Primary Health Care in Community Health Nursing

Primary Health Care in Community Health Nursing

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  PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Ms. Leena GhagSakpal. Nursing Tutor
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  INTRODUCTION • Medical care:personal services provided directly by physicians. • Health care : Integrated care including preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative services for individuals from womb to tomb. • Health care includes medical care. - Primary level [primary health centre, sub centre] - Secondary level [community health centre, district hosp.] - Tertiary level [Regional hospital, medical college hospital]
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  Primary Health Care •Village level [grass root level] • First level of contact between health system and individual • Provided by –Village health guide Traditional birth attendant/dai Anganwadi workers ASHA
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  Secondary health care •The First referral level. • More complex problems are dealt with. • Comprises curative services. • Provided by the district hospitals Tertiary health care • Offers super-specialist care. • Provided by regional/central level institution. • Provide training programs.
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  EVOLUTION OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE TheAlma-Ata Conference • International conference on primary health care. • Conducted from 6-12th September 1978 at Alma Ata. • Milestone in the history of public health. • Key to the attainment of the goal of the Health for All.
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  PRIMARY HEALTH CARE •Primary health care is a popular phrase which has come into practice, in the field of health after the Alma-Ata Conference (1978) and is an evidence of the measures of health services. • Before this conference, synonymous terms like Basic Health Services, First Contact Care and Easily Accessible Care were in use. • Primary health care is the first level of contact from which interaction among individual, family and the health services begins. • All the countries recognize the concept of primary health care. • “Health For All” is not only an integral part of it, but also the key to achieve this goal.
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  Characteristics of PrimaryHealth Care • The “first” level of contact between the individual and the health system. • Essential health care (PHC) is provided. • Most prevailing health problems can be satisfactorily managed. • The closest to the people. • Provided by the primary health centers.
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  The Basic Requirementsfor Sound PHC (the 8 A’s and the 3 C’s) • Appropriateness • Availability • Adequacy • Accessibility • Acceptability • Affordability • Assessability • Accountability • Completeness • Comprehensiveness • Continuity
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  DEFINITION “ Primary HealthCare is essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost the community and country can afford.” - Alma Ata Declaration.
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  ELEMENTS E Education forHealth L Locally endemic disease control E Expanded programme of immunization M Maternal and Child health E Essential Drug availability N Nutrition T Treatment S Safe Water and sanitation
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  PRINCIPLES • Equitable Distribution •Community Participation • Appropriate Technology • Focus on Prevention • Multisectoral Co-ordination
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  Equitable Distribution • Thisprinciple states that primary health care should be available to all individuals, family and community without any discrimination of age, sex, religion, area, caste, color, money etc. • Primary health care based on the concept of social justice; availability of health care system to poor. • People living in rural areas are the main target of the primary health care.
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  Community Participation • Primaryhealth care is by the people and for the people therefore, active participation of individual, family and community is necessary. • It is difficult to achieve the goals of primary health care if the support of local community is not available. • Local community should be participated in the planning, execution and maintenance of primary health care.
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  Appropriate Technology • Inprimary health care only, those techniques should be used which are, suitable to local requirements, socially acceptable, within the financial limits and scientifically recognized. • Only locally available technologies should be used in PHC instead of costly equipments. • e.g., Oral Rehydration Therapy.
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  Focus on Prevention •Main focus of primary health is not the treatment but prevention of disease and iti is a part of all the constituents of health services. • e.g., Immunization, Health education on healthy habits.
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  Multisectorial Coordination • Thejoint efforts are requires for providing primary helath care. • Proper coordination among medical fiels, agriculture, housing, nutrition , public works, communication and education should be planned properly to provide effective health care services.
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  RESPONSIBILITY OF NURSE In1984, following responsibilities were bestowed upon nurses by the expert committee of World Health Organization for taking care of primary health: • Assessing the health level of individuals and community. • Activating the participation of the community and encouraging the individuals to participate. • Providing treatment in emergencies and taking care of the general health. • Referring the patients to specialists. • Keeping eye on the epidemics. • Training and supervision of health workers. • coordinating with other health programmes. • Observing the process of primary health care.