The document discusses different types of accounting packages for organizations. Ready to use packages are suitable for small organizations with fewer transactions and users. Customized packages are designed to meet special requirements. Tailored packages are for large organizations with multiple users in different locations. When choosing a package, considerations include flexibility, costs, organization size, ease of use, reporting utilities, and data export/import facilities.

1. ACCOUNTING PACKAGES
• READY TO USE ACCOUNTING PACKAGES
• CUSTOMISED ACCOUNTING PACKAGES
• TAILORED ACCOUNTING PACKAGES

2. • THIS IS SUITABLE FOR SMALL ORGANISATIONS
WHERE THE NUMBER OF TRANSACTIONS ARE
LESS
• COST OF INSTALLATION IS LOW
• NUMBER OF USERS ARE LIMITED
• EASIER TO LEARN

3. CUSTOMISED
• THIS IS DESIGNED TO MEET THE SPECIAL
REQUIREMENT OF THE USER
• SUITABLE WHEN THE STANDARDISED
ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE MAY NOT FULFILL
THEIR REQUIREMENTS

4. TAILORED
• THIS IS APPLICABLE IN THE CASE OF LARGE
BUSINESS ORGANISATION WITH MULTI USERS
AND IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
• THIS IS DESIGNED TO MEET THE SPECIFIC
REQUIRMENETS OF THE USERS

5. CONSIDERATIONS FOR SOURCING AN
ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE
FLEXIBILITY
COST OF INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
SIZE OF ORGANISATION
EASE OF ADAPTATION
UTILITIES / MIS REPORTS
EXPORTING /IMPPORTING DATA FACILITY
VENDORS REPUTATION

7. DATA BASE
A data base is a collection of data that is
organized so that its contents can easily be
accessed d managed and updated

8. DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
Data processing involves the technique of
collecting, storing , retrieving interpreting and
computing data items in order to provide
useful information for decision making

9. Source documents
Input of data
Data storageManipulation of data
Output of data
Data processing cycle

10. • First step in data processing cycle
• Capture accounting data from transactions

11. •Entering the accounting data to a computers
storage devices
•with help of

13. Reality implies a real world accounting
situation. An accounting data base is
designed for this reality

14. ER DESIGN
• ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DESIGN IS A BLUE
PRINT OR GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF
ACCOUNTING REALITY THROUGH ER MODEL
CONCEPTS

15. RELATIONAL DATA MODEL
• IT IS A REPRESENTATIONAL DATA MODEL
WHICH TRANSFORMS ER DESIGN IN TO
INTER –RELATED DATA TABLES

16. • THE PROCESS OF REFINING A DATABASE
DESIGN BY WHICH THE POSSIBILITIES OF
DUPLICATE OR REDUNDANT DATA ITEMS ARE
ELIMINATED REMOVED

17. ER MODEL IS A CONCEPTUAL
DATA MODEL. THE MODEL IS
USED TO EXPRESS A REALITY FOR
WHICH AN ACCOUNTING
DATABASE IS DESINGED

18. ENTITIES
Anything in the real world with independent
existence is called entity.An object with physical
existence(car ,person etc.)or conceptual
existence(company,job ,account etc.)
Accounting entities - accounts, vouchers,
employees, accounts types and support
documents

19. • Attributes are some properties of interest that
further describe the entity such as height,
weight and date of birth in case of a person
and code and name in case of accounts

20. •Entity- a real world object
<Employee>
entity type :collection of entities
<employees,accounts,vouchers>
entity instance: the values of attributes in an
entity
<C123 Baby 23 Accounts>
entity set: collection of all entities