The document discusses comparatives and superlatives in English. It explains how to form comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs. For comparatives of short adjectives, add "-er" and for longer adjectives use "more". Superlatives of most short adjectives add "-est" and for longer ones use "most". Irregular forms include "better", "worse", and "furthest". The same rules generally apply to forming comparatives and superlatives of adverbs by adding "-er", "more", "-est", and "most".

1. COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES BY M. LUISA GUZMÁN

2. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES When we want to compare two things, or two groups of things, we use a comparative form + than. Ex: I’m taller than my father. Canada is larger than Brazil. DVDs are more expensive than CDs. His watch is better than mine.

3. With short adjectives (1 syllable), we normally add “ER”. Ex: Cold Cold er. Long Long er. Clever Clever er. If the adjective ends in “E” , we add only “R”. Ex: White White r. Safe Safe r.

4. If the adjective ends with consonant + y , we change the y into i and add “ER” Easy Eas ier. Early Earl ier. Happy Happ ier. Heavy Heav ier. 5) If the adjective ends in one vowel + one consonant , we double the final consonant and add “ER”. Big Big ger. Fat Fat ter. Slim Slim mer. For adjectives ending in “W” add “ER”. Slow Slow er.

5. With longer adjectives (2 syllables or more) we DON’T change the adjective – we put MORE in front of it. Ex: Expensive more expensive. Boring more boring. Hard-working more hard-working. Fluent more fluent. Some adjectives are irregular-they have a different comparative form. Good Better. Bad Worse. Far Further.

6. We can modify the comparison, by using: Much Far A lot A little A bit Ex: This film is much better than the book. His pronunciation is far worse than mine. He walked a bit further than last week.

7. COMPARISON OF ADVERBS To compare adverbs, we use the same rules as we do when we compare adjectives. With short adverbs, we add “ER” or “R” and than after the adverb. Late Late r Hard Hard er Fast Fast er 2) For adverbs ending in ly, use “more” Quickly more quickly Loudly more loudly Angrily more angrily Quietly more quietly

8. Some adverbs are irregular. Well Better. Badly Worse.

9. SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Use superlative adjectives to compare 3 or more people or things. Use superlative adverbs to compare 3 or more ways of doing something. For most short adjectives and adverbs add “the” and –est. Light the light est. Fast the fast est.

10. For short adjectives and adverbs ending in –e add the and st. Close the clos est. Late the lat est. To make superlative adjectives: For adjectives ending in –y, take away the y and add -iest. Heavy the heaviest.

11. For adjectives ending in 1 vowel and 1 consonant (except W), double the consonant , add the and –est. Hot the hottest. New the newest. For adjectives with 2 or more syllables add the and most. Exciting the most exciting. Boring the most boring.

12. To make superlative adverbs: 6) For adverbs ending in –ly add the and most. Quickly the most quickly. Some adjectives and adverbs are irregular. Good better the best Bad worse the worst Well better the best Badly worse the worst