Computer basics

FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 主讲：李艳 From Data Manipulation to Theory of Computation 云南农业大学

Book organization Computers and Data Computer Hardware Computer Software Data Organization Advanced Topics Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Data Representation Chapter 3: Number Representation Chapter 4: Operations on Bits Chapter 5: Computer Organization Chapter 6: Computer Network Chapter 7: Operating Systems Chapter 8: Algorithms Chapter 9: Programming Languages Chapter 10: Software Engineering Chapter 11: Data Structures Chapter 12: Abstract Data Types Chapter 13: File Structures Chapter 14: Databases Chapter 15: Data compression Chapter 16: Security Chapter 17: Theory of Computation

1.1 THE COMPUTER AS A BLACK BOX ,[object Object],[object Object],Although this model can define the functionality of a computer today, it is too general. It is not clear how many types or sets of operations a machine based on this model can perform.

PROGRAMMABLE DATA PROCESSOR ,[object Object],[object Object]

Same program, different input data

Same input data, different programs

1.2 VON NEUMANN MODEL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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1.5 COMPUTER SOFTWARE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1.6 HISTORY ,[object Object],BIRTH OF ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS (1930-1950) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

COMPUTER GENERATIONS (1950-PRESENT) ,[object Object],The first generation is characterized by the emergence of commercial computers. Computers were bulky and used vacuum tubes as electric switches. ,[object Object]

The invention of integrated circuit (transistors, wiring, and other components on a single chip) reduced the cost and size of computers even further. Minicomputers appeared on the market. Software industry was born. ,[object Object],Second-generation computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. This reduced the size of computers as well as their cost. Two high-level programming languages, FORTRAN and COBOL , were invented and made programming easier. ,[object Object]

The fourth generation saw the appearance of microcomputers. Advances in the electronics industry allowed whole computer subsystems to fit on a single circuit board. This generation also saw the emergence of computer networks. ,[object Object],The fifth generation witnessed the appearance of laptop and palmtop computers, improvements in secondary storage media (CD-ROM, DVD, etc.), the use of multimedia, and the phenomenon of virtual reality. ,[object Object]

SUMMARY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SUMMARY (continued) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Computer basics

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