This document discusses complexity in systems and how it can be controlled using cybernetics and good design. It defines three types of complexity: descriptive complexity based on the size of a system's state space, computational complexity based on the number and length of valid trajectories through the state space, and uncertainty-based complexity based on the number of decisions that must be made. The document uses examples from transportation systems to illustrate these concepts and how a transport control system can help manage complexity by providing feedback to regulate the system and handle uncertainty. The main task is to handle complexity through system design and control.
Illustrations of the "History of Computer Art",
chap. II.1, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-II.1e.html
chap. II.2, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-II.2e.html
Intelligent transport systems from a freight company perspectivePer Olof Arnäs
A lecture on ITS from a road freight transporter perspective. It talks about general demands and trends, about digitization in the transport industry in general and with the challenged in real-time data exploitation. Also, Big data is presented from a freight transport perspective.
Real-time (Big) Data in Freight Transport - Meeting the global trendsPer Olof Arnäs
A talk (40-70 mins) on how the freight transport sector needs to face up to the megatrands of this age, and how these can be addressed partly through digital development.
Real-time data collection, processing and exploitation are discussed, as well as Big data.
It's not business as usual.
This is the internet happening to freight transport.
There is no "usual" anymore.
Get used to it.
Meeting the future - Unsolved problems in freight transport from an e-commerc...Per Olof Arnäs
The E-commerce sector is in many ways driving innovation in freight transport. In Sweden, the e-commerce industry has formulated a series of areas where the freight industry needs to be improved, either by process improvement, service development or infrastructure development.
This talk (45 mins) looks at these issues from a digital development point of view for the freight industry. A lot has to happen, but much is also possible.
Unsolved problems in freight transport - climbing the three mountaintops of r...Per Olof Arnäs
The current paradigm in freight transport is based on economies of scale, batch handling and standardization. In order to make the transport system more efficient, the industry may need to enter the real-time data world where informed decisions must be made in seconds on a large scale.
Illustrations of the "History of Computer Art",
chap. II.1, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-II.1e.html
chap. II.2, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-II.2e.html
Intelligent transport systems from a freight company perspectivePer Olof Arnäs
A lecture on ITS from a road freight transporter perspective. It talks about general demands and trends, about digitization in the transport industry in general and with the challenged in real-time data exploitation. Also, Big data is presented from a freight transport perspective.
Real-time (Big) Data in Freight Transport - Meeting the global trendsPer Olof Arnäs
A talk (40-70 mins) on how the freight transport sector needs to face up to the megatrands of this age, and how these can be addressed partly through digital development.
Real-time data collection, processing and exploitation are discussed, as well as Big data.
It's not business as usual.
This is the internet happening to freight transport.
There is no "usual" anymore.
Get used to it.
Meeting the future - Unsolved problems in freight transport from an e-commerc...Per Olof Arnäs
The E-commerce sector is in many ways driving innovation in freight transport. In Sweden, the e-commerce industry has formulated a series of areas where the freight industry needs to be improved, either by process improvement, service development or infrastructure development.
This talk (45 mins) looks at these issues from a digital development point of view for the freight industry. A lot has to happen, but much is also possible.
Unsolved problems in freight transport - climbing the three mountaintops of r...Per Olof Arnäs
The current paradigm in freight transport is based on economies of scale, batch handling and standardization. In order to make the transport system more efficient, the industry may need to enter the real-time data world where informed decisions must be made in seconds on a large scale.
Report technological revolution. Directions in the development of the transpo...Marcin Wolak
Alternative fuels, Autonomization and digitalization of the economy, Sharing economy and instant pricing, Logistics 4.0. - Automation in the supply chain, Decentralization and technology, Cybersecurity in transport, Last mile logistics
A unified approach for uml based safety oriented level crossing using fta and...Anit Thapaliya
This paper proposes a unified approach for UML based safety oriented railway level crossing using model checking and fault tree analysis. The main goal of this research is to show the possibility to combine the concept of traditional safety analysis technique FTA and formal verification technique model checking for UML based safety oriented railway level crossing system.
E commerce and freight transport - Chasing the last mile, one byte at a timePer Olof Arnäs
The freight transport industry is facing large challenges when it comes to e-commerce. This rapidly growing sector has high demands on service and performance from the freight system - demands that are seldom met with satisfaction.
Digitization and digitalization are two forces of nature that the transport industry needs to harness and exploit in order to meet these demands.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Presentation from Modelling World 2015 in London (June 4, 2015).
Big data is a game changer for the transportation industry - but the data need to be tamed.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Information Spread in the Context of Evacuation OptimizationDr. Mirko Kämpf
Abstract: Our evacuation simulation tool utilizes established algorithms for the emotional and intelligence driven motion of human beings in addition to a simple lattice gas simulation. We analyze the spread of information inside a restricted geometry of a real building and compare these results with the data from a simulation in the free space. We apply the DFA and the RIS statistic to our simulation dataset to detect phases or phase transitions of the whole system. We study the impact of communication technology by comparison of different update algorithms and exit strategies. These results help us to define basic functional requirements to the underlying communication technology and network topology as well as to the needed sensors.
IntroductionFor this assignment, you will examine the role of thTatianaMajor22
Introduction
For this assignment, you will examine the role of the nurse in caring for clients with cognitive issues. You will identify your target audience (such as staff nurses, pre-licensure nursing students, etc.) and create an orientation PowerPoint presentation (instructions below). This final assignment will reflect ability and achievement in the following areas:
· Intentional Learning, Reflection, and Clinical Judgment
· Decision Making and Evidence Based Practice
· Organization and Presentation
· Writing and APA Formatting
Objectives
· Demonstrate collaborative standardization of safe practices through health promotion.
· Integrate course concepts within management of a cognitive alteration.
Instructions
A nurse educator is preparing an orientation on cognitive illness and the workplace. There is a need to address the many clients with cognitive issues that seek healthcare services and how to better understand the needs. Choose a cognitive illness that you feel less knowledgeable about and address the following prompts by including two to three examples of each bullet point:
· Compare and contrast this illness with a physical illness (one that can be “seen”).
· Provide examples of the historical, socioeconomic, political, educational, and topographical aspects of this disease.
· Report the appropriate interdisciplinary interventions for high-risk health behaviors associated with this disease.
· Determine the influences of their value systems on management of this disease.
· Outline health-care practices, including acute versus preventive care; barriers to health care; the meaning of pain and the sick role; and cultural practices that can impact this disease.
· Identify cultural issues related to learning styles, autonomy, and educational preparation and any impact on disease management.
Your presentation should be 15-20 slides (not including title, objectives, and references slides) with detailed notes for each slide. Include at least two scholarly sources. Follow best practices for PowerPoint presentations related to text size, color, images, effects, wordiness, and multimedia enhancements. Review the rubric criteria for this assignment. No audio recording is required. Be sure to completely answer all the points/questions. Use clear headings that allow your professor to know which bullet you are addressing on the slides in your presentation. Support your content with citations throughout your presentation. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the presentation. Include a slide for your references at the end.
Assignment Expectations
· Length: 15-20 slides; answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner. Include at least four scholarly sources.
· Title: 1 slide
· Compare and contrast illness: at least 3 slides
· Provide examples of the historical, socioeconomic, political, educational, and topographical aspects of culture: at least 2 slides
· Report interdisciplinary in ...
How to stay relevant as a university when society demands efficiency - Is the...Per Olof Arnäs
Universities are under disruption. Efficiency trumps effectiveness and a degree may not have the same value tomorrow as it does today. What role does technology have here? A look into ed tech and how we may use tech to increase relevance, not the opposite.
How to stay relevant as a university - is the road to insignificance paved wi...Per Olof Arnäs
A presentation given at the Digital Examination Forum on June 2 2020. A critical stance against investments in ed-tech solutions for efficiency reasons only.
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This paper proposes a unified approach for UML based safety oriented railway level crossing using model checking and fault tree analysis. The main goal of this research is to show the possibility to combine the concept of traditional safety analysis technique FTA and formal verification technique model checking for UML based safety oriented railway level crossing system.
E commerce and freight transport - Chasing the last mile, one byte at a timePer Olof Arnäs
The freight transport industry is facing large challenges when it comes to e-commerce. This rapidly growing sector has high demands on service and performance from the freight system - demands that are seldom met with satisfaction.
Digitization and digitalization are two forces of nature that the transport industry needs to harness and exploit in order to meet these demands.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Presentation from Modelling World 2015 in London (June 4, 2015).
Big data is a game changer for the transportation industry - but the data need to be tamed.
Presentation from NORTHMOST - a new biannual series of meetings on the topic of mathematical modelling in transport.
Hosted at its.leeds.ac.uk, NORTHMOST 01 focussed on academic research, to encourage networking and collaboration between academics interested in the methodological development of mathematical modelling applied to transport.
The focus of the meetings will alternate; NORTHMOST 02 - planned for Spring 2017 - will be led by practitioners who are modelling experts. Practitioners will give presentations, with academic researchers in the audience. In addition to giving a forum for expert practitioners to meet and share best practice, a key aim of the series is to close the gap between research and practice, establishing a feedback loop to communicate the needs of practitioners to those working in university research.
Information Spread in the Context of Evacuation OptimizationDr. Mirko Kämpf
Abstract: Our evacuation simulation tool utilizes established algorithms for the emotional and intelligence driven motion of human beings in addition to a simple lattice gas simulation. We analyze the spread of information inside a restricted geometry of a real building and compare these results with the data from a simulation in the free space. We apply the DFA and the RIS statistic to our simulation dataset to detect phases or phase transitions of the whole system. We study the impact of communication technology by comparison of different update algorithms and exit strategies. These results help us to define basic functional requirements to the underlying communication technology and network topology as well as to the needed sensors.
IntroductionFor this assignment, you will examine the role of thTatianaMajor22
Introduction
For this assignment, you will examine the role of the nurse in caring for clients with cognitive issues. You will identify your target audience (such as staff nurses, pre-licensure nursing students, etc.) and create an orientation PowerPoint presentation (instructions below). This final assignment will reflect ability and achievement in the following areas:
· Intentional Learning, Reflection, and Clinical Judgment
· Decision Making and Evidence Based Practice
· Organization and Presentation
· Writing and APA Formatting
Objectives
· Demonstrate collaborative standardization of safe practices through health promotion.
· Integrate course concepts within management of a cognitive alteration.
Instructions
A nurse educator is preparing an orientation on cognitive illness and the workplace. There is a need to address the many clients with cognitive issues that seek healthcare services and how to better understand the needs. Choose a cognitive illness that you feel less knowledgeable about and address the following prompts by including two to three examples of each bullet point:
· Compare and contrast this illness with a physical illness (one that can be “seen”).
· Provide examples of the historical, socioeconomic, political, educational, and topographical aspects of this disease.
· Report the appropriate interdisciplinary interventions for high-risk health behaviors associated with this disease.
· Determine the influences of their value systems on management of this disease.
· Outline health-care practices, including acute versus preventive care; barriers to health care; the meaning of pain and the sick role; and cultural practices that can impact this disease.
· Identify cultural issues related to learning styles, autonomy, and educational preparation and any impact on disease management.
Your presentation should be 15-20 slides (not including title, objectives, and references slides) with detailed notes for each slide. Include at least two scholarly sources. Follow best practices for PowerPoint presentations related to text size, color, images, effects, wordiness, and multimedia enhancements. Review the rubric criteria for this assignment. No audio recording is required. Be sure to completely answer all the points/questions. Use clear headings that allow your professor to know which bullet you are addressing on the slides in your presentation. Support your content with citations throughout your presentation. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the presentation. Include a slide for your references at the end.
Assignment Expectations
· Length: 15-20 slides; answers must thoroughly address the questions in a clear, concise manner. Include at least four scholarly sources.
· Title: 1 slide
· Compare and contrast illness: at least 3 slides
· Provide examples of the historical, socioeconomic, political, educational, and topographical aspects of culture: at least 2 slides
· Report interdisciplinary in ...
How to stay relevant as a university when society demands efficiency - Is the...Per Olof Arnäs
Universities are under disruption. Efficiency trumps effectiveness and a degree may not have the same value tomorrow as it does today. What role does technology have here? A look into ed tech and how we may use tech to increase relevance, not the opposite.
How to stay relevant as a university - is the road to insignificance paved wi...Per Olof Arnäs
A presentation given at the Digital Examination Forum on June 2 2020. A critical stance against investments in ed-tech solutions for efficiency reasons only.
A lecture given in a science communication PhD course at Chalmers/University of Gothenburg. The lecture focuses on written content that the researcher produces (blog posts etc.).
Things happening in, around, and to freight transportationPer Olof Arnäs
There are a lot of things happening OUTSIDE the freight industry. Some of these are global trends. There are also a lot of things, like digitalisation, happening TO the transport industry. And there are of course also things happening IN the transport industry (like automation, drones, blockchains etc,).
Course transformations: From flop to flippedPer Olof Arnäs
The story on two course redevelopment projects in logistics with flipped classroom, peer instruction, co-teaching and other methods (blended learning).
Freight transportation in the future - Some indicationsPer Olof Arnäs
This presentation highlights some of the notable trends and developments that are affecting transportation (freight) and logistics. The areas covered are digitalization, automation, "new" transport modes, sharing economy, real-time data driven decision making, block chain technology and servitization. Any and/or all of these may have profound impact on freight transport.
REACH - Accesshantering i realtid för ökad transporteffektivitetPer Olof Arnäs
Presentation av forskningsprojektet REACH.
Ambitionen med REACH är att, genom digital realtidsinteraktion, möjliggöra individualiserade nyttor för enskilda transporter beroende på situationsspecifik data.
Vi vill inom projektet utveckla kunskap som möjliggör avancerat samarbete i realtid mellan infrastruktur/facilitet och fordon/farkost.
Meeting the future - Big data in freight transportPer Olof Arnäs
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From flop to flipped - A course transformationPer Olof Arnäs
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ITS and freight transport - an urban perspectivePer Olof Arnäs
When it comes to urban freight, we face large challenges regarding ITS. This talk (45 minutes) presents a number of issues where the freight transport industry needs to upgrade/enter the 21st century and embrace developments like Big data.
Green initiatives in transportation - Some Swedish examplesPer Olof Arnäs
A Pecha Kucha presenting three Swedish initiatives in sustainable transportation. The first is called GO:Smart and focuses on urban passenger transport, the second is Sendsmart (urban freight). The third is High Capacity Transport (long haul).
Practical communication in an academic environment - Flipped classrooms and b...Per Olof Arnäs
Two examples of how I have used web technology to communicate with students and also to learn PhD students the basics on blogging so that they better can spread their knowledge online.
This presentation was prepared for Chalmers Impact Day 2014.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
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Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
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In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
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- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
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Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...
Complexity - Controlling chaos using cybernetics and good design
1. Complexity
Controlling
chaos
using
cyberne5cs
and
good
design
P.O.
Arnäs,
PhD
Per-‐Olof.Arnas@chalmers.se
@Dr_PO
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
What we did at work today (Rawwrrrr!) by Amit Gupta on Flickr (CC BY-NC)
2. What
is
a
system?
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
2
3. A
set
consists
of
more
than
one
elementary
part
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
3
4. A
set
consists
of
more
than
one
elementary
part
A
system
differs
from
a
set
when
it
displays
emergent
proper,es
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
4
5. A
set
consists
of
more
than
one
elementary
part
The
whole
shows
proper5es
that
are
not
found
in
its
parts
A
system
differs
from
a
set
when
it
displays
emergent
proper,es
Reduc5onism
is
not
applicable
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
5
6. A
set
consists
of
more
than
one
elementary
part
A
system
cannot
be
fully
understood
by
studying
its
parts
separately
The
whole
shows
proper5es
that
are
not
found
in
its
parts
A
system
differs
from
a
set
when
it
displays
emergent
proper,es
Reduc5onism
is
not
applicable
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
6
7. A
set
consists
of
more
than
one
elementary
part
A
system
cannot
be
fully
understood
by
studying
its
parts
separately
The
whole
shows
proper5es
that
are
not
found
in
its
parts
A
system
differs
from
a
set
when
it
displays
emergent
proper,es
Reduc5onism
is
not
applicable
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
7
8. Gödel´s
incompleteness
theorem
A
system
cannot
be
fully
defined
from
within
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
8
9. Gödel´s
incompleteness
theorem
I
don´t
understand
I
don´t
understand
Neither
do
I
A
system
cannot
be
fully
defined
from
whithin
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
9
10. I
don´t
understand
Neither
do
I
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and
Transportation
2009
-‐
October
-‐ NodeXL
Facebook
Network
Marc
Smith
FR
Layout
by
Marc_Smith
on
flickr.com
I
don´t
understand
11. Important
terms
”State”
–
The
current
value
of
the
a6ributes
Si = (xi, yi, zi, vi)
”A6ributes”
–
a
collec9on
of
the
system’s
variables
(degrees
of
freedom):
e.g.
X,
Y,
Z,
V
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
”Trajectory”
–
a
succession
of
states
Image:
Bouncing
ball
strobe
edit,
CC-‐BY
Richard
Bartz,
Wikimedia
Commons 11
12. :
tive
c
e
rsp
pe
ms
n
e
yst
atio
s
rt
The
spo
an
e tr
Th
ss
oce
pr
Goods in
initial state,
S0
Resources, R
Goods in
goal state,
S1
Transportation
system
State space, S
Trajectory =
f(S , S , R)
0
1
This process needs to be
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
controlled!
Conceptual
model
of
a
transportaWon
process
as
a
trajectory
between
states
(adopted
from
Hultén,
1997).
12
13. CO
Regulator
!
(TCS)
Input
Regulated system
!
Sy
ou ste
tp m
ut st
at
e,
G
oa
l
st
at
e
M
!
PL
Y!
T
Disturbance
EX
I
IT
EX COMPLE
!
XITY
PL
Y!
!!
M
!
!
ITY!!
O
!
COMPLEX
C
!
(transportation
system)
Feedback loop
A Transport Control System (TCS)
is a system that controls the
trajectory of a transportation
process
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
13
14. The main task
Handle complexity
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division we did at work today (Rawwrrrr!)
What of Logistics and Transportation
by Amit Gupta on Flickr (CC BY-NC)
15. Complexity – 3 types
Each type is associated with a specific
complexity driver
Complexity driver: A variable that indicates
increase/decrease in complexity
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division we did at work today (Rawwrrrr!)
What of Logistics and Transportation
by Amit Gupta on Flickr (CC BY-NC)
16. 1.
Descrip9ve
complexity
Difficulty
in
describing
the
system
”Variety”
=
The
total
number
of
states
the
system
can
assume
(state
space)
Complexity
driver:
The
size
of
the
state
space
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Image:
”Jan
2005
Map
of
the
Internet”
BY
ma_hewje_hall
on
flickr
16
17. 1.
Descrip9ve
complexity
Road
terminal,
local
Consignor
DomesWc
rail
terminal
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
DomesWc
port
Foreign
port
Consignee
Foreign
rail
terminal
17
18. 1.
Descrip9ve
complexity
Road
terminal,
local
ed
s
e
tiv
p
ri
c
s
de
e
pl
Road
terminal,
central
om
c
ity
x
Road
terminal,
local
a
re
c
Consignor
DomesWc
rail
terminal
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
DomesWc
In
port
Foreign
port
Consignee
Foreign
rail
terminal
18
19. 2.
Computa9onal
complexity
Difficulty
in
finding
the
”best”
trajectory
through
the
state
space
The
controller
needs
to
know:
a)
which
of
the
states
are
valid
Complexity
driver:
The
number
and
length
of
valid
trajectories
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
b)
which
of
the
possible
trajectories
should
be
chosen
Image:
”Playing
chess”
BY
Jeffrey
Barke
on
flickr
19
20. 2.
Computa9onal
complexity
Road
terminal,
central
Road
terminal,
local
Consignor
?
DomesWc
rail
terminal
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Road
terminal,
local
?
DomesWc
port
Foreign
port
Consignee
Foreign
rail
terminal
20
21. 2.
Computa9onal
complexity
Road
terminal,
central
Road
terminal,
local
Consignor
?
Road
terminal,
local
?
DomesWc
port
Foreign
port
?
y
exit
l
omp
c
onal
ti
uta
p
com
d
?
ease
cr
In
?
DomesWc
rail
terminal
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Consignee
Foreign
rail
terminal
21
22. 3.
Uncertainty-‐based
complexity
Difficulty
in
describing
the
state
of
the
system
Controller
needs
to
”step
into”
the
system
during
the
preocess
to
resolve
uncertainty
Measured
by
the
informa,on
entropy
The
amount
of
informa9on
needed
to
describe
the
state
of
the
system
Complexity
driver:
The
number
of
decisions
that
must
be
made
during
the
transporta9on
process
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Image:
”Jam
at
the
floaWng
market”
BY
Stuck
in
Customs
on
flickr
22
23. 3.
Uncerta9nty-‐based
complexity
Road
terminal,
central
Road
terminal,
local
Consignor
✓
DomesWc
rail
terminal
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
✓
✓
DomesWc
port
✓
Foreign
port
Road
terminal,
local
✓
✓
✓
Consignee
Foreign
rail
terminal
23
24. 3.
Uncerta9nty-‐based
complexity
Road
terminal,
local
Consignor
✓
Road
terminal,
central
?
✓
?
?
DomesWc
port
?
Foreign
port
?
Road
terminal,
local
?
Consignee
exity
sed compl
rtainty-ba
nce
ncreased u
I
DomesWc
rail
terminal
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
?
Foreign
rail
terminal
24
28. Cyberne9cs
Launched
as
a
branch
of
systems
science
in
the
1940´s
W
g
f
X
Mathema9cs
as
a
modelling
language
G
h
CasW's
model
of
the
input/output
relaWon
(redrawn
from
CasW,
1989,
p.
109)
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Image:
”Wheldrake
sundial”
BY
Darwin70
on
flickr
28
29. Processes
on
various
levels
(redrawn
from
NEVEM,
1989).
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
29
30. CO
Regulator
!
(TCS)
Input
Regulated system
!
Sy
ou ste
tp m
ut st
at
e,
G
oa
l
st
at
e
M
!
PL
Y!
T
Disturbance
EX
I
IT
EX COMPLE
!
XITY
PL
Y!
!!
M
!
!
ITY!!
O
!
COMPLEX
C
!
(transportation
system)
Feedback loop
A Transport Control System (TCS) is a
system that controls the trajectory of a
transportation process
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
30
31. Organize
the
trains
into
groups.
How
can
they
be
grouped?
Discuss
in
small
groups
and
try
to
find
the
most
logical
solu9on.
Bild: Booch, 1991
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
31
32. 2-‐4
wagons
7
types
of
cargo
2
types
of
wheels
2
wagon
sizes
4
wagon
types
4
wagon
roofs
Bild: Booch, 1991
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
32
33. GOAL:
Pizza Menu
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
33
36. Interface
design
In
order
to
handle
the
three
complexity
types,
a
modelling/design
process
is
needed
With
a
cyberne9c
approach,
every
system
consists
of
a
number
of
black
boxes
Each
box
is
defined
by
its
interface
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Image:
”MacBook
Air
by
Jony
Ive”
BY
36
marcopako
on
flickr
37. An interface is a representation
of a system displaying its visible
state and its visible inputs.
The System
Visible
attributes
State
Interface
Visible
inputs
The interface hides Outbound interface
(encapsulates)
content and function
Inbound interface
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
37
38. Dimension
1:
Interface
direcWon
Inbound interface
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
r
to
St
Op
The System
ate
Visible
attributes
vec
Visible
inputs
era
tio
ns
vec
to
r
An interface can be either
inbound or outbound
Outbound interface
Image:
”MacBook
Air
by
Jony
Ive”
BY
38
marcopako
on
flickr
39. Dimension
2:
Interface
width
The width of the interface
consists of the number of
attributes/operations
h
idt
W
More operations – wider
interface
The System
The interface width
is reduced by
h
idt
W
More attributes (degrees of
freeedom) – wider interface
encapsulation
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Image:
”MacBook
Air
by
Jony
Ive”
BY
39
marcopako
on
flickr
40. EncapsulaWon
The System
ion
lat
psu tion
nca
c
E
un Hidden inputs
f f
o
Hidden
on
ti
la t
attributes
su ten
ap on
nc c
E
of
The System
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Image:
”MacBook
Air
by
Jony
Ive”
BY
40
marcopako
on
flickr
41. Dimension
3:
Interface
depth
The variety of each attribute and
operation together constitute the
interface depth
The depth can range from
binary to continuous
The System
Depth
The interface depth
is reduced by applying
Depth
constraints
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Image:
”MacBook
Air
by
Jony
Ive”
BY
41
marcopako
on
flickr
44. Reducing
complexity
–
some
ground
rules
Exclude
variables
Diminish
state
space
Par99on
states
Group
states
into
larger
par99ons
Break
down
into
subsystems
Create
internal
interfaces
Organise
subsystems
hierarchically
Image:
”Jan
2005
Map
of
the
Internet”
BY
ma_hewje_hall
on
flickr Create
mul9ple
levels
of
abstrac9on
Image:
”Playing
chess”
BY
Jeffrey
Barke
on
flickr
Image:
”Jam
at
the
floaWng
market”
BY
Stuck
in
Customs
on
flickr
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
44
45. Key
tools
in
cyberne9cs
Black
boxes
In
In
In
In
Encapsulate
func9on
Encapsulate
content
In
Hierarchic
system
models
!
Regulated system
(transportation
system)
(TCS)
Feedback loop
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Sy
!
Regulator
Input
st
em
ou
st
tp
a
ut te,
Disturbance
Control
Theory
Regulator
Trajectory
which
needs
to
be
controlled
Finite
state
space
45
47. I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
By
construc9ng
the
system
from
a
number
of
black
boxes,
complexity
can
be
reduced
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
47
48. I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
By
construc9ng
the
system
from
a
number
of
classes,
complexity
can
be
reduced
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
I
n
48
49. How
would
a
programmer
design
a
complex
system?
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
50. A
parallel
history
In
1967,
the
programming
language
Simula
67
was
launched
!
The
first
object-‐oriented
language
!
Used
to
build
discrete
event
simula9on
models
ber
m
me
RY
e
O
R
CT
E
AJ
TR
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Si = (xi, yi, zi, vi)
Discrete
event
simula9on
“…the
opera9on
of
a
system
is
represented
as
a
chronological
sequence
of
events.
Each
event
occurs
at
an
instant
in
9me
and
marks
a
change
of
state
in
the
system.”
(Wikipedia)
Image:
”Wheldrake
sundial”
BY
Darwin70
on
flickr
50
51. The
canonical
form
of
a
complex
system
(redrawn
from
Booch,
1991).
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
51
53. This is the class Pallet that represents all
objects that share the same data structure.
Pallet
The topmost cell contains the name
-Height
-Width
-Depth
-Weight
The middle cell contains the attributes
-Pos-X
-Pos-Y
-Pos-Z
+MoveTo(in NewX, in NewY, in NewZ)
+LiftUp(in Distance)
+PutDown()
The bottom cell contains the
operations
A class is a template
for real-world objects
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
53
54. The class Box.
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
54
55. An object of the class Pallet can contain several objects of the class Box. The denotations 1 and * means that
one pallet (1) may contain many (*) boxes.
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
55
56. Object-‐orienta9on
is
applied
cyberne9cs!
When
looking
at
the
core
concepts
of
object-‐
orienta9on
there
is
a
clear
analogy
with
cyberne9cs
Very
few
people
have
made
that
connec9on
during
the
last
40
years!
Why?
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Different
disciplines
(Systems
science/Mathema9cs
vs
Computer
science)
Some
advances
have
been
made
towards
a
combina9on,
but
these
are
few
56
Image: Connected. 362/365 by AndYaDontStop on Flickr.com
57. Systems
theory
Object-‐orienta9on
System
model
↔
Object
model
State
↔
State
Outbound
(display)
interface
↔
A6ributes
Inbound
(control)
interface
↔
Opera9ons
Black
Box
↔
Object
Trajectory
↔
Path
in
Statechart
Encapsula9on
↔
Encapsula9on
Abstrac9on
↔
Abstrac9on
Hierarchic
architecture
↔
Hierarchic
architecture
Transforma9on
↔
Object
behaviour
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
57
Image: Connected. 362/365 by AndYaDontStop on Flickr.com
58. Advantages
of
using
object-‐orienta9on
Analysis
Consistent
framework
Sta9c
structure
Dynamic
behaviour
Sequences
Use
cases
Etc.
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Visualisa9on
Design
Object-‐oriented
analysis
facilitates
future
(re-‐)design
58
59. Three
approaches
123
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
59
60. Long-‐term
control
scope
Time-‐span:
Years
to
months
1
Driving
ques9ons:
What
states
should
the
system
be
able
to
assume?
What
component
types
are
required
for
the
system
to
Important
tasks:
assume
these
states?
Define
the
data-‐structure
of
the
top-‐
level
classes
of
the
system,
i.e.
the
interface
widths.
Define
acceptable
data
ranges
for
these
classes,
i.e.
the
interface
depths.
Descrip9ve
complexity
is
reduced
Define
acceptable
use
cases.
by
robust
design
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
60
61. Medium-‐term
control
scope
Time-‐span:
Months
to
weeks
2
Driving
ques9ons:
Important
tasks:
What
components
are
needed
in
the
system?
How
are
the
various
interfaces
designed?
Define
actual
use
cases.
Define
interface
width
of
all
classes.
Apply
constraints
to
reduce
interface
depth.
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Computa9onal
complexity
is
reduced
by
good
planning
61
62. 3
Short-‐term
(real9me)
control
scope
Time-‐span:
Weeks
to
minutes
Driving
ques9on:
What
state
changes
should
be
performed
and
how?
Important
tasks:
Control
the
actual
trajectory
as
it
progresses
through
the
state
space.
Uncertainty-‐based
complexity
is
reduced
by
crea9ng
order
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
62
64. HETEROGENEOUS GOODS
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
65. Arnäs, Woxenius – Approach for handling heterogeneous goods in
intermodal freight networks – revisited, WCTR 2013
Heterogeneous goods leads
to increased complexity
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Image: http://sobar.soso.com/t/74147926?fl=29
66. Heterogeneous goods leads
to increased complexity
Density
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Handling
Image: http://sobar.soso.com/t/74147926?fl=29
Stowability
Liability
67. What
makes
some
goods
heterogeneous?
Four
dimensions:
Low/high
density
Difficulty
of
handling
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
Poor
stowability
Extended
liability
67
68. Deep
fryers
ProducWon/Factories
Wholesaler,
”Supply
chain
manager”
Fries
Customer
Order
Point/Warehouse
CC-‐BY
Per
Olof
Arnäs,
LogisWkfokus
Resellers
Market
place
Customers
CC-BY Dr Logistics – Per Olof
Arnäs
69. Deep
fryers
ProducWon/Factories
Wholesaler,
”Supply
chain
manager”
Fries
Customer
Order
Point/Warehouse
CC-‐BY
Per
Olof
Arnäs,
LogisWkfokus
Resellers
Market
place
Customers
CC-BY Dr Logistics – Per Olof
Arnäs
70. Short
reading
list
•
Klir,
G.
J.
(1991)
Facets
of
systems
science,
Plenum
Press,
New
York.
•
Booch,
G.
(1991)
Object
oriented
design
with
applica9ons,
Benjamin/Cummings
Pub.
Co.,
Redwood
City,
Calif.
•
Ashby,
W.
R.
(1956)
An
introduc9on
to
Cyberne9cs,
Chapman
&
Hall
Ltd,
London.
•
Beer,
S.
(1959)
Cyberne9cs
and
management,
English
UniversiWes
Press
ltd,
London.
•
CasW,
J.
L.
(1989)
Alternate
reali9es
:
mathema9cal
models
of
nature
and
man,
Wiley,
New
York
;
Chichester.
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
70
71. PhD-‐theses
•
Hultén,
L.
A.
R.
(1997)
Container
logisWcs
and
its
management,
Department
of
Transporta9on
and
Logis9cs,
Chalmers
University
of
Technology,
Göteborg
•
Franzén,
S.
E.
R.
(1999)
Public
transporta9on
in
a
systems
perspec9ve
:
a
conceptual
model
and
an
analy9cal
framework
for
design
and
evalua9on,
Chalmers
tekniska
högsk.,
Göteborg.
•
Waidringer,
J.
(2001)
Complexity
in
transporta9on
and
logis9cs
systems
:
an
integrated
approach
to
modelling
and
analysis,
Chalmers
tekniska
högsk.,
Göteborg.
•
Nilsson,
F.
(2005)
AdapWve
LogisWcs
-‐
using
complexity
theory
to
facilitate
increased
effecWveness
in
logisWcs,
Department
of
Design
Sciences,
Lund
University,
Lund,
Sweden
•
Arnäs,
P.
O.
(2007)
Heterogeneous
Goods
in
TransportaWon
Systems
-‐
A
study
on
the
uses
of
an
object-‐oriented
approach,
Doktorsavhandlingar
vid
Chalmers
tekniska
högskola.
Ny
serie,
2625,
Chalmers
University
of
Technology,
Göteborg
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
71
72. And
finally…
The Internet first became available for
Swedish consumers around 1993
+
=
A (bad and expensive) mix between Teletext
and the Yellow Pages
Not very pretty
Few people with computers
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
73. 15 years later, in 2008, Google Flu
Trends was launched
Based on what
people google and
where their
computer is located
www.google.org
Ten days ahead
of the official flu
tracker
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
74. How
will
we
use
the
technology
in
10
years?
os t
alm
We have no idea.
!
...and neither does she,
but she will be dissatisfied
with stuff that we think are
pure science fiction and
almost magic.
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
The girl and the iPad by Niclas Lindh on Flickr (CC-BY)
75. How
will
we
use
the
technology
in
10
years?
Thank
you!
!
Per
Olof
Arnäs
per-‐olof.arnas@chalmers.se
@Dr_PO
Per Olof Arnäs,
Technology Management and Economics,
Division of Logistics and Transportation
The girl and the iPad by Niclas Lindh on Flickr (CC-BY)