This document provides an overview of fundamentals of computers. It begins with an introduction defining a computer and its key characteristics of speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility, reliability, automation, and memory. It then discusses capabilities such as increasing productivity, understanding data, connecting people, facilitating learning, and making money. The document also covers limitations including lack of intelligence, decision making, common sense, and human dependency. It concludes with uses of computers in fields like education, industry, banking, entertainment, and robotics.

1. FUNDAMENTALS
OF
COMPUTERS….
Presenter Name

2. AGENDA
Definition
Characteristics
Capabilities
Limitations

3. Introduction
A computer is a machine which can manipulate digitized
data for a particular outcome based on a program that
provides it a set of instructions. Computers can perform
millions of calculations per second, store large amounts of
data and are used for many business productivity and
recreational tasks. Computers are also used to access
Internet networks for communication and collaboration
purposes.
FUNDAMENTALS `OF COMPUTERS

4. THECHARACTERISTICSOF THE
COMPUTERSYSTEM
.

5. CHARACTERISTICS
 FLOW CHART

6. • Speed
A computer works with much higher speed and accuracy compared to humans while performing mathematical
calculations. Computers can process millions (1,000,000) of instructions per second. The time taken by
computers for their operations is microseconds and nanoseconds.
• Accuracy
Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy. Errors may occur due to data inconsistency or
inaccuracy.
• Diligence
A computer can perform millions of tasks or calculations with the same consistency and accuracy. It doesn’t
feel any fatigue or lack of concentration. Its memory also makes it superior to that of human beings.
Thecharacteristicsof thecomputersystem..

7. • VERSATILITY
Versatility refers to the capability of a computer to perform different kinds of works with same
accuracy and efficiency.,
• Reliability
A computer is reliable as it gives consistent result for similar set of data i.e., if we give same set of input any
number of times, we will get the same result.
Automation
Computer performs all the tasks automatically i.e. it performs tasks without manual intervention.
• Memory
A computer has built-in memory called primary memory where it stores data. Secondary storage are removable
devices such as CDs, pen drives, etc., which are also used to store data.

8. .
.

9. CAPABILITIES
.

10. 3
 Increase your productivity
Computers increase your productivity and, with a good understanding of the software running on them, you
become more productive at everything you do.
 Better understanding of data
Computers can also give you a better understanding of data and big data. For example, a business could have
a database of items they've sold. Using that data, they can quickly identify what sells best at what time of year,
when to mark up or down items, and what items are not selling.
 Sometimes Find love in your life
Millions of people have found the love of their lives on the Internet through online dating sites. Computers and the
Internet make it easier to connect with other people around the world interested in the same things.
CAPABILITIESOF COMPUTERSYSTEM

11.  Help you learn New things
One of the most significant impacts computers have on our community is when computers are connected to the
Internet. It is an educational tool that helps answer almost any question, teaching you anything that interests you.
 Can make you money
When connected to the Internet, a computer could help you make money in many different ways. For example,
creating and running an online store is cheaper than having a physical store.

13.  No IQ
A computer cannot act on situations that are not fed or programmed into them. They have zero IQ(Intelligent
Quotient). These outputs are completely dependent on the user’s input. That is they produce the wrong output if the
wrong input is provided instead of correcting it.
 Lack of Decision Making
A computer cannot decide on its own. Each operation that the computer performs is fed with an algorithm to perform
different processes for each situation. However, if it faces a problem that is not fed into the system, the computer is
not ready for it. It either gets corrupt or does not respond.
 Lack of Common Sense
A computer might be an automated machine still, it requires human assistance. It works only when it is provided with
some input. For example, you have to do calculations for your math homework. You will have to feed each sum to get
the output. The computer cannot read the whole homework and provide results.

14.  Human dependency
A computer is a machine and is fully automated once switched on. But it cannot work to switch itself on. The
computer also does not when to start and when to stop unless it is fed with such a program.
Some human assistance is always required in most situations. It cannot work completely on its own without
human intervention.
 Cannot Implement
A computer has huge storage and can store a hundred times more than a human brain. However, due to
lack of implementation, it proves to be useless. A computer can store a book of law but cannot implement
it.

15. The Computer system consists of mainly three types that are central processing unit (CPU),Input Devices, and Output
Devices. The Central processing unit (CPU) again consists of ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and Control Unit.
The set of instruction is presented to the computer in the form of raw data which is entered through input devices such
as keyboard or mouse.
Later this set of instructions is processed with the help of CPU [Central Processing Unit], and the computer system
produces an output with the help of output devices like printers and monitors.
A large amount of data is stored in the computer memory with the help of primary and secondary storage devices
temporarily and permanently. This is called as storage devices
The CPU is the heart | Brain of a computer because without the necessary action taken by the CPU the user cannot get
the desired output. The Central Processing Unit [CPU] is responsible for processing all the Instruction which is given
to the computer system.
Blockdiagramofcomputer

16.  Block Diagram of Computer and Its Components are mentioned for better understanding.

17. Functional Components of a Computer
System
 Input Unit:
Computers need to receive data and instructions to solve any problem. The input unit links the external world
or environment to the computer system. It consists of one or more input devices. The keyboard and mouse are
the most commonly used input devices.
 Central Processing Unit(CPU)
Once the data and instructions are received from the input device, they are to be processed in this unit. So it
can be considered the heart or brain of the computer system.
 Memory Unit:
The data and instructions required for processing have to be stored in the memory unit before actual
processing starts. Similarly, the results generated have to be preserved before it is displayed. The
memory unit thus provides space to store input data, intermediate results and final output generated.
eg: hard disks, pen drives, floppy disks.

18.  Output Unit :
It is used to print or display the result obtained by the execution of a program. Whenever the user wants output from
the computer, the control unit sends a signal to this unit to be ready to accept processed data from memory and display
it. Eg. Monitor, Printer, Speakers, etc.

19. E- GOVERNANCE
.

20.  What is E- governance?
Electronic governance or e-governance can be defined as the usage of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) by the government to provide and facilitate government services, exchange of
information, communication transactions and integration of various stand-alone systems and services.

21. .
Various public domain
 They can be employed to store and maintain accounts, personnel records, manage projects, track inventory, create
presentations and reports. They enable communication with people both within and outside the business, using
various technologies, including e-mail.
 Government short for electronic government, also known as e gov, digital government, online
government or transformational government.
 It is creating a comfortable, transparent and cheap interaction between government and citizens.
 As the era of Digital Economy evolves, the concept of good Governance assumes a greater
significance.
 Thus, e-governance will result in improved transparency, speedy information dissemination, higher
administrative efficiency and improved public services in sectors including transportation, education,
power, health, water, security etc.
Usesof computerinE-governance

22. . .
 Uses of Computer in Education
Computers are broadly getting used in the education field. They help people get different educational
materials (such as images, videos, e-books, etc.) in one place. All such information can be accessed through
the Internet. Additionally, computers are best suited for online classes, online tutoring, online examinations,
and creating assignments
 Uses of Computer in Industry
Computers are used in industries to perform various tasks, such as maintaining inventory, interior designing,
designing samples or virtual products, communicating over video conferencing, and more. Online marketing has
made it easier for people to buy products in rural areas.
 Uses of Computer in Banking
Banking has become so advanced in the past few years. Most countries use online banking systems where customers
can access their data directly using computers and the Internet. People can check their account balance, transfer
money, and pay online bills, including credit cards.
Usesof computerindifferent field

23.  Uses of computer in Entertainment
Computers nowadays are one of the best mediums for entertainment. Computers can be used to watch movies, play
games, listen to music, etc. Computers combined with MIDI instruments can be used to record audio through
artificial instruments
 Uses of computer in Robotics
Robotics is one of the emerging fields of technology that uses computers for science and engineering as well as
designing machines. These machines can be virtual (such as software bots) and physical ones that can reduce or
eliminate human workload. Additionally, some machines can perform heavy tasks that humans cannot complete, or
that may take a long time to complete. Car manufacturing was one of the first examples where robots helped to
assemble car parts and perform many other heavy tasks.

24. conclusion
Computer is very essential
thing in life.
During the past 10 years the
use of computer in education
has increased dramatically
and a wide range of
educational computers
programs are now widely
available for individual and
classroom use.

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