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Comparative education involves studying the similarities and differences between educational systems. It has three phases of development in history. The first phase in the 1810s focused on cataloging basic elements of different systems without considering economic or social factors. The second phase emphasized studying the relationship between social environments and education. The third phase from 1950 onward analyzed systems in greater depth. Comparative education compares educational resources, facilities, culture, and other factors between countries to understand how to improve planning, curricula, teaching, and assessment.








