Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of mortality globally, responsible for over 36 million deaths annually, particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries. Major risk factors include unhealthy diets, tobacco use, and physical inactivity, with strategies like enhanced surveillance, prevention programs, and health policy development required to address these issues effectively. Bangladesh has made progress in NCD management through various health initiatives, but further emphasis on program monitoring and national data collection is crucial for improving outcomes.

1. Prepared By:
Dr. S.M. Jashim Uddin Razib
MPH(HSMP)
NIPSOM

2.  which is not infectious
 with long duration
 relatively slow in progress
 which a person is unaware of the
disease unless or otherwise examined
 a silent killer of people

3.  Cardiovascular diseases-
(heart attacks and strokes)
 Diabetes
 Chronic respiratory diseases (COPD, Asthma)
 Cancer

4.  The number one cause of death in the
world. (more than 36 million people & 63% of
global deaths)
 Cardiovascular diseases- 48%
 Cancer- 21%
 Diabetes- 3%
 Chronic respiratory diseases – 12%
 Including 14 million people who die too young
before the age of 70. More than 90% of these
premature deaths from NCDs occur in low- and
middle-income countries & could have largely
been prevented....

5.  Not caused by an acute infection
 Have common risk factors
 Cause long-term harm
 Need a long-term (or even life-long)
treatment
 Cause both men and women equally
 Sometimes, cause disability

6. Causes for NCDs (Risk Factors)
 Unhealthy diet
 Tobacco usage
 Physical inactivity
 Stress factors
 Overweight (obesity)
 Genetics
 Harmful use of alcohol
 Environmental factors

7. NCD TREE!!!!!!

8. o Have High blood pressure
o Have High cholesterol level
o Are obese (over weight)
o Are exposed to air pollution
o Have raised blood glucose level
o Are exposed to Environmental factors
o YOU ARE AT RISK !!!!!!!!!

9.  Background risk factors- age, sex, level
of education and genetic composition
-cannot be changed
 Behavioral risk factors- tobacco and
alcohol use, unhealthy diet and physical
inactivity
-can be modified
 Intermediate risk factors- elevated
blood lipids, diabetes, high blood
pressure and overweight/obesity
-can be controlled

11.  Around three-quarters of heart diseases,
 Stroke
 Type 2 diabetes
 40% of cancer
would be prevented

12.  Healthy diet
 Regular exercise
 Change the environment
 Modify the habits
 Regular medical check-
ups

13. GLOBAL NCD TARGETS:

14.  Launch of the Strategic Plan for Surveillance and
Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases in Bangladesh,
2007-2010.
 Bangladesh was the first nation to ratify the WHO
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 14
June 2004 and in March 2005 enacted Smoking and
Tobacco Product Usage (Control) Act 2005.
 Multiple specialty hospitals and foundations exist and
some have outreach activities (i.e., Diabetes Associations
of Bangladesh, National Heart Foundation)
 BIRDEM academy established to provide adequate qualified
manpower on diabetes and other endocrine related
diseases.

15.  Existence of a vaccination programme against
Hepatitis B with adequate resources but it is not
monitored and periodically evaluated.
 Legislation that bans smoking in public places is
enforced but there are no resources to monitor
its compliance.
 Existence of a national plan for prevention and
control of diabetes, that should be monitored
regularly monitored.

16.  Needs more emphasis in policies (Health Policy, 5-year plan, Nutrition Strategy,
etc.)
 Priority setting within the Health Sector Program
 Budget allocation
 HR and logistics
 A system for NCD surveillance addresses each of the major conditions through
sentinel surveillance of representative target populations.
 Availability of key essential drugs for NCD in primary care health centres.
 Formulate policies for reducing salt intake, consumption of high content sugar
beverages, trans-fats and marketing of unhealthy foods addressed to children.

17.  The Strategic Plan for Surveillance and Prevention of Non-
Communicable Diseases in Bangladesh, (2007-2010) has
expired. A new strategic action plan for non-communicable
diseases should be developed with more explicit courses of
action and key performance indicators.
 In the new Health Nutrition and Population Sector Program
(HNPSP), non-communicable diseases should remain a priority.
 Low cost disease prevention, diagnosis and management,
especially for diabetes and hypertension should be incorporated
in the Upazilla Health Complexes and Community Clinics.
 Non-communicable disease awareness should spread among all
actors of the health system: government, development partners,
civil society, and multi sectoral project partners.

18. In response to the growing burden of NCDs, the
Bangladesh government and non-government
organizations have taken several steps to implement
appropriate programs, but there are still many areas where
they could enhance or strengthen their efforts. Key among
them is improved monitoring and evaluation of programs
and the development of nationally representative
surveillance data about the prevalence of non
communicable chronic diseases and associated risk
factors. Advances in these areas, potentially funded by
international donors, will greatly facilitate the effective
translation of evidence into policy.With effective
monitoring and evaluation of ongoing and planned
programs, Bangladesh can serve as an example to other
countries faced with a similar disease profile.

19. The NCDs may not be able to cure
completely
BUT
Can be CONTROLLED
AND
Are PREVENTABLE through effective
interventions that tackle risk factors

20. Thank you