Components of a Theory
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Psychoanalytic theory meets the expectations of a good theory as described by Newman and Newman. As a theory of human development, psychoanalytic theory explains how personalities and behaviors develop over time, originating from the works of Freud and Breuer. Research shows that psychoanalytic theory addresses the phenomenon under study, including its theoretical foundations, premises, and predictions. Elements of creativity such as originality and imagination are interconnected constructs explained by psychoanalytic theory.
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RESEARCH TABLE CHECKPOINT
RESEARCH TABLE CHECKPOINT
Research Table Checkpoint
Sandy Pennington
Southern New Hampshire University
Citation
Summary and Applicability to Your Project
Additional Notes
Eysenck H (2013) The structure of Human Personality (Psychology Revivals)
Offers an elaborate analysis into the perceptions of an individual that determine his drive, cognitive capacities, behavioral aspects as well as reaction to stimuli
Builds up on the behavioral theory aspect of personality theory
Larsen R, Buss D, Wismeijer A & Song J (2017) Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge about human nature
Provides an explanation into the rationality behind individual’s perceptions, thoughts, influencers and attitudes.
Expounds more on the attachment theory by offering a behavioral insight.
By creating a pictorial depiction of the individual’s perception, analyses the influence of specific characteristics on their psychological similarities and differences
Borghans L, Duckworth A & Heckman J (2008) The Economics and psychology of personality traits
Introduces the psychological development of infants and explains the influence of their background diversity to the attachment theory
Explains the individual’s personality development and formation at their earliest stages after birth.
Poropat A & Corr P (2015) Thinking Bigger: The Cronbachian Paradigm and Personality Theory Integration
Highlights the differences between the ideal and existing perceptions in regards to the personality.
Institutes a fundamental shift in analysis aspects of personality theory and their contribution to attachment theory
Places more emphasis on differences existing between individuals as well as amongst the individual himself.
Bleidorn W, Hopwood C & Wright A (2017) Using big data to advance personality theory
Enforces the application of big data in gathering information and analyzing different aspects regarding psychological science.
Has contributed immensely to development of personality traits
Has led to the development of assessment techniques which have their basis on computers in analyzing human behavioral traits
Feist J (1994) Theories of Personality
Propagates various methods of analysis psychotherapy with the contribution of personality traits.
The theory is hinged on a detailed description of the individuals’ perception of events and activities existing within him.
Provides additional information on personality theory which is vital for comprehensive analysis
References
Bleidorn W, Hopwood C & Wright A (2017) Using big data to advance personality theory
Borghans L, Duckworth A & Heckman J (2008) The Economics and psychology of personality traits
Eysenck H (2013) The structure of Human Personality (Psychology Revivals)
Feist J (1994) Theories of Personality
Larsen R, Buss D, Wismeijer A & Song J (2017) Personality Psychology: Domains of Knowledge about human nature
Poropat A & Corr P (2015) Thinking Bigger: The Cronbachian ...
Psychology, Trait Theory And The Study Of Human...
This document discusses trait theory in psychology, which views personality as consisting of habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. Trait theorists are interested in measuring traits, which can be defined as stable dispositions that differ across individuals and influence behavior. Traits are contrasted with states, which are more transitory dispositions. Some theories view traits as dimensions, with people rated along spectrums like extraversion vs. introversion. The document provides background on early theorists like Gordon Allport and discusses how traits are conceptualized in different theories and systems.
There are numerous theories of personality that form the foundat
There are numerous theories of personality that form the foundation for the theoretical orientations used by mental health professionals. Two of these theoretical orientations are psychoanalytic and trait.
The psychoanalytic theoretical orientation includes the ideas set forth by the controversial pioneer in personality theories, Sigmund Freud. His psychoanalytic personality theory describes the mind as operating on three layers: conscious, preconscious (or subconscious), and unconscious. In his theory, personality evolves from what is buried in the unconscious that drives behavior and emotion. The conflict between the conscious and unconscious creates an array of defense mechanisms that further determine thought and action. By uncovering inaccessible memories and examining them through therapy, individuals can address sources of struggle in their lives and work to alter destructive aspects of personality. Freud’s view of personality, as seen through the general use of his ideas and terms such as id, ego, and superego, has had profound influence, as has the notion of psychoanalysis, or “talk therapy,” making an understanding of Freud’s concepts vital for exploring personality theories.
The trait theoretical orientation includes the ideas of Allport, Eysenck, Cattell, and Costa and McCrae. As the name implies, trait personality theories examine how traits combine to define personality. Unlike other personality theories studied thus far, trait theory views personality as uniquely individual, shaped by the mix of traits that characterize each person. Key trait theorists diverge on the number of traits that matter and how to rank them. Allport, for example, recognized thousands of traits but emphasized three main types: cardinal (dominant, e.g., narcissism), central (major, e.g., intelligence), and secondary (transient, e.g., situational anxiety) traits. Other theorists have both expanded and contracted the number and measurement of significant traits, identifying specific factors and dimensions. As you will explore, trait theory requires consideration of the extent to which traits are predictors of behavior—such as, cardinal traits like narcissism—and in what ways they are not.
This week, you will examine two theoretical orientations - psychoanalytic and trait, including their respective theorists, cultural considerations, assessments/interventions, limitations, and unique aspects. You will also apply one theory from each orientation to a case study analysis.
Required Readings ALL are attached except Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2019).
Personality: Theory and research
(14th ed.). Wiley. I do have access to the ebook and will give you access.
Post
one key idea from the psychoanalytic theoretical orientation and one from trait theory. What is a main difference between these theoretical orientations? What is similar between these theories? Which one do you more closely align with?
Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2019).
Personality: Th ...
Examining Theory
This document summarizes research on theories of temperament. It discusses four approaches described in a 1987 paper, focusing on the approach of Buss and Plomin that defined temperament as inherited personality traits appearing early in life. The document reviews updates and validation of the Buss and Plomin approach over time as well as ongoing debates, including whether a unified theory can integrate multiple perspectives on temperament. Contributions from the Wisconsin Twin Project are also noted.
Running head MOTIVATIONAL BEHAVIOR .docx
Running head: MOTIVATIONAL BEHAVIOR 1
Motivational Behavior 2
Motivational Behavior
My name
14 July 2016
Annotated Bibliography
Deci, E. (2012). Intrinsic motivation. New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media.
Deci in this publication carried an in-depth analysis on intrinsic motivation which is basically the motivation that emanates from within an individual. In this publication, he particularly looks into how the behavior of individuals can influence their motivation by instilling habits that will increase their motivation. The language used is not only easy to read but it can also be easily understood by the novel reader and this is one of the primary reasons why was a critical source of reference for this study. Having studied psychology at some of the best institutions in the country, Deci has gained significant experience in the sector which was crucial in helping him to come up with a detailed research on the subject. This research is in alignment with the research by Wonderly (2011) and the views expressed therein are almost analogous.
Gollwitzer, P. M., & Bargh, J. A. (2009). The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Gollwitzer and Bargh (2009) in this publication looks into the psychology of action which is a critical analysis on the relationship between cognition motivation and behavior which ultimately are the important aspects in the analysis of motivation. These are some of the most experienced researchers in the area having worked in various big institutions around the world. This insightful information that they gained working in the sector is one of the reasons why this research is reliable and the validity is further enhanced by the fact that their work is published by one of the most recognizable institutions around the world. This source of reference was pivotal for this study since it provided some important information on the motivation psychological aspects that pertain to this study. It aligns with the study conducted by Miner (2008) since they share some important aspects on the theories of motivation.
Miner, J. B. (2008). Organizational behavior: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. one. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Miner is one of the most renowned researchers in the field of psychology having worked in some of the most notable universities in the United States as a psychology lecturer. In this publication, he particularly looks into the essential theories of leadership and motivation through the organizational behavior framework. His research is in tandem with the research by Gollwitzer and Bargh (2009) since they both look into the essential theories of motivation which unravels the correlation between behavior and motivation. Despi ...
Psychological Perspectives On Studying Juvenile...
This document provides an overview of trait theory in psychology and compares two prominent trait theories: Eysenck's three-factor model and the five-factor model. Trait theory proposes that personality can be described in terms of habitual patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. The document discusses key theorists in trait theory like Gordon Allport and outlines the factors in Eysenck and the five-factor model. It also notes criticisms of both approaches and how the theories relate to predicting mental health outcomes.
Chapter 3 Person-Environment Congruence (PEC) Theories Frank Pars
Chapter 3 Person-Environment Congruence (PEC) Theories: Frank Parsons, Theory of Work Adjustment, John Holland, and a Values-Based Approach
Things to Remember
Major historical events in the history of career development theorizing
The major tenets of TWA and Holland’s theory of vocational choice
Cultural values, their role in human behavior, and Brown’s values-based theory
Similarities and differences between the theory of work adjustment and Holland’s theory
O*NET applications of Holland’s and TWA theories
The theories presented in this chapter are traditional theories; they were once characterized as trait and factor theories, because needs, values, and personality types were derived via statistical techniques known as factor analysis.
Buford Stefflre, a counselor educator at Michigan State University for many years, is reputed to have coined the phrase, “There is nothing as practical as a good theory.” When this statement is conveyed to students, they are at best skeptical. Isn’t using theory and practical in the same sentence oxymoronic? Theories are obviously not fact, and what most students want are proven practices that they can use to help their clients. The problem is that many of our practices have not been investigated to a degree that will allow us to say unequivocally that they work. A good theory provides a framework for designing practices. I believe that Stefflre was right!
The Purposes and Evaluation of Theory
In Chapter 1, career development was defined as a lifelong process involving psychological, sociological, educational, economic, physical, and cultural factors that influence individuals’ selection of, adjustment to, and advancement in the occupations that collectively make up their careers. Career development is, to say the least, a complex process. Theories provide us with simplified pictures or, as Krumboltz (1994) prefers, road maps to the career development process.
There are “good” theories and “bad” theories. Krumboltz (1994) states: “Our psychological theories are as good as we know how to make them so far, but in all probability they are far short of being accurate” (p. 11). However, good theories have distinct characteristics—such as well-defined terms and constructs—that can easily be interpreted by practitioners and researchers. Just as importantly, the relationships among the constructs in the theory are clearly articulated. If the terms are clearly defined and logically interrelated, practitioners can use them as guides to practice, and researchers can generate research to test the assumptions of the theory. Moreover, good theories are comprehensive in that they explain the career development process for all groups, including men and women and individuals from various cultures and from all socioeconomic strata.
Well-constructed theories also serve other purposes. For example, they help us understand why people choose careers and then become dissatisfied with them. They also allow us to interpret d ...
The exploring nature of the assessment instrument of five factors of personal...
The exploring nature of the assessment instrument of five factors of personal...Dr. Seyed Hossein Fazeli
This document summarizes research on assessing the five factors of personality traits. It discusses four dominant models of personality (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Eysenck's model, Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, and the Big Five Theory). The Big Five Theory, which includes Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, has received the most research attention. Instruments like the NEO-PI-R are widely used to assess the five factors. While useful, critics argue the Big Five does not capture all aspects of personality.Educational Research and its future
This document discusses different views and definitions of research. It notes that research can be defined as a systematic process of gaining new information or answering questions. It also discusses research paradigms and the three main components - ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory are examined as the three major research paradigms. Key characteristics and assumptions of each are outlined. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are associated with positivism and interpretivism respectively. Specific methodologies like surveys, experiments, ethnography, phenomenology, and case studies are also discussed. The role of ethics in research is briefly covered at the end.
Personality Traits And Theories Of Personality
The document discusses personality traits and theories of personality. It defines personality as stable internal factors that make a person's behavior consistent over time and different from others in similar situations. There is a difference between moods/emotions and personality, with personality being more stable. Theories of personality traits include habitual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion. Common theories discussed include psychodynamic theories proposed by Freud about the id, ego and superego.
Human Nature & Motivation: A Comparative Analysis between Western and Islamic...
Human Nature & Motivation: A Comparative Analysis between Western and Islamic...mohd abbas abdul razak
In the fi eld of psychology, the topics on human nature and motivation
have been quite extensively discussed. These two topics are interrelated
and inseparable. Any endeavor to understand man and his potentials makes
it necessary for one to venture into the study of human nature. Major topics
in psychology like motivation, personality, creativity, psychotherapy, mental
health, etc. could be well understood with a proper understanding on human
nature. In the light of this reality, what makes this research an appealing and
interesting one is the fact that the researchers had comparatively analyzed the
ideas on human nature and motivation showcased to the world by Western and
Islamic psychologies. The fact that there exist a great number of schools of
thought in Western psychology, the researchers had narrowed their scope of
investigation to three only. As such, they discussed the ideas on human nature
and motivation as conceptualized in Psychoanalysis, Radical Behaviorism and
Humanistic psychology. Upon analyzing Western theories, the researchers
performed a compare and contrast analysis with ideas provided by Islamic
psychology on human nature and motivation. This academic exercise was done
in the hope of identifying as to whether there exist any similarity and difference between the two psychologies. Since the nature of this study was a qualitative
one, the researchers conducted a library research to collect the relevant data.
In analyzing the data related to the study, the researchers used the content and
textual analysis methods.Cross-Cultural Psychology
Cross-cultural psychology explores the relationship between minds and the complex environments that shape them. It focuses on how environments like workplaces, cultural traditions, and political systems influence basic cognitive processes. Methodology in cross-cultural psychology includes both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative methods use experimental designs and measures of correlation, while qualitative research is conducted in natural settings using methods like interviews.
A practical guide to using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in qualit...
This document provides a practical guide to using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) in qualitative research psychology. It discusses IPA's theoretical foundations in phenomenology, hermeneutics, and idiography. The document then offers guidelines for formulating research questions suited for IPA, sampling methods, and data analysis. Research topics that have been effectively studied using IPA include experiences of illness, life transitions, relationships, and identity. Sample sizes in IPA are typically small, usually 6-8 participants, in order to allow for a highly detailed case-by-case analysis.
Fawcett86
1. The relationship between theory and research is dialectical, with theory guiding what data is collected in research and research findings challenging and further developing theories.
2. Research is the method used to gather data needed to generate and test theories. Descriptive research aims to describe phenomena and involves observation, while correlational research examines relationships between variables using surveys and interviews. Experimental research tests causal explanations by manipulating variables.
3. Theories are classified as descriptive, relational, or explanatory. Descriptive theories summarize common characteristics, relational theories specify relationships between characteristics, and explanatory theories predict causal relationships and can be tested experimentally. Research designs mirror these theory types as descriptive, correlational, or experimental respectively.
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OverviewThis activity is to be completed after studying the pres.docx
OverviewThis activity is to be completed after studying the pres.docx
RESEARCH TABLE CHECKPOINTRESEARCH TABLE CHECKPOINT.docx
RESEARCH TABLE CHECKPOINTRESEARCH TABLE CHECKPOINT.docx
Psychology, Trait Theory And The Study Of Human...
Psychology, Trait Theory And The Study Of Human...
There are numerous theories of personality that form the foundat
There are numerous theories of personality that form the foundat
Psychological Perspectives On Studying Juvenile...
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Components of a Theory
- 1. Components of a Theory and Requirements of a “Good” Theory Newman and Newman (2016) informed that scientific theories are “interconnected statements” (p. 23), which include concepts, assumptions, and hypotheses. All of which explain “why” and “how” phenomena occur. Core characteristics include logic and consistency, testable hypotheses, and parsimonious theories; in other words, rather than citing six assumptions, which could suggest a more complex explanation, consider using fewer premises without removing relevant details; doing so would illustrate a parsimony theory (Newman & Newman, 2016). Does Psychoanalytic Theory Meets the Expectations of a “Good” Theory as it Relates to Creativity Psychoanalytic theory is an explanation for the development and organization of personalities. In other words, it is the primary foundation for psychoanalysis theories and treatment methods (Milton, & Polmear, 2011; Russ, 2014). As Newman and Newman (2016) noted, theories grounded in research address three core areas: the phenomenon under study including its theoretical and conceptual foundations, its premises, and its predictions. Pretend play, for example, is a therapeutic tool that is used to understand and to develop positive behaviors in children. Likewise, research shows that elements of creativity ,such as originality, resourcefulness, vision, and imagination, are interconnected constructs of pretend play; as such, both concepts play major roles in the framework of psychoanalytic theory (Russ, 2014). Explain Your Conclusion Psychoanalytic is a theory of human development, which explains, among other factors, how personalities and behaviors develop and change with time. Its origin dates to the works of Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer (Milton, & Polmear, 2011; Russ, 2014). As research shows, its components are characteristic of a “good theory” as described by Newman and Newman (2016).
- 2. References Milton, J., & Polmear, J. F. (2011). A short introduction to psychoanalysis. New York, NY: Sage Publication. Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2016). Theories of human development (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Psychology Press/Taylor & Francis. Russ, S. W. (2014). Evolutionary, psychoanalytic, and developmental theories of pretend play and creativity. In Pretend play in childhood: Foundation of adult creativity, pp. 29–43. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.