This document summarizes the results of a study examining changes in health status of China's adult population between 2003 and 2008. The study found that respondents in 2008 were more likely to report illness and chronic diseases than in 2003, though smoking decreased slightly. Rates of reported chronic diseases increased more for women, the elderly, rural residents, and those in eastern China. Possible explanations given include China's aging population, risk factors associated with dietary and lifestyle changes, rising hypertension prevalence, and increasing health insurance coverage and utilization of services.