology which represents
information by numerical digit.
In Digital Computers data is represented as
discrete units of electrical pulses. The data is
measured in quantities represented as either
the ‘on’ or ‘off’ state.
Therefore, the results obtained from a digital
computer are accurate.
Virtually all of today’s computers are based
on digital computers.
24. HYBRID COMPUTERS
It combines the good features of both
analog & digital computers.
It has a speed of analog computer &
accuracy of digital computer.
Hybrid Computers accept data in analog
form and present output also in digitally.
The data however is processed digitally.
Therefore, hybrid computers require
analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog
converters for output.
25. Computer Fundamentals ─
Generations
Generation in computer terminology is a change in
technology a computer is/was being used. Initially,
the generation term was used to distinguish between
varying hardware technologies. Nowadays, generation
includes both hardware and software, which together
make up an entire computer system.
There are five computer generations known till date.
Each generation has been discussed in detail along
with their time period and characteristics. In the
following table, approximate dates against each
generation has been mentioned, which are normally
accepted.
Following are the main five generations of computers:
26.
27. The period of first generation was
from 1946-1959. The computers of
first generation used vacuum tubes
as the basic components for
memory and circuitry for CPU
(Central Processing Unit). These
tubes, like electric bulbs, produced
a lot of heat and the installations
used to fuse frequently. Therefore,
they were very expensive and only
large organizations were able to
afford it.
In this generation, mainly batch
processing operating system was
used. Punch cards, paper tape, and
magnetic tape was used as input
and output devices. The computers
in this generation used machine
code as the programming language.
The main
features of the
first generation
are:
Vacuum tube
technology
Unreliable
Supported
machine language
only
Very costly
Generated a lot
of heat
Slow input and
output devices
Huge size
Need of AC
Non-portable
Consumed a lot
of electricity
First
Generation
Computers
Some computers of this generation were:
ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC
IBM-701 IBM-650
28. The period of second generation
was from 1959-1965. In this
generation, transistors were used
that were cheaper, consumed less
power, more compact in size, more
reliable and faster than the first
generation machines made of
vacuum tubes.
In this generation, magnetic cores
were used as the primary memory
and magnetic tape and magnetic
disks as secondary storage devices.
In this generation, assembly
language and high-level
programming languages like
FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The
computers used batch processing
and multiprogramming operating
system.
The main features of
second generation
are:
Use of transistors
Reliable in
comparison to first
generation computers
Smaller size as
compared to first
generation computers
Generated less heat
as compared to first
generation computers
Consumed less
electricity as
compared to first
generation computers
Faster than first
generation computers
Still very costly
AC required
Supported machine
and assembly
languages
Second
Generation
Computers
Some computers of this generation were:
IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604
CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108
29. The period of third generation was
from 1965-1971. The computers of
third generation used Integrated
Circuits (ICs) in place of
transistors. A single IC has many
transistors, resistors, and
capacitors along with the
associated circuitry.
The IC was invented by Jack Kilby.
This development made computers
smaller in size, reliable, and
efficient. In this generation remote
processing, time-sharing, multi-
programming operating system
were used. High-level languages
(FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL,
PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68
etc.) were used during this
generation.
The main
features of third
generation are:
IC used
More reliable in
comparison to
previous two
generations
Smaller size
Generated less
heat
Faster
Lesser
maintenance
Costly
AC required
Consumed
lesser electricity
Supported high-
level language
Third Generation
Computers
Some computers of this generation were:
IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series
PDP (Personal Data Processor)
IBM-370/168 TDC-316
30. The period of fourth generation was
from 1971-1980. Computers of
fourth generation used Very Large
Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI
circuits having about 5000
transistors and 18 other circuit
elements with their associated
circuits on a single chip made it
possible to have microcomputers of
fourth generation. Fourth generation
computers became more powerful,
compact, reliable, and affordable. As
a result, it gave rise to Personal
Computer (PC) revolution. In this
generation, time sharing, real time
networks, distributed operating
system were used. All the high-level
languages like C, C++, DBASE etc.,
were used in this generation.
The main
features of fourth
generation are:
VLSI technology
used
Very cheap
Portable and
reliable
Use of PCs
Very small size
Pipeline
processing
No AC required
Concept of
internet was
introduced
Great
developments in
the fields of
networks
Computers
became easily
available
Fourth
Generation
Computers
Some computers of this generation were:
DEC 10 19 STAR 1000 PDP 11
CRAY-1(Super Computer)
CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
31. The period of fifth generation is 1980-
till date. In the fifth generation, VLSI
technology became ULSI (Ultra Large
Scale Integration) technology, resulting
in the production of microprocessor
chips having ten million electronic
components.
This generation is based on parallel
processing hardware and AI (Artificial
Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging
branch in computer science, which
interprets the means and method of
making computers think like human
beings. All the high-level languages like
C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in
this generation.
AI includes:
Robotics Neural Networks Game Playing
Development of expert systems to make
decisions in real-life situations Natural
language understanding and generation
The main
features of fifth
generation are:
ULSI technology
Development of
true artificial
intelligence
Development of
Natural language
processing
Advancement in
Parallel Processing
Advancement in
Superconductor
technology
More user-
friendly interfaces
with multimedia
features
Availability of
very powerful and
compact
computers at
cheaper rates
Fifth Generation
Computers
Some computer types of this generation are:
Desktop Laptop NoteBook
UltraBook ChromeBook