1. Introductions /Share past experience and future plans for CBPR research 2. Define and describe community-based participatory research (CBPR) for health in AI/AN communities 3. Explore the history of CBPR 4. Identify and describe theoretical approaches that align with AIAN CBPR.

1. Bonnie Duran Dr.PH
IndigenousWellness Research Institute,
UW School of Public Health

2.  Research and Community Based Participatory
Research (CBPR) definitions and principles
 Examples of a CBPR processes with the Navajo
Nation
 Discussion of Researcher Preparation for CBPR:
Allies and Insiders
 CBPR Model
4/29/2024 B. Duran 2

3.  Careful and persistent organized/orderly
inspection or investigation into a subject in
order to discover or revise facts, theories,
applications.
 Subject: ________________
 Investigation: _______________
 Applications :_________________

4.  “Systematic inquiry, with the participation of
those affected by an issue for the purpose of
education and action or effecting change.”
Green et al., 1994; 2003
 “ A collaborative research approach that is designed to
ensure and establish structures for participation by
communities affected by the issue being studied,
representatives of organizations, and researchers in all
aspects of the research process to improve health and
well-being through taking action, including social change.”
AHRQ Report, 2004
4/29/2024 B. Duran 4

5.  Builds capacity and reduces dependency on
“professional outsiders”
 Ensures cultural and local competence
 Facilitates sustainability
 Enhances fit and productivity of programs
 Addressed concerns of manipulation
4/29/2024 B. Duran 5
Jewkes & Murcott, 1998, Rifkin, Muller & Bichmann, 1988, Cooke &
Kothari, 2001

6.  Who chose the
problem to be studied?
 How is the budget
divided?
 Is there an intervention
or service component?
 Where are the results
disseminated?
 Who designed the
intervention?
 Who made the
research policy
decisions? (e.g. is
there a control group?)
 Who writes
papers/makes
presentations? Who
owns the data?
Source: Adapted from Reyes et al. www.med.umich.edu/.../Fall%202005/Lichtenstein_Community-
Based%20Participatory%20Research%20Workshop.ppt

7.  Identifying a problem
 Literature
review/Theory
Development
 Pulling the team
together: support
letters
 Research proposal
 Getting the funds
 Ethics review
 Making a plan
 Data collection
 Analyzing data
 Interpreting data
 Dissemination of data
 Advocacy: policy and
services
4/29/2024 B. Duran 7
Stages of Research

8.  Don’t plan about us, without
us
 Policies shall not bypass Tribal
government review and
approval prior to
implementation
 Data shall not be published
without prior consultation
 Data belongs to tribe
4/29/2024 B. Duran 8
Turning Point Collaboration for a New Century of Public Health, Spring Forum 2001, NACCHO,W.K.K Kellogg,
Robert Wood Johnson Foundations

9. 4/29/2024 B. Duran 9
University Control Community Control
CBPR
Spectrum of CBPR
Relationships
Shared University/Community Control

10. “ CBPR refers to a partnership approach to research
that equitably involves community members,
organization representatives, and researchers in all
aspects of the research process”*
4/29/2024 B. Duran 10
Israel BA, Eng E, Schulz AJ, et al, eds. Methods in Community-Based
Participatory Research for Health. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass;
2005
NCAIPRC Tribal Leaders Research Guide 2009
“Research that involves the community in planning
and conducting the study. “

11.  Community Knowledge is
valued and valid
 Research is not culturally
neutral
 Responsible stewardship /
management includes
understanding data and
research
 Community leaders
must exercise
authority in directing
research and
managing data
 Research must benefit
community members

12.  Stewardship: being responsible for the needs
of a community
 To protect from harm
 To enhance well-being
 Culture Matters:

13.  Builds capacity and reduces dependency on
“professional outsiders”
 Ensures cultural and local competence
 Facilitates sustainability
 Enhances fit and productivity of programs
 Addressed concerns of manipulation
4/29/2024 B. Duran 13
Jewkes & Murcott, 1998, Rifkin, Muller & Bichmann, 1988, Cooke &
Kothari, 2001

14.  Who chose the
problem to be studied?
 How is the budget
divided?
 Is there an intervention
or service component?
 Where are the results
disseminated?
 Who designed the
intervention?
 Who made the
research policy
decisions? (e.g. is there
a control group?)
 Who writes
papers/makes
presentations? Who
owns the data?
Source: Adapted from Reyes et al. www.med.umich.edu/.../Fall%202005/Lichtenstein_Community-
Based%20Participatory%20Research%20Workshop.ppt

15.  Identifying a problem
 Literature review/
Theory Development
 Pulling the team
together: support letters
 Research proposal
 Getting the funds
 Ethics review
 Making a plan
 Data collection
 Analyzing data
 Interpreting data
 Dissemination of data
 Advocacy: policy and
services
4/29/2024 B. Duran 15
Stages of Research

16. 4/29/2024 B. Duran 16
The California Endowment
Rodney Hopson, Ph.D.
Adapted from:

17. 1. The social location of the clinician /researcher
matters (intersectionality)
 Gender
 Race
 Class
 Ethnicity
 Education
 Privilege/target
 Sexual orientation
 Etc… What else?
Hankivsky, O., & Cormier, R. (2009). Intersectionality: MovingWomen’s Health Research and
Policy Forward.Vancouver:Women’s Health Research Network.
This publication is also available online at www.whrn.ca.

18. 2. Research plays a role in furthering social
change and social justice
 Ability and duty to recognize asymmetric power
relations and to
 challenge systems and mechanisms of inequity and
injustice
 in hope of dismantling oppression
Theoretical approaches: critical, feminist,
postcolonial, etc… What else?

19. 3. Avoiding ethnocentrism means embracing
multiple cultural perspectives
 shift between diverse perspectives
 Recognizes ethnocentric standards and ideas
 HOW?
 Employ a team who can “translate” research from
multiple cultural contexts

20. 4 Culture is central to the research process
 worldview, values and norms impact the uses of,
reactions to, and legitimacy of, any research
 multicultural validity - defining social problems
 norms will play out in the context of research
instruments and protocols.

21. 5 Culturally and ethnically diverse
communities have contributions to make
in redefining the research field
 standards, guidelines, methods and paradigms of
the research field need to be rethought, and
underserved and marginalized culturally diverse
groups have an important role to play in this
process

22. Funding NIDA,OBSSR, NCRR
22

23.  1. Describe the variability of CBPR across
dimensions in the model to identify
differences and commonalities across
partnerships
 2. Describe and assess the impact of
governance on CBPR processes and
outcomes across AI/AN and other
communities of color.

24. 3. Examine the associations among group dynamic
processes and three major CBPR outcomes:
 culturally-responsive and centered interventions;
 strengthened research infrastructure and other
community capacities; and
 new health-enhancing policies and practices, under
varying conditions and contexts.
4. Identify and disseminate best and promising
practices, assessment tools, and future research
needs

25.  NCAIPRC to convene CoP, Executive Council and SCAC to ensure
development of principles for participatory decision-making,
shared values, and a strengthened voice for all partners.
 UW responsible for development, implementation, and analysis
of the survey (407 + sites ?). Working with NCAI PRC and UNM in
interpretation of data, in developing site reports, and
development of dissemination strategies.
 UNM responsible for case studies, data collection and analysis
from case studies. Working with UW and NCAIPRC in integration
of case study with survey results for dissemination strategies.

28.  AIMS
 Establish partnership and
board (CBPR)
 Compile and summarize
literature
 Needs and capacity
assessment
 Qualitative review of
culture-centered and
evidence based
interventions
 Develop effective
outreach and screening
procedures
 Benefits to TCU
 Individualized reports
 Results of research for
SAMHSA/HRSA grants
and advocacy
 Work with TCU
students
 Identify TCU “best
practices”
 Data for AIAN TCU
thesis, dissertations

29. Bonnie Duran,
Leo Egashira
Maya Magarati
Myra Parker
Elana Mainer
Ramona Beltran

30. In the PracticeWorld
The California Endowment
Rodney Hopson, Ph.D.
Adapted from:

31. • Story telling
• Sweat Lodge
• Talking circle
• Vision quest
• Wiping of tears
• Drumming
• Smudging
• Traditional Healers
• Herbal remedies
• Traditional activities 31

32. 1. The social location of the student/researcher
matters (intersectionality)
 Gender
 Race
 Class
 Ethnicity
 Education
 Privilege/target
 Sexual orientation
 Etc… What else?
32
Hankivsky, O., & Cormier, R. (2009). Intersectionality: MovingWomen’s Health Research and
Policy Forward.Vancouver:Women’s Health Research Network.
This publication is also available online at www.whrn.ca.

33. 2. Research plays a role in furthering social change
and social justice
 Ability and duty to recognize asymmetric power relations
and to
 challenge systems and mechanisms of inequity and
injustice
 in hope of dismantling oppression
Theoretical approaches: Indigenist, Queer, critical,
feminist, cultural humility, anti-racist, postcolonial,
etc… What else?
33

34. 3. Avoiding ethnocentrism means embracing
multiple cultural perspectives
 shift between diverse perspectives
 Recognizes ethnocentric standards and ideas
 HOW?
 Employ a team who can “translate” research from
multiple cultural contexts
34

35. 4 Culture is central to the research process
 worldview, values and norms impact the uses of,
reactions to, and legitimacy of, any research
 multicultural validity - defining social problems
 norms will play out in the context of research
instruments and protocols.
35

36. 5 Culturally and ethnically diverse
communities have contributions to make
in redefining the research field
 standards, guidelines, methods and paradigms of
the research field need to be rethought, and
underserved and marginalized culturally diverse
groups have an important role to play in this
process
36

37.  The role of the intellectual, according to
Delueze, is not to awake consciousness but to
weaken the power of hegemonic discourse
and to create the space for competing
discourses to be formulated and dispersed.