Traditionally, rank order absolute difference (ROAD) has a great similarity capacity for identifying whether the pixel is SPN or noiseless because statistical characteristic of ROAD is desired for a noise identifying objective. As a result, the decision based adaptive median filter (DBAMF) that is found on ROAD technique has been initially proposed for eliminating an impulsive noise since 2010. Consequently, this analyzed report focuses to examine the similarity capacity of denoising method found on DBAMF for diverse SPN Surrounding. In order to examine the denoising capacity and its obstruction of the denoising method found on DBAMF, the four original digital images, comprised of Airplane, Pepper, Girl and Lena, are examined in these computational simulations for SPN surrounding by initially contaminating the SPN with diverse intensity. Later, all contaminated digital images are denoised by the denoising method found on DBAMF. In addition, the proposed denoised image, which is computed by this DBAMF denoising method, is confronted with the other denoised images, which is computed by standard median filter (SMF), gaussian filter and adaptive median filter (AMF) for demonstrating the DBAMF capacity under subjective measurement aspect.
Satellite image compression algorithm based on the fftijma
Image compression is minimizing the size in bytes of a graphics file without degrading the quality of the
image to an unacceptable level ,the reduction in file size allows more images to be stored in a given amount
of disk or memory space, it also reduces the time required for images to be sent over the ground This paper
presents a new coding scheme for satellite images. In this study we apply the fast Fourier transform and the
scalar quantization for standard LENA image and satellite image, The results obtained after the (SQ) phase
are encoded using entropy encoding, after decompression, the results show that it is possible to achieve
higher compression ratios, more than 78%, the results are discussed in the paper.
This document describes an image denoising technique called the TWIST (Transform With Iterative Sampling and Thresholding) method. It begins with background on common types of image noise like Gaussian, salt-and-pepper, and quantization noise. It then discusses related work using eigendecomposition and the Nystrom extension for denoising. The proposed TWIST method uses the Nystrom extension to approximate the filter matrix with a low-rank matrix, allowing efficient processing of the entire image. It performs eigendecomposition on sample pixels to estimate eigenvalues and eigenvectors, then iterates this process with thresholding to denoise the image while preserving edges.
Image denoising using new adaptive based median filtersipij
Noise is a major issue while transferring images through all kinds of electronic communication. One of the
most common noise in electronic communication is an impulse noise which is caused by unstable voltage.
In this paper, the comparison of known image denoising techniques is discussed and a new technique using
the decision based approach has been used for the removal of impulse noise. All these methods can
primarily preserve image details while suppressing impulsive noise. The principle of these techniques is at
first introduced and then analysed with various simulation results using MATLAB. Most of the previously
known techniques are applicable for the denoising of images corrupted with less noise density. Here a new
decision based technique has been presented which shows better performances than those already being
used. The comparisons are made based on visual appreciation and further quantitatively by Mean Square
error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of different filtered images..
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
The document presents a technique called Edge Oriented Denoising Technique (EODT) to remove impulse noise from images. EODT uses a 7-stage pipelined architecture and requires only low computational complexity and two line memory buffers. It detects noisy pixels using an extreme data detector and estimated corrected values using an edge-oriented noise filter. A VLSI implementation of EODT is also presented, which achieves better image quality than previous methods with lower hardware costs. Simulation results show the technique can correctly identify and remove impulse noise even when noise ratios are as high as 90%.
Automatic image slice marking propagation on segmentation of dental CBCTTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a radiographic technique that has been commonly
used to help doctors provide more detailed information for further examination. Teeth segmentation on
CBCT image has many challenges such as low contrast, blurred teeth boundary and irregular contour of
the teeth. In addition, because the CBCT produces a lot of slices, in which the neighboring slices have
related information, the semi-automatic image segmentation method, that needs manual marking from
the user, becomes exhaustive and inefficient. In this research, we propose an automatic image slice
marking propagation on segmentation of dental CBCT. The segmentation result of the first slice will
be propagated as the marker for the segmentation of the next slices. The experimental results show that
the proposed method is successful in segmenting the teeth on CBCT images with the value of
Misclassification Error (ME) and Relative Foreground Area Error (RAE) of 0.112 and 0.478, respectively.
Study of Image Inpainting Technique Based on TV Modelijsrd.com
This paper is related with an image inpainting method by which we can reconstruct a damaged or missing portion of an image. A fast image inpainting algorithm based on TV (Total variational) model is proposed on the basis of analysis of local characteristics, which shows the more information around damaged pixels appears, the faster the information diffuses. The algorithm first stratifies and filters the pixels around damaged region according to priority, and then iteratively inpaint the damaged pixels from outside to inside on the grounds of priority again. By using this algorithm inpainting speed of the algorithm is faster and greater impact.
Face Recognition Using Neural Network Based Fourier Gabor Filters & Random Pr...CSCJournals
Face detection and recognition has many applications in a variety of fields such as authentication, security, video surveillance and human interaction systems. In this paper, we present a neural network system for face recognition. Feature vector based on Fourier Gabor filters is used as input of our classifier, which is a Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN). The input vector of the network will have large dimension, to reduce its feature subspace we investigate the use of the Random Projection as method of dimensionality reduction. Theory and experiment indicates the robustness of our solution.
2-Dimensional Wavelet pre-processing to extract IC-Pin information for disarr...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Due to higher processing power to cost ratio, it is now possible to replace the manual detection methods used in the IC (Integrated Circuit) industry by Image-processing based automated methods, to detect a broken pin of an IC connected on a PCB during manufacturing, which will make the process faster, easier and cheaper. In this paper an accurate and fast automatic detection method is used where the top view camera shots of PCBs are processed using advanced methods of 2-dimensional discrete wavelet pre-processing before applying edge-detection. Comparison with conventional edge detection methods such as Sobel, Prewitt and Canny edge detection without 2-D DWT is also performed. Keywords :2-dimensional wavelets, Edge detection, Machine vision, Image processing, Canny.
Satellite image compression algorithm based on the fftijma
Image compression is minimizing the size in bytes of a graphics file without degrading the quality of the
image to an unacceptable level ,the reduction in file size allows more images to be stored in a given amount
of disk or memory space, it also reduces the time required for images to be sent over the ground This paper
presents a new coding scheme for satellite images. In this study we apply the fast Fourier transform and the
scalar quantization for standard LENA image and satellite image, The results obtained after the (SQ) phase
are encoded using entropy encoding, after decompression, the results show that it is possible to achieve
higher compression ratios, more than 78%, the results are discussed in the paper.
This document describes an image denoising technique called the TWIST (Transform With Iterative Sampling and Thresholding) method. It begins with background on common types of image noise like Gaussian, salt-and-pepper, and quantization noise. It then discusses related work using eigendecomposition and the Nystrom extension for denoising. The proposed TWIST method uses the Nystrom extension to approximate the filter matrix with a low-rank matrix, allowing efficient processing of the entire image. It performs eigendecomposition on sample pixels to estimate eigenvalues and eigenvectors, then iterates this process with thresholding to denoise the image while preserving edges.
Image denoising using new adaptive based median filtersipij
Noise is a major issue while transferring images through all kinds of electronic communication. One of the
most common noise in electronic communication is an impulse noise which is caused by unstable voltage.
In this paper, the comparison of known image denoising techniques is discussed and a new technique using
the decision based approach has been used for the removal of impulse noise. All these methods can
primarily preserve image details while suppressing impulsive noise. The principle of these techniques is at
first introduced and then analysed with various simulation results using MATLAB. Most of the previously
known techniques are applicable for the denoising of images corrupted with less noise density. Here a new
decision based technique has been presented which shows better performances than those already being
used. The comparisons are made based on visual appreciation and further quantitatively by Mean Square
error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of different filtered images..
IJCER (www.ijceronline.com) International Journal of computational Engineerin...ijceronline
The document presents a technique called Edge Oriented Denoising Technique (EODT) to remove impulse noise from images. EODT uses a 7-stage pipelined architecture and requires only low computational complexity and two line memory buffers. It detects noisy pixels using an extreme data detector and estimated corrected values using an edge-oriented noise filter. A VLSI implementation of EODT is also presented, which achieves better image quality than previous methods with lower hardware costs. Simulation results show the technique can correctly identify and remove impulse noise even when noise ratios are as high as 90%.
Automatic image slice marking propagation on segmentation of dental CBCTTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a radiographic technique that has been commonly
used to help doctors provide more detailed information for further examination. Teeth segmentation on
CBCT image has many challenges such as low contrast, blurred teeth boundary and irregular contour of
the teeth. In addition, because the CBCT produces a lot of slices, in which the neighboring slices have
related information, the semi-automatic image segmentation method, that needs manual marking from
the user, becomes exhaustive and inefficient. In this research, we propose an automatic image slice
marking propagation on segmentation of dental CBCT. The segmentation result of the first slice will
be propagated as the marker for the segmentation of the next slices. The experimental results show that
the proposed method is successful in segmenting the teeth on CBCT images with the value of
Misclassification Error (ME) and Relative Foreground Area Error (RAE) of 0.112 and 0.478, respectively.
Study of Image Inpainting Technique Based on TV Modelijsrd.com
This paper is related with an image inpainting method by which we can reconstruct a damaged or missing portion of an image. A fast image inpainting algorithm based on TV (Total variational) model is proposed on the basis of analysis of local characteristics, which shows the more information around damaged pixels appears, the faster the information diffuses. The algorithm first stratifies and filters the pixels around damaged region according to priority, and then iteratively inpaint the damaged pixels from outside to inside on the grounds of priority again. By using this algorithm inpainting speed of the algorithm is faster and greater impact.
Face Recognition Using Neural Network Based Fourier Gabor Filters & Random Pr...CSCJournals
Face detection and recognition has many applications in a variety of fields such as authentication, security, video surveillance and human interaction systems. In this paper, we present a neural network system for face recognition. Feature vector based on Fourier Gabor filters is used as input of our classifier, which is a Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN). The input vector of the network will have large dimension, to reduce its feature subspace we investigate the use of the Random Projection as method of dimensionality reduction. Theory and experiment indicates the robustness of our solution.
2-Dimensional Wavelet pre-processing to extract IC-Pin information for disarr...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Due to higher processing power to cost ratio, it is now possible to replace the manual detection methods used in the IC (Integrated Circuit) industry by Image-processing based automated methods, to detect a broken pin of an IC connected on a PCB during manufacturing, which will make the process faster, easier and cheaper. In this paper an accurate and fast automatic detection method is used where the top view camera shots of PCBs are processed using advanced methods of 2-dimensional discrete wavelet pre-processing before applying edge-detection. Comparison with conventional edge detection methods such as Sobel, Prewitt and Canny edge detection without 2-D DWT is also performed. Keywords :2-dimensional wavelets, Edge detection, Machine vision, Image processing, Canny.
Detection of hard exudates using simulated annealing based thresholding mecha...csandit
This document presents a method for detecting hard exudates in retinal fundus images using simulated annealing based thresholding. The proposed method involves 5 steps: 1) median filtering to reduce noise and blur exudates, 2) image subtraction between the input and filtered images to extract bright regions, 3) application of simulated annealing to determine an optimal threshold value, 4) thresholding with the determined value to segment exudates, and 5) image addition to enhance detection. The method was tested on 10 images and achieved an overall sensitivity of 98.66% and predictivity of 98.12% according to expert evaluation, demonstrating accurate exudate detection.
Comparisons of adaptive median filter based on homogeneity level information ...IOSR Journals
This document compares different filters for removing salt and pepper noise from images, including an adaptive median filter based on homogeneity level information, discrete wavelet filters, continuous wavelet filters, and fuzzy logic filters. It evaluates the performance of each filter on lena and cameraman images corrupted with 20% salt and pepper noise using metrics like MSE and PSNR. The results show that the fuzzy logic filter achieves the highest PSNR and performs best at removing noise while preserving image details and edges. The document also includes figures illustrating the noise removal process for each filter.
Noise resistance territorial intensity-based optical flow using inverse confi...journalBEEI
This paper presents the use of the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function with the territorial intensity-based optical flow to prove the effectiveness in noise resistance environment. In general, the image’s motion vector is coded by the technique called optical flow where the sequences of the image are used to determine the motion vector. But, the accuracy rate of the motion vector is reduced when the source of image sequences is interfered by noises. This work proved that the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function can increase the percentage of accuracy in the motion vector determination by the territorial intensity-based optical flow under the noisy environment. We performed the testing with several kinds of non-Gaussian noises at several patterns of standard image sequences by analyzing the result of the motion vector in a form of the error vector magnitude (EVM) and compared it with several noise resistance techniques in territorial intensity-based optical flow method.
Image Processing for Automated Flaw Detection and CMYK model for Color Image ...IOSR Journals
This document discusses several image processing techniques for automated flaw detection in infrared thermography data, including thermal contrast computation, pulsed phase thermography, thermographic signal reconstruction, and principal component analysis. It also discusses using type-2 fuzzy logic to model uncertainties in image segmentation and classification by representing membership functions as three-dimensional rather than two-dimensional. The goal is to develop robust and automated techniques for flaw detection and sizing in carbon fiber composite materials using infrared thermography.
Segmentation of medical images using metric topology – a region growing approachIjrdt Journal
A metric topological approach to the region growing based segmentation is presented in this article. Region based growing techniques has gained a significant importance in the medical image processing field for finest of segregation of tumor detected part in the image. Conventional algorithms were concentrated on segmentation at the coarser level which failed to produce enough evidence for the validity of the algorithm. In this article a novel technique is proposed based on metric topological neighbourhood also with the introduction of new objective measure entropy, apart from the traditional validity measures of Accuracy, PSNR and MSE. This measure is introduced to prove the amount of information lost after segmentation is reduced to greater extent which elucidates the effectiveness of the algorithm. This algorithm is tested on the well known benchmarking of testing in ground truth images in par with the proposed region based growing segmented images. The results validated show the validation of effectiveness of the algorithm.
Removal of Fixed-valued Impulse Noise based on Probability of Existence of t...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a new approach for restoring images distorted by fixedvalued impulse noise. The detection process is based on finding the probability of existence of the image pixel. Extensive investigations indicate that the probability of existence of a pixel in an original image is bounded and has a maximum limit. The tested pixel is judged as original if it has probability of existence less than the threshold boundary. In many tested images, the proposed method indicates that the noisy pixels are detected efficiently. Moreover, this method is very fast, easy to implement and has an outstanding performance when compared with other well-known methods. Therefore, if the proposed filter is added as a preliminary stage to many filters, the final results will be improved.
An adaptive method for noise removal from real world imagesIAEME Publication
The document summarizes an adaptive method for noise removal from real world images. It proposes modifying the bilateral filter, which considers both spatial and intensity distances between pixels. The modified filter adapts its strength based on the local noise level in the image. It estimates the smoothing parameter by analyzing noise strength factors within blocks of different sizes. This helps determine the appropriate block size to use for a given image region. The filter aims to remove Gaussian noise while preserving edges and details to enhance image quality. Experimental results show it performs well across different images for a wide range of noise levels.
This document summarizes research on using wavelet thresholding techniques for image denoising. It begins with an introduction to wavelets and wavelet transforms. Then, it reviews several related studies on wavelet-based image denoising methods. These include using statistical modeling of wavelet coefficients, incorporating human visual system models, and considering correlations between wavelet scales. The document concludes by describing adaptive thresholding and compression techniques for denoising images in the wavelet domain.
IMAGE DENOISING BY MEDIAN FILTER IN WAVELET DOMAINijma
The details of an image with noise may be restored by removing noise through a suitable image de-noising
method. In this research, a new method of image de-noising based on using median filter (MF) in the
wavelet domain is proposed and tested. Various types of wavelet transform filters are used in conjunction
with median filter in experimenting with the proposed approach in order to obtain better results for image
de-noising process, and, consequently to select the best suited filter. Wavelet transform working on the
frequencies of sub-bands split from an image is a powerful method for analysis of images. According to this
experimental work, the proposed method presents better results than using only wavelet transform or
median filter alone. The MSE and PSNR values are used for measuring the improvement in de-noised
images.
A Hybrid Filtering Technique for Random Valued Impulse Noise Elimination on D...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a hybrid filtering technique combining an Asymmetric Trimmed Median Filter (ATMF) and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to remove random valued impulse noise from digital images. The technique performs noise removal in two steps: first using ATMF, then combining the ATMF output with the original noisy image as inputs to an ANFIS network to further refine the image. The ANFIS network is trained on three test images to optimize its parameters for improved noise removal while preserving edges and details. Simulation results showed the proposed hybrid filter performed better than other filters in terms of image denoising and detail preservation.
An Adaptive Two-level Filtering Technique for Noise Lines in Video ImagesCSCJournals
Due to narrow-band noise signals in transmission channels, visible lines of disturbance can appear in video images. In this paper, an adaptive method based on two-level filtering is proposed to enhance the visual quality of such images. In the first level, an adaptive orientation selective filter detects and clears the noisy lines in the image. In the second level, a median filter repairs defects resulting from the orientation selective filtering process and also filters the wide-band impulsive noise. It was observed that in case of periodic noisy lines in TV images, this filtering technique can sufficiently enhance the image quality and improve the SNR level.
Comparative analysis and implementation of structured edge active contour IJECEIAES
This paper proposes modified chanvese model which can be implemented on image for segmentation. The structure of paper is based on Linear structure tensor (LST) as input to the variant model. Structure tensor is a matrix illustration of partial derivative information. In the proposed model, the original image is considered as information channel for computing structure tensor. Difference of Gaussian (DOG) is featuring improvement in which we can get less blurred image than original image. In this paper LST is modified by adding intensity information to enhance orientation information. Finally Active Contour Model (ACM) is used to segment the images. The proposed algorithm is tested on various images and also on some images which have intensity inhomogeneity and results are shown. Also, the results with other algorithms like chanvese, Bhattacharya, Gabor based chanvese and Novel structure tensor based model are compared. It is verified that accuracy of proposed model is the best. The biggest advantage of proposed model is clear edge enhancement.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF UNSYMMETRICAL TRIMMED MEDIAN AS DETECTOR ON IMAGE NOI...ijistjournal
This Paper Analyze the performance of Unsymmetrical trimmed median, which is used as detector for the detection of impulse noise, Gaussian noise and mixed noise is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses a fixed 3x3 window for the increasing noise densities. The pixels in the current window are arranged in sorting order using a improved snake like sorting algorithm with reduced comparator. The processed pixel is checked for the occurrence of outliers, if the absolute difference between processed pixels is greater than fixed threshold. Under high noise densities the processed pixel is also noisy hence the median is checked using the above procedure. if found true then the pixel is considered as noisy hence the corrupted pixel is replaced by the median of the current processing window. If median is also noisy then replace the corrupted pixel with unsymmetrical trimmed median else if the pixel is termed uncorrupted and left unaltered. The proposed algorithm (PA) is tested on varying detail images for various noises. The proposed algorithm effectively removes the high density fixed value impulse noise, low density random valued impulse noise, low density Gaussian noise and lower proportion of mixed noise. The proposed algorithm is targeted on Xc3e5000-5fg900 FPGA using Xilinx 7.1 compiler version which requires less number of slices, optimum speed and low power when compared to the other median finding architectures.
This document provides a review of various approaches for image inpainting, which is the process of restoring lost or damaged parts of an image. It discusses partial differential equation (PDE) based inpainting, exemplar based inpainting, texture synthesis based inpainting, and hybrid inpainting approaches. PDE based methods diffuse image information into missing regions but can produce blurry results for large textures. Exemplar based methods iteratively copy patches from surrounding areas to fill missing regions, better preserving textures but being computationally expensive. The document provides an overview of different inpainting techniques and their applications and limitations.
Enhancement of genetic image watermarking robust against cropping attackijfcstjournal
The enhancement of image watermarking algorithm robust against particular attack by using genetic
algorithm is presented here. There is a trade-off between imperceptibility and robustness in image
watermarking. To preserve both of these characteristics in digital image watermarking in a logical value,
the genetic algorithm is used. Some factors were introduced for providing robustness of image
watermarking against cropping attack such as the Centre of Interest Proximity Factor (CIPF), the
Complexity Factor (CF) and the Priority Coefficient (PC).
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Nonlinear Transformation Based Detection And Directional Mean Filter to Remo...IJMER
In this paper, a novel two stage algorithm for the removal of random valued impulse noise
from the images is presented. In the first stage the noise pixels are detected by using an exponential
nonlinear function. The transformation of the pixels increases the gap between noisy and noise free
candidates which leads to an efficient detection. In the second stage, the directional differences between
the pixels in the four main directions are calculated. The mean values of the pixels which lie in the
direction of minimum difference are calculated and the noisy pixel values are replaced with the mean
value of the pixels lying in the direction of minimum difference. Experimental results show that proposed
method is superior to the conventional methods in peak signal to noise ratio.
Image De-noising on Strip Steel Surface Defect Using Improved Compressive Sen...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
De-noising for the strip steel surface defect image is conductive to the accurate detection of the strip steel
surface defects. In order to filter the Gaussian noise and salt and pepper noise of strip steel surface defect
images, an improved compressive sensing algorithm was applied to defect image de-noising in this paper.
First, the improved Regularized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm was described. Then, three typical
surface defects (scratch, scar, surface upwarping) images were selected as the experimental samples. Last,
detailed experimental tests were carried out to the strip steel surface defect image de-noising. Through
comparison and analysis of the test results, the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio value of the proposed algorithm
is higher compared with other traditional de-noising algorithm, and the running time of the proposed algorithm
is only26.6% of that of traditional Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithms. Therefore, it has better de-noising
effect and can meet the requirements of real-time image processing.
IRJET- SEPD Technique for Removal of Salt and Pepper Noise in Digital ImagesIRJET Journal
This document describes a technique called SEPD (Simple Edge-Preserved Denoising) for removing salt and pepper noise from digital images. SEPD uses a 3x3 pixel window to detect and filter impulse noise while preserving edges. It works by detecting minimum and maximum pixel values (extreme values) in the window, and then uses any directional edges present to estimate the value of the central pixel if it contains impulse noise. The proposed SEPD technique was implemented in VLSI with low computational complexity and memory requirements, making it suitable for real-time embedded applications. Experimental results showed the SEPD technique achieved better image quality than previous methods while using less hardware resources.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses techniques for automatic speech recognition that incorporate modulation domain enhancement. It begins by introducing the topic of speech enhancement to reduce background noise and improve speech recognition. It then describes several existing noise reduction techniques like Wiener filtering and wavelet-based methods. The document focuses on using spectral subtraction to reduce noise by measuring and subtracting the noise spectrum from the noisy speech spectrum. It presents the workflow which involves segmenting speech into frames, applying FFT to extract magnitude and phase, estimating noise spectrum, and subtracting it from noisy speech. Simulation results on emotion recognition accuracy using KNN filtering, FFT, and mel-frequency cepstral coefficients are shown. The proposed method is found to significantly reduce low noise compared to other techniques.
Detection of hard exudates using simulated annealing based thresholding mecha...csandit
This document presents a method for detecting hard exudates in retinal fundus images using simulated annealing based thresholding. The proposed method involves 5 steps: 1) median filtering to reduce noise and blur exudates, 2) image subtraction between the input and filtered images to extract bright regions, 3) application of simulated annealing to determine an optimal threshold value, 4) thresholding with the determined value to segment exudates, and 5) image addition to enhance detection. The method was tested on 10 images and achieved an overall sensitivity of 98.66% and predictivity of 98.12% according to expert evaluation, demonstrating accurate exudate detection.
Comparisons of adaptive median filter based on homogeneity level information ...IOSR Journals
This document compares different filters for removing salt and pepper noise from images, including an adaptive median filter based on homogeneity level information, discrete wavelet filters, continuous wavelet filters, and fuzzy logic filters. It evaluates the performance of each filter on lena and cameraman images corrupted with 20% salt and pepper noise using metrics like MSE and PSNR. The results show that the fuzzy logic filter achieves the highest PSNR and performs best at removing noise while preserving image details and edges. The document also includes figures illustrating the noise removal process for each filter.
Noise resistance territorial intensity-based optical flow using inverse confi...journalBEEI
This paper presents the use of the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function with the territorial intensity-based optical flow to prove the effectiveness in noise resistance environment. In general, the image’s motion vector is coded by the technique called optical flow where the sequences of the image are used to determine the motion vector. But, the accuracy rate of the motion vector is reduced when the source of image sequences is interfered by noises. This work proved that the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function can increase the percentage of accuracy in the motion vector determination by the territorial intensity-based optical flow under the noisy environment. We performed the testing with several kinds of non-Gaussian noises at several patterns of standard image sequences by analyzing the result of the motion vector in a form of the error vector magnitude (EVM) and compared it with several noise resistance techniques in territorial intensity-based optical flow method.
Image Processing for Automated Flaw Detection and CMYK model for Color Image ...IOSR Journals
This document discusses several image processing techniques for automated flaw detection in infrared thermography data, including thermal contrast computation, pulsed phase thermography, thermographic signal reconstruction, and principal component analysis. It also discusses using type-2 fuzzy logic to model uncertainties in image segmentation and classification by representing membership functions as three-dimensional rather than two-dimensional. The goal is to develop robust and automated techniques for flaw detection and sizing in carbon fiber composite materials using infrared thermography.
Segmentation of medical images using metric topology – a region growing approachIjrdt Journal
A metric topological approach to the region growing based segmentation is presented in this article. Region based growing techniques has gained a significant importance in the medical image processing field for finest of segregation of tumor detected part in the image. Conventional algorithms were concentrated on segmentation at the coarser level which failed to produce enough evidence for the validity of the algorithm. In this article a novel technique is proposed based on metric topological neighbourhood also with the introduction of new objective measure entropy, apart from the traditional validity measures of Accuracy, PSNR and MSE. This measure is introduced to prove the amount of information lost after segmentation is reduced to greater extent which elucidates the effectiveness of the algorithm. This algorithm is tested on the well known benchmarking of testing in ground truth images in par with the proposed region based growing segmented images. The results validated show the validation of effectiveness of the algorithm.
Removal of Fixed-valued Impulse Noise based on Probability of Existence of t...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a new approach for restoring images distorted by fixedvalued impulse noise. The detection process is based on finding the probability of existence of the image pixel. Extensive investigations indicate that the probability of existence of a pixel in an original image is bounded and has a maximum limit. The tested pixel is judged as original if it has probability of existence less than the threshold boundary. In many tested images, the proposed method indicates that the noisy pixels are detected efficiently. Moreover, this method is very fast, easy to implement and has an outstanding performance when compared with other well-known methods. Therefore, if the proposed filter is added as a preliminary stage to many filters, the final results will be improved.
An adaptive method for noise removal from real world imagesIAEME Publication
The document summarizes an adaptive method for noise removal from real world images. It proposes modifying the bilateral filter, which considers both spatial and intensity distances between pixels. The modified filter adapts its strength based on the local noise level in the image. It estimates the smoothing parameter by analyzing noise strength factors within blocks of different sizes. This helps determine the appropriate block size to use for a given image region. The filter aims to remove Gaussian noise while preserving edges and details to enhance image quality. Experimental results show it performs well across different images for a wide range of noise levels.
This document summarizes research on using wavelet thresholding techniques for image denoising. It begins with an introduction to wavelets and wavelet transforms. Then, it reviews several related studies on wavelet-based image denoising methods. These include using statistical modeling of wavelet coefficients, incorporating human visual system models, and considering correlations between wavelet scales. The document concludes by describing adaptive thresholding and compression techniques for denoising images in the wavelet domain.
IMAGE DENOISING BY MEDIAN FILTER IN WAVELET DOMAINijma
The details of an image with noise may be restored by removing noise through a suitable image de-noising
method. In this research, a new method of image de-noising based on using median filter (MF) in the
wavelet domain is proposed and tested. Various types of wavelet transform filters are used in conjunction
with median filter in experimenting with the proposed approach in order to obtain better results for image
de-noising process, and, consequently to select the best suited filter. Wavelet transform working on the
frequencies of sub-bands split from an image is a powerful method for analysis of images. According to this
experimental work, the proposed method presents better results than using only wavelet transform or
median filter alone. The MSE and PSNR values are used for measuring the improvement in de-noised
images.
A Hybrid Filtering Technique for Random Valued Impulse Noise Elimination on D...IDES Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a hybrid filtering technique combining an Asymmetric Trimmed Median Filter (ATMF) and an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to remove random valued impulse noise from digital images. The technique performs noise removal in two steps: first using ATMF, then combining the ATMF output with the original noisy image as inputs to an ANFIS network to further refine the image. The ANFIS network is trained on three test images to optimize its parameters for improved noise removal while preserving edges and details. Simulation results showed the proposed hybrid filter performed better than other filters in terms of image denoising and detail preservation.
An Adaptive Two-level Filtering Technique for Noise Lines in Video ImagesCSCJournals
Due to narrow-band noise signals in transmission channels, visible lines of disturbance can appear in video images. In this paper, an adaptive method based on two-level filtering is proposed to enhance the visual quality of such images. In the first level, an adaptive orientation selective filter detects and clears the noisy lines in the image. In the second level, a median filter repairs defects resulting from the orientation selective filtering process and also filters the wide-band impulsive noise. It was observed that in case of periodic noisy lines in TV images, this filtering technique can sufficiently enhance the image quality and improve the SNR level.
Comparative analysis and implementation of structured edge active contour IJECEIAES
This paper proposes modified chanvese model which can be implemented on image for segmentation. The structure of paper is based on Linear structure tensor (LST) as input to the variant model. Structure tensor is a matrix illustration of partial derivative information. In the proposed model, the original image is considered as information channel for computing structure tensor. Difference of Gaussian (DOG) is featuring improvement in which we can get less blurred image than original image. In this paper LST is modified by adding intensity information to enhance orientation information. Finally Active Contour Model (ACM) is used to segment the images. The proposed algorithm is tested on various images and also on some images which have intensity inhomogeneity and results are shown. Also, the results with other algorithms like chanvese, Bhattacharya, Gabor based chanvese and Novel structure tensor based model are compared. It is verified that accuracy of proposed model is the best. The biggest advantage of proposed model is clear edge enhancement.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF UNSYMMETRICAL TRIMMED MEDIAN AS DETECTOR ON IMAGE NOI...ijistjournal
This Paper Analyze the performance of Unsymmetrical trimmed median, which is used as detector for the detection of impulse noise, Gaussian noise and mixed noise is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses a fixed 3x3 window for the increasing noise densities. The pixels in the current window are arranged in sorting order using a improved snake like sorting algorithm with reduced comparator. The processed pixel is checked for the occurrence of outliers, if the absolute difference between processed pixels is greater than fixed threshold. Under high noise densities the processed pixel is also noisy hence the median is checked using the above procedure. if found true then the pixel is considered as noisy hence the corrupted pixel is replaced by the median of the current processing window. If median is also noisy then replace the corrupted pixel with unsymmetrical trimmed median else if the pixel is termed uncorrupted and left unaltered. The proposed algorithm (PA) is tested on varying detail images for various noises. The proposed algorithm effectively removes the high density fixed value impulse noise, low density random valued impulse noise, low density Gaussian noise and lower proportion of mixed noise. The proposed algorithm is targeted on Xc3e5000-5fg900 FPGA using Xilinx 7.1 compiler version which requires less number of slices, optimum speed and low power when compared to the other median finding architectures.
This document provides a review of various approaches for image inpainting, which is the process of restoring lost or damaged parts of an image. It discusses partial differential equation (PDE) based inpainting, exemplar based inpainting, texture synthesis based inpainting, and hybrid inpainting approaches. PDE based methods diffuse image information into missing regions but can produce blurry results for large textures. Exemplar based methods iteratively copy patches from surrounding areas to fill missing regions, better preserving textures but being computationally expensive. The document provides an overview of different inpainting techniques and their applications and limitations.
Enhancement of genetic image watermarking robust against cropping attackijfcstjournal
The enhancement of image watermarking algorithm robust against particular attack by using genetic
algorithm is presented here. There is a trade-off between imperceptibility and robustness in image
watermarking. To preserve both of these characteristics in digital image watermarking in a logical value,
the genetic algorithm is used. Some factors were introduced for providing robustness of image
watermarking against cropping attack such as the Centre of Interest Proximity Factor (CIPF), the
Complexity Factor (CF) and the Priority Coefficient (PC).
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Nonlinear Transformation Based Detection And Directional Mean Filter to Remo...IJMER
In this paper, a novel two stage algorithm for the removal of random valued impulse noise
from the images is presented. In the first stage the noise pixels are detected by using an exponential
nonlinear function. The transformation of the pixels increases the gap between noisy and noise free
candidates which leads to an efficient detection. In the second stage, the directional differences between
the pixels in the four main directions are calculated. The mean values of the pixels which lie in the
direction of minimum difference are calculated and the noisy pixel values are replaced with the mean
value of the pixels lying in the direction of minimum difference. Experimental results show that proposed
method is superior to the conventional methods in peak signal to noise ratio.
Image De-noising on Strip Steel Surface Defect Using Improved Compressive Sen...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
De-noising for the strip steel surface defect image is conductive to the accurate detection of the strip steel
surface defects. In order to filter the Gaussian noise and salt and pepper noise of strip steel surface defect
images, an improved compressive sensing algorithm was applied to defect image de-noising in this paper.
First, the improved Regularized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm was described. Then, three typical
surface defects (scratch, scar, surface upwarping) images were selected as the experimental samples. Last,
detailed experimental tests were carried out to the strip steel surface defect image de-noising. Through
comparison and analysis of the test results, the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio value of the proposed algorithm
is higher compared with other traditional de-noising algorithm, and the running time of the proposed algorithm
is only26.6% of that of traditional Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithms. Therefore, it has better de-noising
effect and can meet the requirements of real-time image processing.
IRJET- SEPD Technique for Removal of Salt and Pepper Noise in Digital ImagesIRJET Journal
This document describes a technique called SEPD (Simple Edge-Preserved Denoising) for removing salt and pepper noise from digital images. SEPD uses a 3x3 pixel window to detect and filter impulse noise while preserving edges. It works by detecting minimum and maximum pixel values (extreme values) in the window, and then uses any directional edges present to estimate the value of the central pixel if it contains impulse noise. The proposed SEPD technique was implemented in VLSI with low computational complexity and memory requirements, making it suitable for real-time embedded applications. Experimental results showed the SEPD technique achieved better image quality than previous methods while using less hardware resources.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses techniques for automatic speech recognition that incorporate modulation domain enhancement. It begins by introducing the topic of speech enhancement to reduce background noise and improve speech recognition. It then describes several existing noise reduction techniques like Wiener filtering and wavelet-based methods. The document focuses on using spectral subtraction to reduce noise by measuring and subtracting the noise spectrum from the noisy speech spectrum. It presents the workflow which involves segmenting speech into frames, applying FFT to extract magnitude and phase, estimating noise spectrum, and subtracting it from noisy speech. Simulation results on emotion recognition accuracy using KNN filtering, FFT, and mel-frequency cepstral coefficients are shown. The proposed method is found to significantly reduce low noise compared to other techniques.
IRJET- Performance Evaluation of DOA Estimation using MUSIC and Beamformi...IRJET Journal
This document presents a simulation study comparing the MUSIC algorithm and LMS adaptive beamforming algorithm for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and beamforming in a smart antenna system. The MUSIC algorithm uses eigendecomposition to estimate the DOA of multiple signals and finds the position location of the desired user. The LMS algorithm then adapts the beam pattern by adjusting weights to maximize gain towards the desired user while nulling interference from other directions. The simulation results show sharp peaks in the MUSIC spectrum to accurately locate the desired user and deep nulls in the LMS beam pattern to suppress interference.
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...ijistjournal
The document describes a novel algorithm for despeckling synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images using particle swarm optimization (PSO) in the curvelet domain. The algorithm first identifies homogeneous regions in the speckled image using variance calculations. It then uses PSO to optimize the thresholding of curvelet coefficients, with the objective of minimizing the average power spectral value. This provides an optimized threshold to apply curvelet-based despeckling. The proposed method is tested on standard images and shown to outperform conventional filters like median and Lee filters in reducing speckle noise.
DESPECKLING OF SAR IMAGES BY OPTIMIZING AVERAGED POWER SPECTRAL VALUE IN CURV...ijistjournal
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are inherently affected by multiplicative speckle noise, due to the coherent nature of scattering phenomena. In this paper, a novel algorithm capable of suppressing speckle noise using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is presented. The algorithm initially identifies homogenous region from the corrupted image and uses PSO to optimize the Thresholding of curvelet coefficients to recover the original image. Average Power Spectrum Value (APSV) has been used as objective function of PSO. The Proposed algorithm removes Speckle noise effectively and the performance of the algorithm is tested and compared with Mean filter, Median filter, Lee filter, Statistic Lee filter, Kuan filter, frost filter and gamma filter., outperforming conventional filtering methods.
Rolling Element Bearing Condition Monitoring using Filtered Acoustic Emission IJECEIAES
This document summarizes research on using filtered acoustic emission signals to monitor the condition of rolling element bearings. The researchers collected acoustic emission data from both healthy and defective bearings. They applied three active noise cancellation techniques (LMS, EMD, wavelet) to filter the noisy acoustic signals and compared their performance based on SNR and MSE, finding that EMD provided the best filtering. Time, frequency, and time-frequency analyses were then used to analyze the filtered signals and diagnose bearing faults. The analyses clearly showed differences between healthy and defective bearings and could detect different types of defects. The research demonstrates that acoustic emission monitoring combined with noise filtering is effective for rolling element bearing condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF UNSYMMETRICAL TRIMMED MEDIAN AS DETECTOR ON IMAGE NOI...ijistjournal
This Paper Analyze the performance of Unsymmetrical trimmed median, which is used as detector for the detection of impulse noise, Gaussian noise and mixed noise is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses a fixed 3x3 window for the increasing noise densities. The pixels in the current window are arranged in sorting order using a improved snake like sorting algorithm with reduced comparator. The processed pixel is checked for the occurrence of outliers, if the absolute difference between processed pixels is greater than fixed threshold. Under high noise densities the processed pixel is also noisy hence the median is checked using the above procedure. if found true then the pixel is considered as noisy hence the corrupted pixel is replaced by the median of the current processing window. If median is also noisy then replace the corrupted pixel with unsymmetrical trimmed median else if the pixel is termed uncorrupted and left unaltered. The proposed algorithm (PA) is tested on varying detail images for various noises. The proposed algorithm effectively removes the high density fixed value impulse noise, low density random valued impulse noise, low density Gaussian noise and lower proportion of mixed noise. The proposed algorithm is targeted on Xc3e5000-5fg900 FPGA using Xilinx 7.1 compiler version which requires less number of slices, optimum speed and low power when compared to the other median finding architectures.
Analysis of Phase Noise and Gaussian Noise in terms of Average BER for DP 16-...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes phase noise and Gaussian noise in terms of average bit error rate (BER) for a 112 Gbps dual polarization 16-QAM (DP 16-QAM) optical coherent receiver using digital signal processing (DSP) and different digital filters. It first describes the DP 16-QAM coherent receiver system and the DSP techniques used, including carrier phase estimation. It then simulates the system using Optisystem and MATLAB software and analyzes the phase noise before carrier phase estimation and Gaussian noise after by plotting average BER versus optical signal-to-noise ratio for various filter types and orders. The results show that the 3rd order Gaussian filter provided the lowest average BER and therefore the best noise performance.
Enhanced modulation spectral subtraction for IOVT speech recognition applicationIRJET Journal
This document proposes an Enhanced Modulation Spectral Subtraction (EMSS) method for enhancing noisy speech signals to improve speech recognition performance in Internet of Vehicle Things (IOVT) systems. The EMSS method uses a two-stage analysis-modification-synthesis framework, applying short-time Fourier transform first at the acoustic level and then again at the modulation level to extract modulation spectra. At the modulation level, noise is estimated and subtracted from the noisy modulation spectra. Evaluation on speech emotion recognition tasks with different noise types shows the EMSS method improves the signal-to-noise ratio segmentation by 39-60% compared to traditional spectral subtraction and modulation spectral subtraction methods, achieving about a 50% better recognition performance.
A New Approach for Speech Enhancement Based On Eigenvalue Spectral SubtractionCSCJournals
In this paper, a phase space reconstruction-based method is proposed for speech enhancement. The method embeds the noisy signal into a high dimensional reconstructed phase space and uses Spectral Subtraction idea. The advantages of the proposed method are fast performance, high SNR and good MOS. In order to evaluate the proposed method, ten signals of TIMIT database mixed with the white additive Gaussian noise and then the method was implemented. The efficiency of the proposed method was evaluated by using qualitative and quantitative criteria.
A NOVEL ALGORITHM FOR IMAGE DENOISING USING DT-CWT sipij
This paper addresses image enhancement system consisting of image denoising technique based on Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) . The proposed algorithm at the outset models the noisy remote sensing image (NRSI) statistically by aptly amalgamating the structural features and textures from it. This statistical model is decomposed using DTCWT with Tap-10 or length-10 filter banks based on
Farras wavelet implementation and sub band coefficients are suitably modeled to denoise with a method which is efficiently organized by combining the clustering techniques with soft thresholding - softclustering technique. The clustering techniques classify the noisy and image pixels based on the
neighborhood connected component analysis(CCA), connected pixel analysis and inter-pixel intensity variance (IPIV) and calculate an appropriate threshold value for noise removal. This threshold value is used with soft thresholding technique to denoise the image .Experimental results shows that that the
proposed technique outperforms the conventional and state-of-the-art techniques .It is also evaluated that the denoised images using DTCWT (Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform) is better balance between smoothness and accuracy than the DWT.. We used the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) along with
RMSE to assess the quality of denoised images.
CHANNEL ESTIMATION AND MULTIUSER DETECTION IN ASYNCHRONOUS SATELLITE COMMUNIC...ijwmn
In this paper, we propose a new method of channel estimation for asynchronous additive white Gaussian noise channels in satellite communications. This method is based on signals correlation and multiuser interference cancellation which adopts a successive structure. Propagation delays and signals amplitudes are jointly estimated in order to be used for data detection at the receiver. As, a multiuser detector, a single stage successive interference cancellation (SIC) architecture is analyzed and integrated to the channel estimation technique and the whole system is evaluated. The satellite access method adopted is the direct sequence code division multiple access (DS CDMA) one. To evaluate the channel estimation and the detection technique, we have simulated a satellite uplink with an asynchronous multiuser access.
Multi-way Array Decomposition on Acoustic Source Separation for Fault Diagnos...IJECEIAES
In this study, we propose a multi-way array decomposition approach to solve the complexity of approximate joint diagonalization process for fault diagnosis of a motor-pump system. Sources used in this study came from drive end-motor, nondrive end-motor, drive end pump, and nondrive end pump. An approximate joint diagonalization is a common approach to resolving an underdetermined cases in blind source separation. However, it has quite heavy computation and requires more complexity. In this study, we use an acoustic emission to detect faults based on multi-way array decomposition approach. Based on the obtained results, the difference types of machinery fault such as misalignment and outer bearing fault can be detected by vibration spectrum and estimated acoustic spectrum. The performance of proposed method is evaluated using MSE and LSD. Based on the results of the separation, the estimated signal of the nondrive end pump is the closest to the baseline signal compared to other signals with LSD is 1.914 and MSE is 0.0707. The instantaneous frequency of the estimated source signal will also be compared with the vibration signal in frequency spectrum to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.
This document summarizes an article that proposes an adaptive nonlinear filtering technique for image restoration. It begins by discussing common types of image noise and degradation models. It then discusses existing median filtering and adaptive filtering techniques that aim to remove noise while preserving edges. The paper proposes a new adaptive length median/mean algorithm that can simultaneously remove noise artifacts like impulses, strip lines, drop lines, band missing, and blotches. It detects corrupted pixels and evaluates new pixels to replace them. The algorithm switches between median and mean filtering depending on noise levels to better preserve details. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated based on metrics like mean square error and peak signal-to-noise ratio. The algorithm is found to outperform standard techniques in
Speech Processing in Stressing Co-Channel Interference Using the Wigner Distr...CSCJournals
The Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) can provide significant interference suppression (IS) over other techniques in real-life non-stationary environments because it can operate with very few samples. However, the optimum rotational parameter ‘a’ must first be estimated. Recently, a new method to estimate ‘a’ based on the value that minimizes the projection of the product of the Wigner Distributions (WDs) of the signal-of-interest (SOI) and interference was proposed. This is more easily calculated by recognizing its equivalency to choosing ‘a’ for which the product of the energies of the SOI and interference in the FrFT domain is minimized, termed the WD-FrFT algorithm. The algorithm was shown to estimate ‘a’ more accurately than minimum mean square error FrFT (MMSE-FrFT) methods and perform far better than MMSE Fast Fourier Transform (MMSE-FFT) methods, which only operate in the frequency domain. The WD-FrFT algorithm significantly improves interference suppression (IS) capability, even at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we apply the proposed WD-FrFT technique to recovering a speech signal in non-stationary co-channel interference. Using mean-square error (MSE) between the SOI and its estimate as the performance metric, we show that the technique greatly outperforms the conventional methods, MMSE-FrFT and MMSE-FFT, which fail with just one non-stationary interferer, and continues to perform well in the presence of severe co-channel interference (CCI) consisting of multiple, equal power, non-stationary interferers. This method therefore has great potential for separating co-channel signals in harsh, noisy, non-stationary environments.
IRJET-Weather Radar Range Velocity Ambiguity Analysis using Staggered PRTIRJET Journal
The document discusses the staggered pulse repetition time (SPRT) algorithm used to mitigate range and velocity ambiguities in Doppler weather radars. SPRT works by decreasing velocity aliasing while extending radar coverage using alternating longer and shorter pulse repetition times. There were three main issues in implementing SPRT: 1) providing adequate clutter filter suppression, 2) resolving overlaid echoes, and 3) obtaining quality Doppler estimates with low variance. Spectral filtering techniques helped address clutter filtering and estimate quality. Ensuring the shortest PRT unambiguous range encompassed expected weather ranges helped address overlaid echoes. SPRT allows independently selecting the unambiguous velocity and range, equivalent to a uniform PRT, improving weather monitoring with radar.
IMAGE AUTHENTICATION THROUGH ZTRANSFORM WITH LOW ENERGY AND BANDWIDTH (IAZT)IJNSA Journal
In this paper a Z-transform based image authentication technique termed as IAZT has been proposed to authenticate gray scale images. The technique uses energy efficient and low bandwidth based invisible data embedding with a minimal computational complexity. Near about half of the bandwidth is required compared to the traditional Z–transform while transmitting the multimedia contents such as images with authenticating message through network. This authenticating technique may be used for copyright protection or ownership verification. Experimental results are computed and compared with the existing authentication techniques like Li’s method [11], SCDFT [13], Region-Based method [14] and many more based on Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Image Fidelity (IF), Universal Quality Image (UQI) and Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM) which shows better performance in IAZT.
IMAGE AUTHENTICATION THROUGH ZTRANSFORM WITH LOW ENERGY AND BANDWIDTH (IAZT)IJNSA Journal
In this paper a Z-transform based image authentication technique termed as IAZT has been proposed to
authenticate gray scale images. The technique uses energy efficient and low bandwidth based invisible data
embedding with a minimal computational complexity. Near about half of the bandwidth is required
compared to the traditional Z–transform while transmitting the multimedia contents such as images with
authenticating message through network. This authenticating technique may be used for copyright
protection or ownership verification. Experimental results are computed and compared with the existing
authentication techniques like Li’s method [11], SCDFT [13], Region-Based method [14] and many more
based on Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Image Fidelity (IF), Universal
Quality Image (UQI) and Structural Similarity Index Measurement (SSIM) which shows better performance
in IAZT.
Similar to Computational scrutiny of image denoising method found on DBAMF under SPN surrounding (20)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
Levelised Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) Calculator ManualMassimo Talia
The aim of this manual is to explain the
methodology behind the Levelized Cost of
Hydrogen (LCOH) calculator. Moreover, this
manual also demonstrates how the calculator
can be used for estimating the expenses associated with hydrogen production in Europe
using low-temperature electrolysis considering different sources of electricity
A high-Speed Communication System is based on the Design of a Bi-NoC Router, ...DharmaBanothu
The Network on Chip (NoC) has emerged as an effective
solution for intercommunication infrastructure within System on
Chip (SoC) designs, overcoming the limitations of traditional
methods that face significant bottlenecks. However, the complexity
of NoC design presents numerous challenges related to
performance metrics such as scalability, latency, power
consumption, and signal integrity. This project addresses the
issues within the router's memory unit and proposes an enhanced
memory structure. To achieve efficient data transfer, FIFO buffers
are implemented in distributed RAM and virtual channels for
FPGA-based NoC. The project introduces advanced FIFO-based
memory units within the NoC router, assessing their performance
in a Bi-directional NoC (Bi-NoC) configuration. The primary
objective is to reduce the router's workload while enhancing the
FIFO internal structure. To further improve data transfer speed,
a Bi-NoC with a self-configurable intercommunication channel is
suggested. Simulation and synthesis results demonstrate
guaranteed throughput, predictable latency, and equitable
network access, showing significant improvement over previous
designs
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
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Determination of Equivalent Circuit parameters and performance characteristic...pvpriya2
Includes the testing of induction motor to draw the circle diagram of induction motor with step wise procedure and calculation for the same. Also explains the working and application of Induction generator
2. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 4, August 2020 : 4109 - 4117
4110
method is implemented on SPN at diverse intensity. Consequently, this analyzed report focuses to examine
the similarity capacity of denoising method found on DBAMF [3] for diverse SPN surrounding in order to
analytically understand its upper bound of its performance and its limitation for future implementations.
2. THE PRIMARY CONCEPT OF DBAMF
The distorted portrait is mathematically explained as Y and the portrait intensity is mathematically
explained as ,y i j . The DBAMF scheme [3, 25] can be separated into two primary schemes: noise
recognizing scheme and noise repairing scheme, which can be comprehensively reviewed as upcoming.
2.1. The primary concept of noise recognizing scheme
The performing arithmetic concept of the noise recognizing scheme can be reviewed as.
Determine the calculated square region 3 3W at 3 3 ( 3w ) of the processed portrait pixels at ,i j
coordination.
Determine the absolute difference (
, ,s t i jD y
) with normalization, so called NAD, of the processed
portrait pixel with middlemost coordination
,i j
, which can be comprehensively clarified as upcoming.
, , , ,t 255s t i j i j sD y y y (1)
Determine the vector of absolute difference ( , ,s t i jD y ) with normalization, so called NROAD
(the processed portrait pixel with middlemost coordination ,i j ), which are aligned for storing only five
undermost values from eigh values in the calculated square region. Later, the statistical mean of NROAD
can be comprehensively clarified as upcoming.
51
5 , ,5 1
ROADm s t i jm
D y
(2)
From NROAD, if the statistical mean of NROAD, which fluctuates between 0.00 to 1.00 for all pixels
in the processed portrait, is greater than a stable constant 0T [3, 25] then the processed portrait pixel
is recognized as the distorted pixel, otherwise then the processed portrait pixel is recognized as
the noise-free pixel. Therefore, the the Noise Detected Matrix can be comprehensively clarified as upcoming.
5 0 5NDM 1,if ROAD otherwise 0,if ROADm mT T (3)
From the above noise recognizing scheme of the DBAMF, we can comprehensively display this processing
scheme in the upcoming flowchart as Figure 1.
2.2. The primary concept of noise repairing scheme
The performing arithmetic concept of the noise repairing scheme can be reviewed as.
Determine the calculated square region 3 3W at 3 3 ( 3w ) of NDM (noise detected matrix) at
,i j
coordination.
From the calculated square region of NDM, if the total noise-free pixels is fewer than three pixels then
the dimension of the calculated square region 3 3W is expanded by one and the Step 2 is reexecuted.
From the calculated square region of NDM, if the total distorted pixels is more than two pixels then
the repaired pixel is executed by as upcoming.
, ,
ˆ median ,i j i s j t FY Y s t W (4)
The duplicated sheme is re executed for every pixels in the processed portrait pixels.
From the above noise repairing scheme of the DBAMF, we can comprehensively display this processing
scheme in the upcoming flowchart as Figure 2.
3. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Computational Scrutiny of image denoising method found on… (Vorapoj Patanavijit)
4111
x-Dimensioni
Yes
3 3Set with center at ,y i jW
1i
y-Dimensionj
Yes
Start
Read Noisy Image Y
1j
No
1j j
1i i
End
No
, , , ,ts t i j i j sD y y y
5
5 , ,
1
ROADm s t i j
m
D y
, is a noiseless pixel
Noise_Detection , 0
y i j
i j
5ROAD 40m
No Noiseless
Yes
Noisy
, is a noisy pixel
Noise_Detection , 1
y i j
i j
x-Dimensioni
Yes
1i
y-Dimensionj
Yes
Start
Read Noisy Image Y
1j
No
1j j
1i i
End
No
, is noisy pixely i j
Yes Noisy Pixel
Noiseless
No
Pixel
_ 3Noiseless Pixels
, ,median ,i j i s j t FY X s t W
3FW
No
1F FW W
Yes
7FW
Yes
No
Figure 1. The arithmetic concept of the noise
recognizing scheme
Figure 2. The arithmetic concept of the noise
repairing scheme
4. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 4, August 2020 : 4109 - 4117
4112
3. THE COMPUTATIONAL EXAPLE OF DBAMF CONCEPT
In first cases, this part comprehensively reviewes the calculation of the example of DBAMF noise
recognizing scheme as in Figure 3(a) for obviously reviewing the processed calculation where ,i jy
is a distored
pixel, which is distorted by for salt and pepper noise ( , 255i jy
). Later, the distored pixel is repaired as in
Figure 3(b) where the distored pixel ( , 255i jy
) is repaired to be the repaired pixel ( , 118i jy
).
1, 1
131 255
y i j
1,
121 255
y i j
1, 1
113 255
y i j
,
255
y i j
255
, 1
118 255
y i j
1, 1
255 255
y i j
1,
0 255
y i j
, 1
255 255
y i j
1, 1
110 255
y i j
1 , is a noisy datay i j , , , ,ts t i j i j sD y y y
1, 1
1 255
255
y i j
13
1,
255
255
y i j
121
1, 1
255
255
y i j
113
, 1
255
255
y i j
118
1, 1
255
255
y i j
255
1,
255
255
y i j
0
, 1
255
255
y i j
255
1, 1
255
255
y i j
110
, , , ,ts t i j i j sD y y y
5
1
5 ,
1
NROADm k i jm
m
R y
1
5 5ROLD 0 0 0 0.4863 0.5255m
1
5 5ROLD 1.0118 0.2024m
,
255
255
y i j
255
1, 1
124 255
y i j
1,
134 255
y i j
1, 1
142 255
y i j
,
0 255
y i j
, 1
137 255
y i j
1, 1
0 255
y i j
1,
255 255
y i j
, 1
0 255
y i j
1, 1
145 255
y i j
, ,sort 0,0,0,0.4863,0.5255,0.5373,0.5569,0.5686,1k i j s tR y D
, 0.4863,0.5373,0,0.5255,0,1,0.5569,0,0.5686s tD
, , , ,ts t i j i j sD y y y
1, 1
0.4863
y i j
1,
0.5255
y i j
1, 1
0.5569
y i j
,
0
y i j
, 1
0.5373
y i j
1, 1
0
y i j
1,
1.0000
y i j
, 1
0
y i j
1, 1
0.5686
y i j
401
5 255 5ROLD 0.0314
Noise Detected Image , 1 , Noisy Pixel
m
i j
If
Then
(a)
Noise Detected Image
1, 1
0
y i j
1,
0
y i j
1, 1
0
y i j
, 1
0
y i j
1, 1
1
y i j
1,
1
y i j
, 1
1
y i j
1, 1
0
y i j
,
1
y i j
noiseless pixels
133 118
ˆ , median 121
113 110
y i j
noiseless pixels
ˆ , median 131,118,121,113,110y i j
ˆ , 118y i j
1, 1
131 255
y i j
1,
121 255
y i j
1, 1
113 255
y i j
,
255
y i j
255
, 1
118 255
y i j
1, 1
255 255
y i j
1,
0 255
y i j
, 1
255 255
y i j
1, 1
110 255
y i j
1 , is a noisy datay i j
noiseless pixels
ˆ , median 110,113,118,121,131y i j
Figure 3 (a). The computer example of the noise recognizing scheme,
(b) The computer example of the noise repairing scheme
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this examining of the DBAMF denoising capacity, the calculation software in this analyzed report
is MATLAB program that is run on workstation computers with the hardware detail: the CPU is Intel
i7-6700HQ and the internal memory is 16 GB and all workstation computers simulate on diverse portraits,
5. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Computational Scrutiny of image denoising method found on… (Vorapoj Patanavijit)
4113
which are contained of Airplane, Pepper, Girl and Lena, at numerous SPN densities where all diverse
portraits that are distorted by adding synthesized SP noise. All distorted portraits are repaired for obtaining
the finest quality and best PSNR by executing the image denoising method found on DBAMF for first noise
recognizing scheme (in order to recognize whether the pixel is noise-free or noisy) and, later, noise repair
scheme (in order to repair only the noisy pixels).
4.1. The experimental investigation of noise recognizing scheme
This simulated experiment section investigates the optimized stable constant 0T for providing
the finest quality and best PSNR as shown in Table 1-4. The stable constant 0T , which fluctuates between
0.00 to 1.00 for all pixels in the processed portrait, ultimately impacts to the denoising capacity of DBAMF
method. Consequently, this computer examining comprehensively determines the stable constant 0T , which
make the finest quality and best PSNR when each distorted portrait is executed by denoising capacity of
DBAMF method. The numerous digital portraits (which are contained of Airplane, Pepper, Girl and Lena)
are used to analyze the stable constant 0T by varying from 0.00 to 0.50 at 0.025 incremented steps as
displayed in Table 1 to Table 4, respectively.
From these computer examining of Girl in Table 1, the optimized pre-specified constant 0T is about
0.1153 0.0005 or be fluctuated from 0.075 to 0.150 for making the finest DBAMF denoising capacity
From these computer examining of Pepper in Table 2, the optimized pre-specified constant 0T is about
0.10690.0010 or be fluctuated from 0.025 to 0.150 for making the finest DBAMF denoising capacity.
Table 1. The denoising capacity interconnection of PSNR and the stable constant 0T for airplane image
Table 2. The denoising capacity interconnection of PSNR and the stable constant 0T for pepper image
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From these computer examining of Lena in Table 3, the optimized pre-specified constant 0T is about
0.11250.0042 or be fluctuated from 0.050 to 0.175 for making the finest DBAMF denoising capacity.
From these computer examining of Airplane in Table 4, the optimized pre-specified constant 0T is about
0.10970.0014 or be fluctuated from 0.050 to 0.150 for making the finest DBAMF denoising capacity.
Table 3. The denoising capacity interconnection of PSNR and the stable constant 0T for girl image
Table 4. The denoising capacity interconnection of PSNR and the stable constant 0T for LENA image
4.2. The experimental investigation of image denoising method found on DBAMF
This analyzed report focuses to examine the computational scrutiny of image denoising method found on
DBAMF under SPN surrounding. In this examining of the DBAMF denoising capacity, four analyzed images,
which are contained of Airplane, Pepper, Girl and Lena, are used to analyzed by initially adding synthesized SP
noise for creating numerous distorted portraits. Later, all distorted portraits are repaired for obtaining the finest
quality and best PSNR by executing the image denoising method found on DBAMF. From the above examining,
the denoising methods by applying AMF [7, 25] and DBAMF produce the finest quality and best PSNR than other
denoising methods for instant SMF and Gaussian filter. However, the DBAMF has marginally improved than
AMF from that fact that the DBAMF is initially developed solely for random magnitude impulsive noise (RMIN)
but the AMF is developed solely for SPN. From these computer examining of the denoising capacity in Table 5(a)
for Lena and Pepper and Table 5(b) for Girl and Airplane, althrogh the DBAMF denoising method is originally
desired for RVIN, the DBAMF denoising method can provide the fine results (the denoised images with high
quality). From these inverstigation, the DBAMF method and adaptive median filter (AMF) can produce
the denoised image with finer quality and high PSNR, which is confronted with the other denoised images, which
is computed by standard median filter (SMF) and Gaussian Filter. Due to circumspection of sheet of paper, some
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(a)
(b)
Figure 4. The analysis report of noise repairing method of the DBAMF
5. CONCLUSION
This analyzed report focuses to examine the similarity capacity of denoising method found on DBAMF
for diverse SPN Surrounding. In order to examine the denoising capacity and its obstruction of the denoising
method found on DBAMF, the four original digital images, comprised of Airplane, Pepper, Girl and Lena,
are examined in these computational simulation for SPN surrounding by initially contaminating the SPN with
diverse intensity. The first constribution of this report is the optimized stable constant, which is determined from
computer simulation at SPN surrounding. Later, the second constribution of this report is the overall capacity of
denoising method found on DBAMF, confronted with the other denoised images (SMF and gaussian filter and
adaptive median filter (AMF)) under the SPN with diverse intensity.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The research project was funded by Assumption University.
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Computational Scrutiny of image denoising method found on… (Vorapoj Patanavijit)
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