MADE BY SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI SECOND YEAR ASSIGNMENT MANIT, BHOPAL

1. COMPARISON BETWEEN
DEMOGRAPHIC
CHARACTERSTICS OF
DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING
COUNTRY
BY- SHRIKRISHNA KESHARWANI
SCHOLAR NO. 181109005

2. JAPAN (DEVELOPED COUTRY) -
Source- world urbanization prospects

3. INDONESIA (DEVELOPING COUNTRY)-
Source- world urbanization prospects

4. TOTAL POPULATION (BOTH JAPAN AND INDONESIA)
• In 1960 the population of
japan was 92.5 million
out of which 63.27 % is
urban population and
the Indonesian
population was 87.7
million out of which
14.58% is urban
population
• In 2019 the total
population of japan was
126.2 million out of
which 91.698% is urban
population while the
population of Indonesia
was 270.6 million out of
which only 55.985% of
the population is living in
the urban areas. Source- data.worldbank.org
92%
Japan urban
population
56%
Indonesia urban
population

5. POPULATION DENSITY PEOPLE PER SQ. KM. OF AREA
• In 1961 the
population
density of japan
was 258.912
people per sq.
km. and the
Indonesian
population
density was
49.735 people
per sq. km.
• In 2018 the
population
density of japan
was 347.073
while the
population
density of
Indonesia
147.752.
Source- data.worldbank.org
years

6. OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS
factors
Birth rate(2018)-
Unemployment rate
(2019)
Human capital ranking
(2017)
Per capita gdp (2017)
Gender gap ranking
(2018)
Fertility rate(2018)
japan
7.4%
2.4%
17th
39293$
110th
1.42
indonesia
18.07%
4.4%
65th
3871$
85th
2.31

8. TOTAL GREEN HOUSE GAS
EMISSION (KT. OF CO2
EQUIVALENT)
years
Source- data.worldbank.org
Kilo
ton
of
co2
eqivalent
• In 1971 the green house gases
emission from japan was
approx. 9.5 lakh tons while the
emission from Indonesia was
approx. 3.4 lakh tons.
• In 2012 the green house gases
emission from japan was
approx. 14.8 lakh tons while
the emission from Indonesia
was approx. 7.8 lakh tons.

9. FOREST AREA ( % OF LAND AREA)
Perceentage
of
land
area
years
• In 1990 the total area covered
by Forest in japan was 2.495
lakh Sq. kms. which was
68.431% of the total land area
while in Indonesia it was
approx. 11.85 lakh sq. km
which was 65.44% of the total
land area.
• In 2016 the total area covered
by Forest in japan was 249.564
lakh Sq. kms. which was 68.456
% of the total land area while in
Indonesia it was approx. 9.03
lakh sq. km which was 49.86 %
of the total land area.
Source- data.worldbank.org

10. CO2 EMISSION
• In 2016 the co2 emission from
japan was approx. 11.35 lakh
tons also per capita it is 9.53
metric ton while the emission
from Indonesia was approx.
5.63 lakh tons also the per
capita emission is 1.819 metric
ton .
Source- data.worldbank.org
years
Kilo
ton
of
co2

11. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES -
JAPAN
1. Air pollution- with the increase in the number
of automobiles on the road and the amount of
chemicals released into the atmosphere.
causing health damage
2. The heat island effect- in the urban areas
caused by enormous energy consumption and
global warming due to the increase of carbon
dioxide in the air. The rising heat in the city is
attributed to absorbent surfaces such as
concrete and asphalt, tall buildings that block
air breezes, heat-generating cars and the
omnipresent air conditioners. The phenomenon
is known as the heat island effect because the
temperature is higher in the city than the
suburbs and the isothermal lines create a shape
like an island.
3. Global warming - According to a report by
the Japan Meteorological Agency2 on the
weather in 1999, the temperature had increased
by 0.6°C worldwide and 1°C in Japan during the
preceding 100 years. Such phenomenon was
primarily attributed to the increased emission of
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases due
to energy consumption by humans.
INDONESIA
1. Air pollution- with the increase in the number of
urban population no. of automobiles are also
increases . also the demand for energy is also
increasing . As Indonesia is still a developing
country they use mainly coal and oil power plants to
generate electricity (around 63%) which results in
air pollution. Also natural factors are also
contributing in air pollution like volcanos as there
are so many volcanos in Indonesia and they erupts
every year.
2. Deforestation- the forest cover in the country in
1990 was aroud 65% but now it is less than 50%.
3. Global warming -Global warming is being blamed
for spreading disease in Indonesia. Malaria has been
reported in the highlands of Papua at 6,900 feet, an
altitude that was once thought to be too high and
cold for malaria mosquitos.
Source- https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-06/english/sec/library/0506in30e.pdf
Source-
http://factsanddetails.com/indonesia/Nature_Science_Animals/sub6_8c
/entry-4090.html