The document discusses comparative and superlative forms of adjectives in English. It defines adjectives and their functions, and explains how to form comparative and superlative forms based on the number of syllables in the adjective. For one-syllable adjectives, the suffixes -er and -est are typically added to form the comparative and superlative. For two-syllable adjectives, more irregular rules may apply. The document provides examples and practice exercises for readers to compare adjectives.

1. Comparative and superlative forms of adjective s RVA

2. Contents Introduction What is a noun? What is an adjective? What is a syllable? Syllable – further examples Adjectives Comparative form How to built comparative forms? Superlative form How to built superlative forms? Summary Comparison chart Practice Comparative forms Superlative forms

3. What is a noun ? A n oun is a word which refers to a thing / person / activity / place etc. car street teacher reading

4. What is an adjective? An adjective is a word that describes a noun fast big expensive car adjectives noun

5. What is a syllable ? A s yllable is a part of a word containing a vowel sound read ing read ing 1 st syllable 2 nd syllable

6. Syllables – examples 1. One-syllable adjectives 2. Two-syllable adjectives 3. Three-syllable adjectives fast big cheap long hap im py cra zy dir ty por tant won der ful

7. Degrees of Adjectives Positive: fast (rápido) Comparative: faster than (más rápido que) Superlative: the fastest (el más rápido)

8. USE OF ADJECTIVES ⑴ When there is one person or one thing, we use positive degree. ⑵ When there are two person or things, we use comparative degree. ⑶ When there are persons or things, we use superlative degree.

9. What is a c omparative form? We compare one person, thing, action, event or group with another person, thing, etc. fast -er My car is fast. But his car is faster.

10. What is a superlative form? We compare somebody/something with the whole group that he/she/it belongs to. fast -est My car is fast. Your car is fast. But his car is the fastest.

11. How is a comparative form built? modern -er + than (bigger than) O ne - syllable words Words of more than two syllables Two-syllable words ending in a vocalic sound or in -le The rest of two-syllable words, especially ending in –ful, -less, -ing, -ed more + adj. + than (more useful) You follow the first rule: easy-easier/ simple-simpler You follow the second rule: useful-more useful / boring-more boring /annoyed-more annoyed

12. How is a ‘superlative form built? modern the + adj. + -est (the biggest) O ne - syllable words Words of more than two syllables Two-syllable words ending in a vocalic sound or in -le The rest of two-syllable words, especially ending in –ful, -less, -ing, -ed the most + adj. (the most interesting) You follow the first rule: easy-easiest/ simple-simplest You follow the second rule: useful-most useful / boring-most boring /annoyed-most annoyed

13. Summary comparison long est iest funn modern most most beautiful long er ie r funn modern more more beautiful long funny modern beautiful comparative superlative

14. IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES Some adjectives do not follow the already studied rules, that is, they have irregular forms. You have to study those forms by hard. good better best bad worse worst far further furthest

15. SPELLING RULES I Some changes of spelling may occur when we add the suffixes –er or –est. Adjectives ending in mute –e only add -r for the comparative and –st for the superlative: wide-wide r -wide st . One-syllable adjectives ending in vowel + consonant : double the final consonant. Example: big-big ger -big gest fat-fat ter -fat test

16. SPELLING RULES II Adjectives ending in consonant + -y : -y changes to -i. funny – funn ier – fun iest happy – happ ier - happ iest

17. Exercises List of adjectives hot big thin nice pleasant young short intelligent lovely kind happy attractive exciting pretty unhappy good annoyed far bad ugly important tired upset terrible