For Dr. Biocca's class, I wanted to post this literature review I did for Professor Chock last semester. It could be relevant to the child-rearing gaming study.
SBCC uses a socio-ecological approach and interactive communication processes informed by research and theory to address tipping points for change at multiple levels. Effective SBCC is planned based on local context, involves stakeholders, uses multiple channels, and emphasizes positive benefits over negative consequences to promote behaviors that improve health outcomes in a cost-effective manner.
Minding a Healthy Body: Clarifying Media Roles as Primers in the Rating of Bo...CrimsonpublishersPPrs
Minding a Healthy Body: Clarifying Media Roles as Primers in the Rating of Body Satisfaction in a Variety of Social Categories by Sebastian G in Psychology and Psychotherapy Research Study: Crimson Publishers_Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy
Participatory Action Research Approach: Strategies to Encourage Community Par...paperpublications3
Abstract: The focus of this article is the experiences of educators, nurses, social workers, civic members, police, victim empowerment group, church leaders and traditional leaders who were engaged in a participatory action research (PAR) project with a PhD student from the University of Limpopo. The aims of the project were to encourage community participation in the reduction of child sexual abuse and to educate the community about child sexual abuse. The purposes of the project were to improve the quality of life of the community members and to promote personal interrelationships in the community.
In this article, Mabade briefly described participatory action research project. The remaining sections focused on the research target groups’ reflections. The focus groups indicated some of the strategies employable to encourage community participation in reducing child sexual abuse. The data collected through interviews was analysed using data matrix. The participants indicated that individual education was not enough for reducing child sexual abuse but recommended that community education by community members of that particular community. The last section stated the importance of participatory action research type in dealing with community-based problems such as child sexual abuse.
This document summarizes information on human behavior and communication. It defines behavior as anything a person does that can be seen or heard, including responses to internal or external stimuli. Several factors that influence human behavior are discussed, including knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, values, norms, family/peer pressure, and leaders. Scholarly communication is defined as how researchers share their work, including publishing and archiving. Key roles of scholars are to communicate with others to share knowledge, contribute more than just consuming information, and publish in open access journals.
The document discusses different methods for measuring cyberbullying and traditional bullying among students. It compares using a global survey item versus specific behavior items, and applying lenient versus strict cut-off scores to identify bullies. The study aimed to see how prevalence rates differed based on these measurement methods. 1150 students aged 10-15 completed online surveys about bullying and cyberbullying behaviors. More students were identified as occasional or frequent cyberbullies when using specific behavior items compared to a global item. Applying a strict versus lenient cut-off score also impacted prevalence rates. Irrespective of measurement method, students identified as both traditional and cyberbullies exhibited higher levels of aggression.
This document summarizes research on programs aimed at developing life strategies, emotional intelligence, social skills, and moral development in students. It outlines several studies that found educational programs teaching competencies like emotional regulation, social skills, problem solving, and character development led to benefits like reduced depression, increased social acceptance, and improved academic and job performance. The Appleby College Life Strategies Programme is based on this research showing emotional intelligence and social-emotional learning can be improved through deliberate programs and correlates with occupational success more than grades alone.
This document discusses and summarizes two communication theories: cognitive dissonance theory and agenda-setting theory. Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that people feel psychological discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs or thoughts, and are motivated to resolve that conflict. Agenda-setting theory suggests that news media influences public perception by choosing which issues to focus on and how prominently to cover them. The document provides examples and discusses how these theories could be useful for communication professionals in addressing cognitive dissonance and understanding media influence.
When intentions go public - Gollwitzer PM, Sheeran P, Michalski V, Seifert AE.Marcela Fernandez
Based on Lewinian goal theory in general and self-completion theory in particular, four experiments examined the implications of other people taking notice of one's identity-related behavioral intentions.
SBCC uses a socio-ecological approach and interactive communication processes informed by research and theory to address tipping points for change at multiple levels. Effective SBCC is planned based on local context, involves stakeholders, uses multiple channels, and emphasizes positive benefits over negative consequences to promote behaviors that improve health outcomes in a cost-effective manner.
Minding a Healthy Body: Clarifying Media Roles as Primers in the Rating of Bo...CrimsonpublishersPPrs
Minding a Healthy Body: Clarifying Media Roles as Primers in the Rating of Body Satisfaction in a Variety of Social Categories by Sebastian G in Psychology and Psychotherapy Research Study: Crimson Publishers_Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy
Participatory Action Research Approach: Strategies to Encourage Community Par...paperpublications3
Abstract: The focus of this article is the experiences of educators, nurses, social workers, civic members, police, victim empowerment group, church leaders and traditional leaders who were engaged in a participatory action research (PAR) project with a PhD student from the University of Limpopo. The aims of the project were to encourage community participation in the reduction of child sexual abuse and to educate the community about child sexual abuse. The purposes of the project were to improve the quality of life of the community members and to promote personal interrelationships in the community.
In this article, Mabade briefly described participatory action research project. The remaining sections focused on the research target groups’ reflections. The focus groups indicated some of the strategies employable to encourage community participation in reducing child sexual abuse. The data collected through interviews was analysed using data matrix. The participants indicated that individual education was not enough for reducing child sexual abuse but recommended that community education by community members of that particular community. The last section stated the importance of participatory action research type in dealing with community-based problems such as child sexual abuse.
This document summarizes information on human behavior and communication. It defines behavior as anything a person does that can be seen or heard, including responses to internal or external stimuli. Several factors that influence human behavior are discussed, including knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, values, norms, family/peer pressure, and leaders. Scholarly communication is defined as how researchers share their work, including publishing and archiving. Key roles of scholars are to communicate with others to share knowledge, contribute more than just consuming information, and publish in open access journals.
The document discusses different methods for measuring cyberbullying and traditional bullying among students. It compares using a global survey item versus specific behavior items, and applying lenient versus strict cut-off scores to identify bullies. The study aimed to see how prevalence rates differed based on these measurement methods. 1150 students aged 10-15 completed online surveys about bullying and cyberbullying behaviors. More students were identified as occasional or frequent cyberbullies when using specific behavior items compared to a global item. Applying a strict versus lenient cut-off score also impacted prevalence rates. Irrespective of measurement method, students identified as both traditional and cyberbullies exhibited higher levels of aggression.
This document summarizes research on programs aimed at developing life strategies, emotional intelligence, social skills, and moral development in students. It outlines several studies that found educational programs teaching competencies like emotional regulation, social skills, problem solving, and character development led to benefits like reduced depression, increased social acceptance, and improved academic and job performance. The Appleby College Life Strategies Programme is based on this research showing emotional intelligence and social-emotional learning can be improved through deliberate programs and correlates with occupational success more than grades alone.
This document discusses and summarizes two communication theories: cognitive dissonance theory and agenda-setting theory. Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that people feel psychological discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs or thoughts, and are motivated to resolve that conflict. Agenda-setting theory suggests that news media influences public perception by choosing which issues to focus on and how prominently to cover them. The document provides examples and discusses how these theories could be useful for communication professionals in addressing cognitive dissonance and understanding media influence.
When intentions go public - Gollwitzer PM, Sheeran P, Michalski V, Seifert AE.Marcela Fernandez
Based on Lewinian goal theory in general and self-completion theory in particular, four experiments examined the implications of other people taking notice of one's identity-related behavioral intentions.
This document summarizes a study that tested the effectiveness of using tangible coins versus paper to deliver positive psychology interventions. The study compared three groups - one that received happiness activities printed on coins, one that received the same activities printed on paper, and a control group. The coin group scored highest on a life satisfaction scale. The findings support that the design/format of how positive interventions are delivered can impact their effectiveness, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary approaches involving psychologists, computer scientists and designers when developing these types of behavioral intervention technologies.
This document provides an overview of attachment theory and its utilization in counseling victims of domestic violence. It begins with an abstract that discusses domestic violence as a global issue and how attachment research has shown correlations between attachment patterns and victimization risk. The document then outlines how attachment theory posits that early attachments influence future relationships and how using this theory in therapy can help victims of domestic violence end the cycle of abuse by establishing safe attachments with their counselor.
A study examined the effects of exposure to thin ideal vs realistic images on female participants. 47 females viewed 6 thin ideal images in one session and 6 realistic images in another session. Measures assessed self-esteem, affect, and body esteem before and after. Results showed that after thin ideal images, participants had lower self-esteem and positive affect and higher negative affect compared to after realistic images. Participants also reported being more likely to purchase items modeled by realistic figures. The findings suggest that exposure to thin ideals activates negative self-views and affect.
Resilience Knowledge Mobilization and the ResilienceInYouth AppChristine Wekerle
This presentation outlines an exploratory knowledge mobilization study where research-based and evidence-based posts were shared on instagram (@resilienceinyouth) to see if instagram was a feasible outlet for resilience knowledge mobilization. Research conducted by researchers in the CIHRTeamSV grant was shared on instagram via links to ResearchGate. The development of a resilience-based app for youth is described and an overview of its features is given.
Los 10 principios y 19 elementos del Engagement. #WeberShandwickVictor Minuesa
The document explores the science behind engagement and identifies 10 principles and 19 elements that drive engagement. The principles include that engagement is a finite resource, requires reciprocity, and decisions are often post-rationalized. The 19 elements that motivate engagement range from aesthetics and belonging to respect and newness. Understanding these principles and elements can help organizations design more effective communications to increase engagement.
Recidivism Socially Just Policy Miriam and EricaMiriam Holbrook
This policy proposal aims to reduce recidivism rates in Michigan by revising the state's prisoner reentry program, MPRI. The proposal calls for increased community participation, addressing the needs of minority groups, and providing services that support well-being and reduce barriers to reentry. It summarizes research finding that programs providing case management, employment assistance, treatment, and support networks after release are effective at reducing recidivism. However, cuts to MPRI funding threaten progress. The proposal seeks to improve MPRI through culturally appropriate programming and support from community organizations.
SHCR Review 2015 - Appendix 1 Literature ReviewHorizons NHS
Appendix 1. Literature review - This section of the School evaluation presents a literature review exploring existing thinking and evidence on social learning and organisational change that underlie the focus, principles and methods of the evaluation, and the impact model.
Further information and links can be found on the link below;
http://theedge.nhsiq.nhs.uk/school/school-evaluation/
This document provides an overview of social casework as a primary method of social work. It discusses the objectives of social casework as understanding and solving internal client problems, strengthening ego power, remediating and preventing problems in social functioning. The key principles of social casework outlined are individualization, purposeful expression of feelings, controlled emotional involvement, acceptance, non-judgmental attitude, self-determination, and confidentiality. It also describes the components of a social casework setting as involving a client with a problem, a social service agency or department as the place, and a problem-solving process between the client and social worker.
SHCR Review 2015 - Appendix 5 Case StudiesHorizons NHS
Appendix 5. Case studies – CIPD used 15 case studies to understand the impact of the School for Health and Care Radical. The stories told by individuals in each case study provide detailed insights into the types of impact the School can have at an individual and organisational level as well as the impact on the quality of healthcare services.
Further information and links can be found on the link below;
http://theedge.nhsiq.nhs.uk/school/school-evaluation/
This document proposes three research ideas related to new media and psychology:
1. Examining the psychological factors involved in people's decisions to disclose personal information online and what design features encourage or inhibit various types of disclosure. Potential methods include a literature review and experiment.
2. Developing immersive learning games to teach parenting skills and increase parental self-efficacy, which could positively impact child development. The effectiveness of such games could be experimentally tested.
3. Studying how different types of news framing (e.g. straight reporting vs. human interest stories) may mediate the desensitizing effects of violent video games on people's reactions to real violence. Brain responses and framing theory
The document discusses various coffee machines and equipment available for purchase from different coffee suppliers in the Philippines. It includes details on espresso machines, coffee grinders, coffee brewers and blenders from brands like Astoria, Carimali, Bunn, Fecto, Vitamix, Blendtec and Waring. The prices for each item are also provided. At the end, it discusses a coffee shop called Kahve Delicioso's decision to purchase high-quality equipment from Boyd Coffee Company to produce high-quality beverages and compete globally.
This document is a presentation that tests the reader's ability to identify whether 10 different slides depict places, objects or events from China or elsewhere in Asia. The slides show various landscapes, buildings, artworks and cultural activities. Of the 10 slides, 5 depict non-Chinese locations or objects from South Korea, Hong Kong or the US, while the other 5 accurately show places and things that are truly from China such as the Great Wall, Forbidden City and Chinese calligraphy.
This marketing plan summary outlines the product, competition, positioning, communication strategies, launch plan, and metrics for success. The plan positions the new product against competitors by defining its unique benefits to consumers. It establishes mass market distribution through multiple channels and targets early adopter and pioneer customers. The 18-month schedule and budget support an initial launch phase followed by wider promotion. Key milestones and 18-month goals are identified to measure the success of the new product introduction.
Food Security and the Poverty Paradox at the Local Level in BelizeMyrtle Palacio
This paper was first presented at an international food and nutrition conference at the Tuskegee University in October 2000. It looksa at the social, political and economic framework of food security at the household level--availability, consumption practices, value systems, policies. Food security safety nets is analysed assessing the initiatives at both the formal and household levels---comparing the north with the south of the country of Belize
The document introduces a smart ruler product concept called the Ruben Ruler.
The product combines a ruler with football shooting mechanics, allowing it to slide back like a kicked football entering a goal. It has additional high-tech functions like temperature sensors, electronic recording, and customizable LED patterns.
The ruler can be used for measurements and decoratively displayed on a table where it "shoots" into a display stand, resembling a football goal. When finished, users can check various measurements, temperatures, times and more.
This document lists 3 coffee shops - Starbucks, Kahve Delicioso, and Coffee Belle - located in Quezon City, Philippines and their addresses. It also lists popular coffee drinks like latte, cappuccino, mocha, brewed coffee, americano, caramel cream and mocha along with their prices at each coffee shop. The document provides locations of coffee shops and compares pricing of common coffee drinks between the three shops located in Quezon City.
Strengths And Weaknesses Of Social Research MethodsSandra Arveseth
The document discusses social work research and anti-oppressive research methods. It notes that social work research is often constrained by institutional systems, including those that oppress the populations being studied. Effective anti-oppressive research considers power relationships and stakeholders. The researcher's positionality, reflexivity and power are important to consider in choice of methods. The document calls for a critical view of social work research due to these constraints and the need to consider alternative practices not covered in typical social work research courses.
This document summarizes research on programs and initiatives related to emotional intelligence, social ecology, and moral development. It provides annotations for several studies that developed and evaluated interventions targeting social and emotional skills. Key findings include that emotional intelligence can be improved through focused efforts; environmental characteristics influence individual functioning; and moral reasoning can be promoted to higher stages through targeted interventions, especially for individuals in institutional settings. The Appleby College Life Strategies Programme appears to be based on research showing the importance of these factors for success beyond grades.
Advantages of Using Facebook Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Facebook and whatsapp - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Essay about Facebook. Facebook Essay | Essay on Facebook in India for Students and Children .... Facebook History Essay: [Essay Example], 1041 words | EssayPay. Essay of facebook - South Florida Painless Breast Implants by Dr Paul .... Facebook as a social media company - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. 3facebook - Why I Hate Facebook Essay Analyzing Arguments - English .... Growth and Development of Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well .... The Business of Facebook - PHDessay.com. ️ Essay about facebook. Advantages and Disadvantages using facebook by .... About Facebook inc. - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Facebook Essay & Paragraph » All Paragraph. ARTMISC - Facebook Argumentative Essay.docx - Facebook Argumentative .... 7 Keys to Writing Killer Facebook Posts That Bring Clicks. Essay on Facebook in English for Students | 500 Words Essay. Facebook Persuasive Essay Sample - Pros & Cons Examples. Excellent Argumentative Essay About Facebook ~ Thatsnotus. Facebook essay ideas. Facebook vs. Twitter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... An Impact of Facebook News Feed on Facebook Users - Free Essay Example .... Essays on facebook addiction. The Catling Mindswipe: How-to: Write an Essay in Facebook - and Why You .... Read «Facebook» Essay Sample for Free at SupremeEssays.com. Opinion essay about facebook Facebook Essay
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxhelzerpatrina
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to
Facebook Appeals: Emotional Cause Identification and Distinct
Self-Determined Regulations
Kaspar Schattke
Université du Québec à Montréal
Ronald Ferguson and Michèle Paulin
Concordia University
Nonprofit organizations are increasingly dependent on the involvement of Millennial
constituencies. Three studies investigated their motivations to support charity-linked
events: emotional identification with a cause, self-determination theory (SDT) regula-
tions, and context-related Facebook promotions. This article addresses the recent call to
expand SDT research from a simple analysis of autonomous versus controlled moti-
vation, to studying the effects of all the regulations in the SDT continuum, in particular,
the inclusion of the tripartite dimensions of intrinsic motivation and integrated moti-
vation. Results demonstrated that the greater the emotional identification with the
cause, the stronger was the tendency to support the charity-linked event. Also, the
results in these social media contexts revealed that specific intrinsic dimensions (e.g.,
experience stimulation) are motivators of online and offline support, as is the personal
value nature of integrated regulation. Whereas only autonomous motivational regula-
tions predicted support for the two events organized specifically a for charitable causes,
both autonomous and controlled regulations predicted support of a for-profit event
organized with a charitable cause as an adjunct. These findings can assist practitioners
in designing more effective social media communications in support of charity-linked
events.
Keywords: social media, self-determination theory, integrated regulation, tripartite
model of intrinsic motivation, charitable causes
Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000085.supp
Social media is a new domain offering excit-
ing opportunities to investigate research ques-
tions in social psychology (Greitemeyer, 2011;
Kende, Ujhelyi, Joinson, & Greitemeyer, 2015).
Our research examined motivation to support
charity-linked events of nonprofit organizations
that are currently faced with increased compe-
tition for resources and declining government
support (Paulin, Ferguson, Jost, & Fallu, 2014;
Reed, Aquino, & Levy, 2007; White & Peloza,
2009). Presently, they depend on an ageing set
of traditional supporters (Urbain, Gonzalez, &
Le Gall-Ely, 2013). However, their future suc-
cess lies in ensuring the sustainable involve-
ment of the Millennial generation (Fine, 2009),
distinguished from other generations by their
intense exposure at an early age to interactive
technology and social media (Bolton et al.,
2013).
Facebook, the most detailed social media, is
used primarily to maintain or solidify existing
offline relationships allowing people to develop
a public or semipublic profile and to emotion-
ally participate with those whom they can share
This article was published Online First December .
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxadelaidefarmer322
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to
Facebook Appeals: Emotional Cause Identification and Distinct
Self-Determined Regulations
Kaspar Schattke
Université du Québec à Montréal
Ronald Ferguson and Michèle Paulin
Concordia University
Nonprofit organizations are increasingly dependent on the involvement of Millennial
constituencies. Three studies investigated their motivations to support charity-linked
events: emotional identification with a cause, self-determination theory (SDT) regula-
tions, and context-related Facebook promotions. This article addresses the recent call to
expand SDT research from a simple analysis of autonomous versus controlled moti-
vation, to studying the effects of all the regulations in the SDT continuum, in particular,
the inclusion of the tripartite dimensions of intrinsic motivation and integrated moti-
vation. Results demonstrated that the greater the emotional identification with the
cause, the stronger was the tendency to support the charity-linked event. Also, the
results in these social media contexts revealed that specific intrinsic dimensions (e.g.,
experience stimulation) are motivators of online and offline support, as is the personal
value nature of integrated regulation. Whereas only autonomous motivational regula-
tions predicted support for the two events organized specifically a for charitable causes,
both autonomous and controlled regulations predicted support of a for-profit event
organized with a charitable cause as an adjunct. These findings can assist practitioners
in designing more effective social media communications in support of charity-linked
events.
Keywords: social media, self-determination theory, integrated regulation, tripartite
model of intrinsic motivation, charitable causes
Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000085.supp
Social media is a new domain offering excit-
ing opportunities to investigate research ques-
tions in social psychology (Greitemeyer, 2011;
Kende, Ujhelyi, Joinson, & Greitemeyer, 2015).
Our research examined motivation to support
charity-linked events of nonprofit organizations
that are currently faced with increased compe-
tition for resources and declining government
support (Paulin, Ferguson, Jost, & Fallu, 2014;
Reed, Aquino, & Levy, 2007; White & Peloza,
2009). Presently, they depend on an ageing set
of traditional supporters (Urbain, Gonzalez, &
Le Gall-Ely, 2013). However, their future suc-
cess lies in ensuring the sustainable involve-
ment of the Millennial generation (Fine, 2009),
distinguished from other generations by their
intense exposure at an early age to interactive
technology and social media (Bolton et al.,
2013).
Facebook, the most detailed social media, is
used primarily to maintain or solidify existing
offline relationships allowing people to develop
a public or semipublic profile and to emotion-
ally participate with those whom they can share
This article was published Online First December .
This document summarizes a study that tested the effectiveness of using tangible coins versus paper to deliver positive psychology interventions. The study compared three groups - one that received happiness activities printed on coins, one that received the same activities printed on paper, and a control group. The coin group scored highest on a life satisfaction scale. The findings support that the design/format of how positive interventions are delivered can impact their effectiveness, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary approaches involving psychologists, computer scientists and designers when developing these types of behavioral intervention technologies.
This document provides an overview of attachment theory and its utilization in counseling victims of domestic violence. It begins with an abstract that discusses domestic violence as a global issue and how attachment research has shown correlations between attachment patterns and victimization risk. The document then outlines how attachment theory posits that early attachments influence future relationships and how using this theory in therapy can help victims of domestic violence end the cycle of abuse by establishing safe attachments with their counselor.
A study examined the effects of exposure to thin ideal vs realistic images on female participants. 47 females viewed 6 thin ideal images in one session and 6 realistic images in another session. Measures assessed self-esteem, affect, and body esteem before and after. Results showed that after thin ideal images, participants had lower self-esteem and positive affect and higher negative affect compared to after realistic images. Participants also reported being more likely to purchase items modeled by realistic figures. The findings suggest that exposure to thin ideals activates negative self-views and affect.
Resilience Knowledge Mobilization and the ResilienceInYouth AppChristine Wekerle
This presentation outlines an exploratory knowledge mobilization study where research-based and evidence-based posts were shared on instagram (@resilienceinyouth) to see if instagram was a feasible outlet for resilience knowledge mobilization. Research conducted by researchers in the CIHRTeamSV grant was shared on instagram via links to ResearchGate. The development of a resilience-based app for youth is described and an overview of its features is given.
Los 10 principios y 19 elementos del Engagement. #WeberShandwickVictor Minuesa
The document explores the science behind engagement and identifies 10 principles and 19 elements that drive engagement. The principles include that engagement is a finite resource, requires reciprocity, and decisions are often post-rationalized. The 19 elements that motivate engagement range from aesthetics and belonging to respect and newness. Understanding these principles and elements can help organizations design more effective communications to increase engagement.
Recidivism Socially Just Policy Miriam and EricaMiriam Holbrook
This policy proposal aims to reduce recidivism rates in Michigan by revising the state's prisoner reentry program, MPRI. The proposal calls for increased community participation, addressing the needs of minority groups, and providing services that support well-being and reduce barriers to reentry. It summarizes research finding that programs providing case management, employment assistance, treatment, and support networks after release are effective at reducing recidivism. However, cuts to MPRI funding threaten progress. The proposal seeks to improve MPRI through culturally appropriate programming and support from community organizations.
SHCR Review 2015 - Appendix 1 Literature ReviewHorizons NHS
Appendix 1. Literature review - This section of the School evaluation presents a literature review exploring existing thinking and evidence on social learning and organisational change that underlie the focus, principles and methods of the evaluation, and the impact model.
Further information and links can be found on the link below;
http://theedge.nhsiq.nhs.uk/school/school-evaluation/
This document provides an overview of social casework as a primary method of social work. It discusses the objectives of social casework as understanding and solving internal client problems, strengthening ego power, remediating and preventing problems in social functioning. The key principles of social casework outlined are individualization, purposeful expression of feelings, controlled emotional involvement, acceptance, non-judgmental attitude, self-determination, and confidentiality. It also describes the components of a social casework setting as involving a client with a problem, a social service agency or department as the place, and a problem-solving process between the client and social worker.
SHCR Review 2015 - Appendix 5 Case StudiesHorizons NHS
Appendix 5. Case studies – CIPD used 15 case studies to understand the impact of the School for Health and Care Radical. The stories told by individuals in each case study provide detailed insights into the types of impact the School can have at an individual and organisational level as well as the impact on the quality of healthcare services.
Further information and links can be found on the link below;
http://theedge.nhsiq.nhs.uk/school/school-evaluation/
This document proposes three research ideas related to new media and psychology:
1. Examining the psychological factors involved in people's decisions to disclose personal information online and what design features encourage or inhibit various types of disclosure. Potential methods include a literature review and experiment.
2. Developing immersive learning games to teach parenting skills and increase parental self-efficacy, which could positively impact child development. The effectiveness of such games could be experimentally tested.
3. Studying how different types of news framing (e.g. straight reporting vs. human interest stories) may mediate the desensitizing effects of violent video games on people's reactions to real violence. Brain responses and framing theory
The document discusses various coffee machines and equipment available for purchase from different coffee suppliers in the Philippines. It includes details on espresso machines, coffee grinders, coffee brewers and blenders from brands like Astoria, Carimali, Bunn, Fecto, Vitamix, Blendtec and Waring. The prices for each item are also provided. At the end, it discusses a coffee shop called Kahve Delicioso's decision to purchase high-quality equipment from Boyd Coffee Company to produce high-quality beverages and compete globally.
This document is a presentation that tests the reader's ability to identify whether 10 different slides depict places, objects or events from China or elsewhere in Asia. The slides show various landscapes, buildings, artworks and cultural activities. Of the 10 slides, 5 depict non-Chinese locations or objects from South Korea, Hong Kong or the US, while the other 5 accurately show places and things that are truly from China such as the Great Wall, Forbidden City and Chinese calligraphy.
This marketing plan summary outlines the product, competition, positioning, communication strategies, launch plan, and metrics for success. The plan positions the new product against competitors by defining its unique benefits to consumers. It establishes mass market distribution through multiple channels and targets early adopter and pioneer customers. The 18-month schedule and budget support an initial launch phase followed by wider promotion. Key milestones and 18-month goals are identified to measure the success of the new product introduction.
Food Security and the Poverty Paradox at the Local Level in BelizeMyrtle Palacio
This paper was first presented at an international food and nutrition conference at the Tuskegee University in October 2000. It looksa at the social, political and economic framework of food security at the household level--availability, consumption practices, value systems, policies. Food security safety nets is analysed assessing the initiatives at both the formal and household levels---comparing the north with the south of the country of Belize
The document introduces a smart ruler product concept called the Ruben Ruler.
The product combines a ruler with football shooting mechanics, allowing it to slide back like a kicked football entering a goal. It has additional high-tech functions like temperature sensors, electronic recording, and customizable LED patterns.
The ruler can be used for measurements and decoratively displayed on a table where it "shoots" into a display stand, resembling a football goal. When finished, users can check various measurements, temperatures, times and more.
This document lists 3 coffee shops - Starbucks, Kahve Delicioso, and Coffee Belle - located in Quezon City, Philippines and their addresses. It also lists popular coffee drinks like latte, cappuccino, mocha, brewed coffee, americano, caramel cream and mocha along with their prices at each coffee shop. The document provides locations of coffee shops and compares pricing of common coffee drinks between the three shops located in Quezon City.
Strengths And Weaknesses Of Social Research MethodsSandra Arveseth
The document discusses social work research and anti-oppressive research methods. It notes that social work research is often constrained by institutional systems, including those that oppress the populations being studied. Effective anti-oppressive research considers power relationships and stakeholders. The researcher's positionality, reflexivity and power are important to consider in choice of methods. The document calls for a critical view of social work research due to these constraints and the need to consider alternative practices not covered in typical social work research courses.
This document summarizes research on programs and initiatives related to emotional intelligence, social ecology, and moral development. It provides annotations for several studies that developed and evaluated interventions targeting social and emotional skills. Key findings include that emotional intelligence can be improved through focused efforts; environmental characteristics influence individual functioning; and moral reasoning can be promoted to higher stages through targeted interventions, especially for individuals in institutional settings. The Appleby College Life Strategies Programme appears to be based on research showing the importance of these factors for success beyond grades.
Advantages of Using Facebook Essay Example | StudyHippo.com. Facebook and whatsapp - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Essay about Facebook. Facebook Essay | Essay on Facebook in India for Students and Children .... Facebook History Essay: [Essay Example], 1041 words | EssayPay. Essay of facebook - South Florida Painless Breast Implants by Dr Paul .... Facebook as a social media company - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. 3facebook - Why I Hate Facebook Essay Analyzing Arguments - English .... Growth and Development of Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well .... The Business of Facebook - PHDessay.com. ️ Essay about facebook. Advantages and Disadvantages using facebook by .... About Facebook inc. - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Facebook Essay & Paragraph » All Paragraph. ARTMISC - Facebook Argumentative Essay.docx - Facebook Argumentative .... 7 Keys to Writing Killer Facebook Posts That Bring Clicks. Essay on Facebook in English for Students | 500 Words Essay. Facebook Persuasive Essay Sample - Pros & Cons Examples. Excellent Argumentative Essay About Facebook ~ Thatsnotus. Facebook essay ideas. Facebook vs. Twitter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... An Impact of Facebook News Feed on Facebook Users - Free Essay Example .... Essays on facebook addiction. The Catling Mindswipe: How-to: Write an Essay in Facebook - and Why You .... Read «Facebook» Essay Sample for Free at SupremeEssays.com. Opinion essay about facebook Facebook Essay
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxhelzerpatrina
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to
Facebook Appeals: Emotional Cause Identification and Distinct
Self-Determined Regulations
Kaspar Schattke
Université du Québec à Montréal
Ronald Ferguson and Michèle Paulin
Concordia University
Nonprofit organizations are increasingly dependent on the involvement of Millennial
constituencies. Three studies investigated their motivations to support charity-linked
events: emotional identification with a cause, self-determination theory (SDT) regula-
tions, and context-related Facebook promotions. This article addresses the recent call to
expand SDT research from a simple analysis of autonomous versus controlled moti-
vation, to studying the effects of all the regulations in the SDT continuum, in particular,
the inclusion of the tripartite dimensions of intrinsic motivation and integrated moti-
vation. Results demonstrated that the greater the emotional identification with the
cause, the stronger was the tendency to support the charity-linked event. Also, the
results in these social media contexts revealed that specific intrinsic dimensions (e.g.,
experience stimulation) are motivators of online and offline support, as is the personal
value nature of integrated regulation. Whereas only autonomous motivational regula-
tions predicted support for the two events organized specifically a for charitable causes,
both autonomous and controlled regulations predicted support of a for-profit event
organized with a charitable cause as an adjunct. These findings can assist practitioners
in designing more effective social media communications in support of charity-linked
events.
Keywords: social media, self-determination theory, integrated regulation, tripartite
model of intrinsic motivation, charitable causes
Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000085.supp
Social media is a new domain offering excit-
ing opportunities to investigate research ques-
tions in social psychology (Greitemeyer, 2011;
Kende, Ujhelyi, Joinson, & Greitemeyer, 2015).
Our research examined motivation to support
charity-linked events of nonprofit organizations
that are currently faced with increased compe-
tition for resources and declining government
support (Paulin, Ferguson, Jost, & Fallu, 2014;
Reed, Aquino, & Levy, 2007; White & Peloza,
2009). Presently, they depend on an ageing set
of traditional supporters (Urbain, Gonzalez, &
Le Gall-Ely, 2013). However, their future suc-
cess lies in ensuring the sustainable involve-
ment of the Millennial generation (Fine, 2009),
distinguished from other generations by their
intense exposure at an early age to interactive
technology and social media (Bolton et al.,
2013).
Facebook, the most detailed social media, is
used primarily to maintain or solidify existing
offline relationships allowing people to develop
a public or semipublic profile and to emotion-
ally participate with those whom they can share
This article was published Online First December .
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxadelaidefarmer322
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to
Facebook Appeals: Emotional Cause Identification and Distinct
Self-Determined Regulations
Kaspar Schattke
Université du Québec à Montréal
Ronald Ferguson and Michèle Paulin
Concordia University
Nonprofit organizations are increasingly dependent on the involvement of Millennial
constituencies. Three studies investigated their motivations to support charity-linked
events: emotional identification with a cause, self-determination theory (SDT) regula-
tions, and context-related Facebook promotions. This article addresses the recent call to
expand SDT research from a simple analysis of autonomous versus controlled moti-
vation, to studying the effects of all the regulations in the SDT continuum, in particular,
the inclusion of the tripartite dimensions of intrinsic motivation and integrated moti-
vation. Results demonstrated that the greater the emotional identification with the
cause, the stronger was the tendency to support the charity-linked event. Also, the
results in these social media contexts revealed that specific intrinsic dimensions (e.g.,
experience stimulation) are motivators of online and offline support, as is the personal
value nature of integrated regulation. Whereas only autonomous motivational regula-
tions predicted support for the two events organized specifically a for charitable causes,
both autonomous and controlled regulations predicted support of a for-profit event
organized with a charitable cause as an adjunct. These findings can assist practitioners
in designing more effective social media communications in support of charity-linked
events.
Keywords: social media, self-determination theory, integrated regulation, tripartite
model of intrinsic motivation, charitable causes
Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000085.supp
Social media is a new domain offering excit-
ing opportunities to investigate research ques-
tions in social psychology (Greitemeyer, 2011;
Kende, Ujhelyi, Joinson, & Greitemeyer, 2015).
Our research examined motivation to support
charity-linked events of nonprofit organizations
that are currently faced with increased compe-
tition for resources and declining government
support (Paulin, Ferguson, Jost, & Fallu, 2014;
Reed, Aquino, & Levy, 2007; White & Peloza,
2009). Presently, they depend on an ageing set
of traditional supporters (Urbain, Gonzalez, &
Le Gall-Ely, 2013). However, their future suc-
cess lies in ensuring the sustainable involve-
ment of the Millennial generation (Fine, 2009),
distinguished from other generations by their
intense exposure at an early age to interactive
technology and social media (Bolton et al.,
2013).
Facebook, the most detailed social media, is
used primarily to maintain or solidify existing
offline relationships allowing people to develop
a public or semipublic profile and to emotion-
ally participate with those whom they can share
This article was published Online First December .
The document discusses several studies on the causes and consequences of bullying and approaches to addressing it. It finds that bullying is more likely when children have certain risk factors or experience peer rejection. Long term bullying can lead to lower academic achievement, depression, and even suicide. Several studies suggest screening children who bully for psychological problems and addressing issues like low social support. Recent legislation has aimed to prevent bullying but more may need to be done to involve public health efforts. One evaluation found that anti-bullying programs for teachers could help if they improve school climate and teachers' ability to intervene in bullying situations.
(Discussion 1)Describe a social theory that was discussed in the Socia.docxchristina345678
(Discussion 1)
Describe a social theory that was discussed in the “Social Relationships and Health” journal article and indicate how it was used to support the research.
From my understanding of the journal for this week, the social theory was how some ones health can be effected with or with out social relations. From the research it touches on how a person or people can be happy and also live longer with better health, when practicing social relationships. The article discuss how the theory of social relationships can make people stringer and healthier. It was used to support the research because the researchers conducted studies not only on humans but animals as well to prove this theory.
Choose one of the quantitative research results presented in the article; describe the evidence presented and indicate which variables of the experiment were highlighted.
The quantitative research results that I choose from the article was when the researchers were discovering that social relationships can cause a risk factors of mortality, and probably morbidity, from a wide range of diseases. From the readings the researchers shown that they used criteria include strength and consistencies of statistical association across a wide range of studies an cause and effect with animals and humans. An experiment of behavior pattern as an risk factor for (type A) heart disease. 1964 Surgeon general had evidence that social relationship and health increased that cigarette smoking was a cause or risk factor for mortality a range of disease. These factors are important because the researchers seen that there is less association of social relationships when it comes to smoking, because smoking is also linked to cancer.
Determine the article’s conclusion in regards to social relationships in society. Based on the accompanying media piece “Why Facebook Could Be Good for Your Health Links to an external site.,” how could modern social media sites support the research findings in the journal article?
Although social relationships as independent, overruling, and moderating variables affecting stress, health, or the relationships between them have been widely studied over the past decade, almost no attention has been paid to social relationships as dependent variables ( House, Landis & Umberson, 1988). I believe that modern social media sites support the claims that social variables determine both health and the nature of social relationships, both link social relationship to health. Modern social media is where you can give updates on thoughts and at one point it was some where you can express freedom of speech.
The course text reading discussed how research can also use the transformative paradigm in social theory to impact social change. How does it do this and what types of societal populations can the transformative paradigm specifically impact?
The researcher's role and the selection of particular paradigmatic perspectives are affected by the interse.
Discuss the concept that attitude and opinion change were consider.docxlynettearnold46882
Discuss the concept that attitude and opinion change were considered to be measures of personal. This was because they were assumed to be enduring. Is this assumption still applicable today? Why and how? .(chapter 8)
Attitude is an action toward or away from an attitude object. An opinion is the way people express their attitude or believe. This could be verbalized while attitudes possessed positive and negative drive value. Tow major of research was done by Hovland and Janis address Laswell model of interpersonal communication who says what to whom in what channel with what effect or outcome. In 1953, this was looking for cause and effect and how one elicits change on another.
Hovland, Kelly, and Janis argued attitude and opinion are enduring. They used three steps in order to determine whether attitude change occurred or not. They include attention, comprehension, and acceptance. Not every message that will catch people’s attention. When the message is complicated, it is hard to comprehend and understand. To make the change, individual should accept changes to avoid any regret later. To overcome this regrets we need to work hard to make sure that we carry out the right decisions and which we are comfortable in.
A research on persuasion involves four parts that are communicator, message, audience and response. Credibility goes hand in hand with the communicator's ability to persuade someone. People tend to do dangerous things when in a group than individually. Persuasion is more successful when the individuals are personally convinced r influenced by an absolute choice. Humans are expected to be active in a given task if they are more involved in the persuasion. Someone with an interest in something is more likely to be persuading over time. Using less effort than that who lacks in Personal Influence. The message and credibility are some of the main factors that affect the rate of influencing persons into something.
In the two-step flow of communication, an individual fundamentally influences the other. The media will be more efficient in eliciting change than any other channel. Its influence is indirect rather than direct. Opinion leaders also play a great role in persuading groups of people. It is out of the persuasion that the public makes a choice based on how convinced they are about these choices.
The basic categories which Hovland, Janis, Lumsdaine, and Sheffield addressed in their persusion research are communicator, content, audience and response. It considered central to attitude change. Hovland used Lasswell's formula of "who says what to whom with what effect."
The Communicator (Who) the group studied source credibility, looking at trustworthiness and expertness. They found that, while high-credibility communicators produced better amounts of attitude change, low-credibility communicators produced little attitude change. Another found, when a person with high-credibility gives false information, a person will dissocia.
This document discusses the development of social cognition in children and the role of societal influences. It argues that social cognition emerges from the interplay between nature and nurture, with children internalizing environmental and social influences from a young age. As children interact with others, they learn social behaviors, ways of thinking, and how to process information within a social context. Later cognitive and social functioning depends on these early social experiences. The document emphasizes that social cognition develops through biological and neurological processes that are shaped by the social environment. It calls for a multidisciplinary approach to understand how both individual factors and social context intertwine to influence the emergence of social cognition.
This study examined the effects of the Son-Rise Program (SRP), an intensive developmental intervention for autism. Six children with autism ages 47-78 months received 40 hours of SRP over 5 days, which aims to increase child-initiated social interaction. Their social behaviors were observed before, during, and after treatment using passive interaction probes. Results showed increases in social orienting, gestures, social engagement time, and time spent in social interaction for the children receiving SRP compared to controls. This provides initial evidence that SRP may improve social communication in autism.
Running head PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT1PERSONAL MISSION ST.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
1
PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
4
Personal Mission Statement
Name
PSY/699
Instructor name
date
Personal Mission Statement
To begin with, I have set my eyes on becoming a social worker. Further, through my involvement in the realm of social work, I hope to help as many individuals as I can. For a long a time, I have exhibited immense passion and the need to come to the assistance of individuals who are grappling with a vast array of unsavory circumstances. My passion is as a result of my experiences of the suffering of many people whom I have interacted with throughout my life. Notably, the majority of these people had to contend with abuse and neglect for a long time. Moreover, my need is as a result of my comprehension of the fact that transforming the globe commences with the assistance of a just a single individual and having the ability to empathize with individuals. Having witnessed so much suffering throughout my life, I feel that it is right for me to do whatever I can to bring smiles to faces of individuals who have faced diverse challenging situations in their life. In this way, I believe that I will be able to bring much-needed positive contributions to my preferred profession.
Further, I bring various positive and unique qualities to social work, the most prominent of which include empathy, active listening, and persuasion. Firstly, empathy relates to the capability of an individual to identify with the situation in which another individual is. Undoubtedly, empathy is immensely critical in the realm of social work owing to the fact that it aids those partaking in the field to not only comprehend but also assist others in ascertaining solutions to their problems. Apart from this, active listening is equally critical in social work because it helps in establishing trust, opening doors, and coming to the discovery of important details regarding the people seeking the assistance of social workers. In this way, their unique circumstances can be understood. Additionally, the value of persuasion cannot be stressed enough, as it aids in influencing, coaxing, or inviting individuals to take action, for instance, when it comes to the transformation of client behavior.
With respect to how I see my role in the profession evolving through time, I hope that I will start working as a child welfare social worker in a hospital. I intend to offer services to children who are grappling with abuse and neglect owing to the actions of their parents. On top of this, I intend to assist children coming from families that do not earn enough income. In addition, I hope that I will become a hospital manager of child welfare five years after starting my practice of social work. Following the attainment of two to three years’ experience as child welfare social worker, on top of undergoing additional management training, I hope that I will be able to land the position. In addition, I intend to start a non-profit communit.
Running head PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT1PERSONAL MISSION ST.docxglendar3
Running head: PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
1
PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
4
Personal Mission Statement
Name
PSY/699
Instructor name
date
Personal Mission Statement
To begin with, I have set my eyes on becoming a social worker. Further, through my involvement in the realm of social work, I hope to help as many individuals as I can. For a long a time, I have exhibited immense passion and the need to come to the assistance of individuals who are grappling with a vast array of unsavory circumstances. My passion is as a result of my experiences of the suffering of many people whom I have interacted with throughout my life. Notably, the majority of these people had to contend with abuse and neglect for a long time. Moreover, my need is as a result of my comprehension of the fact that transforming the globe commences with the assistance of a just a single individual and having the ability to empathize with individuals. Having witnessed so much suffering throughout my life, I feel that it is right for me to do whatever I can to bring smiles to faces of individuals who have faced diverse challenging situations in their life. In this way, I believe that I will be able to bring much-needed positive contributions to my preferred profession.
Further, I bring various positive and unique qualities to social work, the most prominent of which include empathy, active listening, and persuasion. Firstly, empathy relates to the capability of an individual to identify with the situation in which another individual is. Undoubtedly, empathy is immensely critical in the realm of social work owing to the fact that it aids those partaking in the field to not only comprehend but also assist others in ascertaining solutions to their problems. Apart from this, active listening is equally critical in social work because it helps in establishing trust, opening doors, and coming to the discovery of important details regarding the people seeking the assistance of social workers. In this way, their unique circumstances can be understood. Additionally, the value of persuasion cannot be stressed enough, as it aids in influencing, coaxing, or inviting individuals to take action, for instance, when it comes to the transformation of client behavior.
With respect to how I see my role in the profession evolving through time, I hope that I will start working as a child welfare social worker in a hospital. I intend to offer services to children who are grappling with abuse and neglect owing to the actions of their parents. On top of this, I intend to assist children coming from families that do not earn enough income. In addition, I hope that I will become a hospital manager of child welfare five years after starting my practice of social work. Following the attainment of two to three years’ experience as child welfare social worker, on top of undergoing additional management training, I hope that I will be able to land the position. In addition, I intend to start a non-profit communit.
The document discusses the social cognitive theory and how social influences and interactions shape learning. It provides examples of how Albert Bandura's experiments demonstrated that social modeling from media can influence behaviors in children. New technologies create more opportunities for social learning by facilitating online communities, social networking, and collaborative gaming where students can learn from each other.
Community engagement is the collaboration between individuals fromLynellBull52
Community engagement is the collaboration between individuals from the community, hospitals, and stakeholder organizations to identify and address community health-related issues and promote well-being to achieve improved health impacts and outcomes. It engages the community to attain sustainable and long-term relationships, decision-making, implementation, or results. Community engagement is essential in nursing practice as it helps nurses understand the community they serve, including specific health issues affecting them, their root causes, and the resources and assets available to address these issues. The paper will discuss the most effective levels of engagement that nurses can provide to the community.
Levels of Engagement that Nurses can Provide the Community
There are five levels of engagement a nurse can provide the community, which include sharing information, consulting, collaborating, and empowering the community. The first level involves a two-way process involving nurses providing the community with health information, for instance, educating them on the health issues affecting the community and other new health resources and programs available for the community and how they can access them. Also, by sharing information, nurses can identify health issues affecting the community and other health needs for effective planning and intervention. The second level involves consultation and the community in health-related decisions and plans. In these levels, nurses seek and consider the views of the community members on the health services, policies, or programs that directly affect their health and well-being (Drake et al., 2022). The nurses consult and involve the community members to improve their access to available health programs and services and their relationship with the health providers. For instance, when conducting an immunization program, the targeted community members must be consulted and involved directly to create trust, which is essential for the program's success (WHO, 2020).
Another most effective level of engagement is collaboration. This level involves nurses collaborating with the community leaders, members, and other eternal partners such as charity organizations to raise resources and implement strategies to improve the community's health. Collaboration enables priority setting and decision-making based on the community members themselves. The last level of engagement is community empowerment achieved through the active participation of the individuals in the community at all the other levels. At this level, the community members gain power, self-esteem, and confidence to articulate their concerns to the nurses and ensure that appropriate actions are taken to address them. The nurses mobilize community assets, empowering the community to implement interventions and develop systems for self-governance and strategies to improve their health and well-being (WHO, 2020).
In conclusion, each successive level empower ...
This dissertation investigates the relationship between motivation, future aspirations, and perceptions of social connectedness in young people. The author conducted a study with 91 adolescents aged 14-15 years old from 3 schools in London. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring their perceptions of social connectedness, motivation in English and math, and occupational identity status. The results confirmed that feelings of social connectedness are positively correlated with academic motivation. Social connectedness was also more positively related to the more advanced occupational identity statuses (achieved, moratorium, foreclosed) than the least advanced status (diffused), suggesting connectedness promotes exploration of values and goals. Therefore, future research should examine how to encourage social participation to mediate the effects of deficient connectedness on
Task Force Project—Applying TheoryIn Module 1, you began.docxbriankimberly26463
This summarizes a scholarly article about different approaches to community-based health interventions. It identifies four categories: community as setting, community as target, community as resource, and community as agent. It explains each category and provides examples. It emphasizes the importance of considering a community's social ecology and using theories of change to target multiple levels of influence, not just individual behaviors. Community capacity and civil society are also discussed as important contexts for community health promotion efforts.
TUGAS 1 - Artikel Exploring the potentially positive interction between sosia...NovianiAchmadPutri
The document discusses a study exploring adolescents' perspectives on the potentially positive interactions between social media and mental health. Focus group discussions with 54 adolescents aged 11-18 revealed four key themes: 1) Social media can be used to maintain social connections and build relationships which is important for well-being. 2) Adolescents saw social media as a way to protect mental health by providing stress relief and relaxation. 3) Social media was viewed as a source of information about mental health issues. 4) It was considered a platform for those with mental health conditions to find peer support and share information. Overall, adolescents demonstrated social competence in their use of social media and an emerging sense of agency over their online experiences.
A Unified Theory of Development A Dialectic Integration of Na.docxdaniahendric
A Unified Theory of Development: A Dialectic Integration of Nature
and Nurture
Arnold Sameroff
University of Michigan
The understanding of nature and nurture within developmental science has evolved with alternating ascen-
dance of one or the other as primary explanations for individual differences in life course trajectories of suc-
cess or failure. A dialectical perspective emphasizing the interconnectedness of individual and context is
suggested to interpret the evolution of developmental science in similar terms to those necessary to explain
the development of individual children. A unified theory of development is proposed to integrate personal
change, context, regulation, and representational models of development.
The attention of philosophers and then scientists to
human development has always begun with a con-
cern that children should grow up to be good citi-
zens who would contribute to society through
diligent labor, moral family life, civil obedience,
and, more recently, to be happy while making these
contributions. The motivation for these concerns
was that there were many adults who were not.
Although attention was paid to the socialization
and education of children, it was ultimately in the
service of improving adult performance. The socie-
tal concern has always had a life-span perspective.
Without healthy, productive adults no culture
could continue to be successful. This concern
continues to be a major motivator for society to
support child development research. Although the
intellectual interests of contemporary develop-
mental researchers range widely in cognitive and
social–emotional domains, the political justification
for supporting such studies is that they will lead to
the understanding and ultimate prevention of
behavioral problems that are costly to society.
With these motivations and supports there have
been major advances in our understanding of the
intellectual, emotional, and social behavior of
children, adolescents, and adults. Moreover these
understandings have increasingly involved multi-
level processes cutting across disciplinary bound-
aries in the social and natural sciences. This
progress has forced conceptual reorientations as
earlier unidirectional views that biological or social
circumstance controlled individual behavior are
becoming multidirectional perspectives where indi-
vidual behavior reciprocally changes both biologi-
cal and social circumstance.
The models we use to understand how individ-
uals change over time have increased in complex-
ity from linear to interactive to transactive to
multilevel dynamic systems. Was this progression
in complexity an expression of empirical advances
in our developmental research or is it related to
more general progressions in the history of science
as a whole? Several years ago during a discussion
of a need for a critical social history of develop-
mental psychology by a number of distinguished
scientists (Bronfenbrenner, Kessel, Kessen, &
White, 198 ...
Jails and PrisonsLooking inside total institutionsDefini.docxvrickens
Jails and Prisons
Looking inside total institutions
Definition of total institution
Canadian Erving Goffman coined this term
He wrote, “A total institution may be defined as a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time together lead an enclosed formally administered round of life (Goffman, 1968: 11).
"Total institutions (such as prisons, boarding schools, psychiatric hospitals, concentration camps, etc. ) are distinctive and have much in common" (Goffman, 1968: 15) because, as Goffman points out, they depart from the basic social arrangements in modern western society "that the individual tends to sleep, play and work in different places with different co-participants, under different authorities and without an overall rational plan" (Goffman, 1968: 17).
Glimpses inside the total institution
It is very difficult to appreciate what life is like in jail or prison so I have selected a few videos, and stories for you
Please listen to Ismael Nazario who speaks about his experience in Rikers as a youth https://www.ted.com/talks/ismael_nazario_what_i_learned_as_a_kid_in_jail?language=en#t-671125
Also, please read a piece published by the Marshall project here https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/07/12/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-prisoner
Finally, hear the story of Mr. Melendez who spent 17 years on death row for a crime he did not commit. Now exonerated, he has visited UTA and spoken about this experience. He paints a vivid picture of those 17 years here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k6C7ZVhaHE
Why is working in prisons important for social workers?
Criminal justice system is marked by the confluence of race, class, gender, and inequality in the United States
Mass incarceration has been called one the most pressing social problems of our time (Mauer & Chesney-Lind, 2002)
The CJ system is fragmented
Over 50,000 different agencies responsible
Prisons account for the fastest growing segment of government employment (nearly 750,000 people in 2004)
Most people are imprisoned for non-violent crimes
Remember that Race, Class, Gender Matter
African American men disproportionately imprisoned
Women account for the fastest growing prison population
African American women: 571% increase in 20 years
Latinas: 131% increase in 20 years
Caucasian women: 75% increase in 20 years
More women are incarcerated per capita for drug crimes than men (about 34% of women and 19% of men)
60% of men and 40% of women unemployed at arrest, 1/3 earned less than 5000$ last year.
Privatization of prisons – total institutions and turning a profit for shareholders
Beck, A.J. (2000). Prisoners in 1999. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; Guerino, P., Harrison, P.M., & Sabol, P.M. (2011). Prisoners in 2010. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Prisoners in 1999 available online here: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/p99.pdf
Private prisons in Te ...
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
1. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 1
Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change
By Greg Munno / gjmunno@syr.edu
For Professor Makana Chock
S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communication, Syracuse University
December 15, 2011
2. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 2
Abstract
Early childhood experiences effect people their whole lives. Exposure to substance
abusers, malnutrition, stress, and other negative experiences early in life have been shown to
have a lasting impact, leading to lower levels of educational attainment, higher rates of
incarceration, and elevated risk of chronic disease.
Meanwhile, evidence shows that intervention programs that target parents of young
children have been effective in avoiding some detrimental outcomes. It has also been shown
that theory-based interventions, particularly those that utilize social cognitive theory, have had
a greater impact than interventions that lack a theoretical framework.
This paper reviews the literature on social cognitive theory, with a focus on its potential
application to early childhood education and development programs.
The review leads to hypotheses that predict social cognitive approaches can be
enhanced when executed within acommunity engagement framework.
By involving the community in message creation, I predict that a program can increase
attention to its messages, increase identification with its messages, and, ultimately, can have a
greater effect on parental self-efficacy.
3. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 3
Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change
For Albert Bandura, the human ability to learn is both the cause, and potential cure, of
our individual and collective shortcomings. “Infants,” Bandura writes, “exhibit sensitivity to
causal relations between environmental events even in the first months of life” (2006, p. 169).
In other words, our environment starts to shape us immediately.
Yet humans also shape their environment and each other. We are capable of learning
far more than we experience directly. We can deduce from one experience what similar action
in a different context might bear. We can learn from watching other people, the process of
social learning. For Bandura, both deduction and social learning are made possible by the
uniquely human trait of symbolic modeling. “It is with symbols that people process and
transform transient experiences into cognitive models that serve as guides for judgment and
action,” he writes (2001, p. 267).
People, then, are “self-organizing, proactive, self-reflecting, and self-regulating,” but are
nonetheless subject to both biological and social-structural forces (Bandura, 2001, p. 266). We
are both products and producers of our physical and social realities.
Parents and community provide the raw materialsyoung humans use to create the
symbolic models on which they base their beliefs and future actions. For this reason, applying
social cognitive theory to issues of early childhood development is particularly intriguing. Social
cognitive theory-based approaches may provide the basis for a “two-for-one” intervention,
increasing the efficacy of two generations at once. If an intervention that models better
parenting leads to better parenting, then the power of the model is exponentially increased.
This paper, then, seeks to:
4. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 4
1. Further examine social cognitive theory for the purposes of understanding how it
might apply to efforts to improve parenting and childhood development;
2. Review relevant studies that test programs based on social cognitive theory;
3. Link social cognitive theory to the literature on community engagement, and to
argue that such engagements could potential lead to more effective SCT-based
interventions;
4. Build hypotheses,
5. Discuss a project the author is involved in that might provide the basis for testing
those hypotheses.
A Case for Action
Early Childhood Development
Bandura’s notion of human agency provides for the possibility that people can
overcome difficult upbringings. People, he writes, “intentionally influence (their) functioning
and life circumstances” (Bandura, 2006, p. 164). However, that doesn’t mean that experiences
can’t irreparably harm us, or that early experiences do not impact our abilities to act effectively
later in life.
Stress, poor nutrition, and neglect can have a lasting impact(Grason, et al, 2004, p. 3;
Middlebrooks & Audage, 2008, p. 8).Middlebrooks and Audage, writing for the Centers for
Disease Control, found that abused children grow up to experience higher instances of teen
pregnancy, more involvement with domestic violence, and higher suicide rates (p. 8). Grason
and her colleagues at Johns Hopkinsfound that children who start school behind their cohort
rarely catch up. And yet, they also concluded that interventions promoting positive behavior
5. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 5
avoided more costly interventions later (p. 3). The value of such efforts, they added, has been
recognized, as evidenced by several large initiatives underway, including the federal Healthy
Steps granting program (Grason, et al, p. 4; http://www.healthysteps.org/).
Effect of Theory-based Intervention
Public health programs are not created equal. Glanz and Bishop (2010) explicitly
compared the effectiveness of programs that were based on theory and those that were not.
They found that “public health and health-promotion interventions that are based on social and
behavioral science theories are more effective than those lacking a theoretical base” (Glanz &
Bishop, 2010, p. 399). The mechanism by which theory can aid the development and
implementation of a public health program is not well understood (p. 404). But Glanz and
Bishop speculate that the application of theory can help suggest innovative interventions.
Another possibility is that theory-based strategies signal the presence of the rigor required for
the effective planning, implementation, and measurement of effective public health programs
(p. 404).
The authors identified four theories that have been used most often and most
effectively in developing public health programs (Glanz & Bishop, 2010, pp. 402-404):
1. The Health Belief Model, which postulates that people’s perceptions of the risk
and rewardsof action influence whether they actually act;
2. The Trans-theoretical and Stages of Change models, which provide a heuristic
for moving people through the various stages that lead to real change;
3. Social Cognitive Theory itself; and,
4. The Social Ecological Model, which the authors see as consistent with Social
6. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 6
Cognitive Theory, but with an application focused on system-level factors that
affect behaviors within a population as opposed to individuals.
From Message to Adjustment
Glanz and Bishop identify several components of Social Cognitive Theory as key to public
health interventions, includingobservational learning, reinforcement, and self-efficacy.
Attention, Identification & Reinforcement
In a public health campaign, the delivery mechanism for modeled behavior is often a
media message. For it to have any impact, the audience must first pay some attention to it
(Pajares, Prestin, Chen & Nabi, 2009, p. 287). The first part of the attention equation is simply
one of availability. We might ask: Are the message and its target audience located in the same
place within space and time, thus giving the audience an opportunity to see it? Did the target
audience actually see it? Did the audience have the ability to make any sense of the message,
or was it, perhaps, in a language they don’t even understand?
The next salient quality of attention is identification. As Pajares and his colleagues write:
“For mediated content to positively affect audience members’ behaviors, audience members
must pay attention to attractive or similar models realistically performing relevant behaviors”
(p. 287). Such positive modeling by a model the receiver can identify with is the basis for
observational learning.
Brown and Basil’s 1995 study of Ervin “Magic” Johnson’s announcement that he was HIV
positive offers a great example. Immediately after Johnson’s announcement, calls to the
National AIDS Hotline jumped by a factor of 10 to more than 40,000 in just one day (Brown &
Basil, p. 346). Testing sights were similarly overrun.
7. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 7
But the effect of the announcement, along with Johnson’s message that, (1) anyone can
get AIDS and (2) everyone should get tested, was not universal. Rather, those who had some
knowledge of Magic Johnson were more likely to seek testing after the announcement than
those who did not know of the celebrity sports figure (Brown & Basil, p. 361). This increase,
however, was small. More significantly, those who felt “involved” with Johnson -- peoplewho
felt an emotional, parasocial attachment to him -- were far more likely to take his message to
heart (p. 364). They identified with Johnson.
Since many people had an attachment to Johnson -- and, crucially, since that
attachment was positive -- it had a large effect (Brown & Basil, p. 360-361). It was positively
reinforced. If Johnson was despised, people would have dismissed his revelation that
heterosexual men were at risk of contracting HIV. Likewise, if Johnson had been harshly
reprimanded for his revelation -- let’s imagine that other NBA stars ostracized him -- then his
announcement may have had the opposite effect, discouraging people from getting tested.
So Johnson had all the attributes of a successful positive social model. He was well
known, closely followed, and had the power to grab headlines (attention). By being forthright
and urging testing, he was modeling socially beneficial behavior. Since he was well liked, well
spoken, and open, people identified with him, giving that message salience. The media, his
teammates, and others then praised him for his candor and his actions, positively reinforcing
the behavior.
Self-Efficacy
For Bandura and other social cognitive theorists, belief precedes actions. “Unless people
believe that they can produce a desired effect and forestall undesired ones by their actions,
8. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 8
they have little incentive to act,” Bandura writes (2001, p. 270). Efficacy beliefs, then, are
beliefs that cause people to think optimistically or pessimistically that a change in behavior will
increase their well-being. Pajares and his colleagues go further, saying “self-efficacy beliefs are
better predictors of people’s accomplishments than their previous accomplishments,
knowledge, or skills” (p. 286).
Have never used an iPhone before but believe you will master the technology easily? By
this theory, you have a good chance of success. This is not, however, some sort of magic -- will
it and it will be!
Rather, through your efficacy, you have set a goal and believe you can reach it. That
bodes well for persisting when you encounter obstacles, which is also known as
resiliency(Pajares, Prestin, Chen & Nabi, 2009, p. 286). Meanwhile, high self-efficacy “will not
influence behavior when people lack the resources to undertake an activity … or do not value
the expected outcome” (Pajares, Prestin, Chen & Nabi, 2009, p. 286). Again, it’s not magic.
But if you can show people that certain actions will have a positive effect, and that they
do, in fact, have the resources needed to take those actions, you have a chance at increasing
their self-efficacy and generating the desired behavior.
Evidence of an Effect
Parenting Self-Efficacy
A team of scholars from Arizona State University designed an ambitious study to test
social cognitive theory among Mexican American families living in the Southwest (Dumka,
Gonzales, Wheeler & Millsap, 2010, p. 522). Using a longitudinal design, they looked at:
1. Whether the parents of teens thought they were good parents who exerted “positive
9. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 9
control” over their children. This was measured using items from the Multicultural
Inventory of Parenting Self-Efficacy, which the Arizona State team had developed in
2002. It asks questions such as “How good are you at praising (your child) and giving
him/her encouragement? … How good are you at teaching (your child)? … How good are
you at keeping control over (your child)?” (p. 527).
2. Actual parenting behavior, which was measured with questions of whether the mother
had clearly communicated punishments to the child and followed through on them and
whether the mother knew of the child’s whereabouts (p. 527).
3. Actual adolescent outcomes, a measure composed of reports from the mother, the teen
him or herself, and two teachers (p. 527-528).
The team concluded that the study demonstrated the generalizability of Bandura’s theories
in a cross-cultural setting (Dumka, Gonzales, Wheeler & Millsap, 2010, p. 531). A belief that
mothers could positively control their children led to more control, which led to fewer
problems among the children of high self-efficacy mothers.
Our results … showed that Mexican American mothers’ PSE (parental self-efficacy) had
direct causal links with adolescents’ levels of conduct problems. … Adolescents’ self-efficacy
may develop in response to observing their parents. Mexican American adolescents with
parents who express high self-efficacy may develop confidence in their own abilities, which
in turn, may lead to better outcomes including decreased conduct problems (p. 531).
A study by Spoth, Redmond, Haggerty, and Ward, which used a very different design but
asked similar questions, found a similar effect (1995, p. 449-464). Essentially, using a complex
regression model, they showed that interventions aimed at increasing parents’ self-efficacy (1)
did increase efficacy and (2) led to fewer problems among the adolescent children of those
parents (p. 460). In additional to differences in scope and design, the Spoth, et al, study also
10. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 10
looked at the effect on fathers in addition to mothers. The effect held true, but fathers had
smaller increases in efficacy as a result of exposure to the messaging (p. 460).
Adolescent Eating Behaviors
In a more modest but nonetheless relevant study, scholars looked to see how social-
cognitive factors such as self-efficacy influenced adolescent eating behavior (Ball, et al, 2009).
They start with the knowledge that socioeconomic status is a strong predictor of diet, with
higher SES teens eating healthier foods (p. 496).
They found that a significant mediating factor to SES on diet was self-efficacy,
specifically (1) knowledge about a healthy diet, (2) a belief that the teen was capable of
obtaining, preparing, and enjoying healthy food, and (3) a conviction that a healthy diet could
make a positive contribution to their well-being (p. 502). As a result, they call for “health
promotion efforts (that) focus on cognitive factors such as self-efficacy and the value attached
to health-promoting behaviors” (Ball, et al, 2009, p. 502).
Message Enrichment via Engagement
Leung (2009) defines psychological empowerment essentially as the process of gaining
self-efficacy, along with successful action based on that efficacy (p. 1330). “Empowerment,” he
writes, “is a process through which people gain mastery over their lives, improve strengths and
competencies and develop proactive behaviors to manage their social affairs” (p. 1330).
He then defines civic engagement as involvement in the decisions that affect us, and
says there is “strong theoretical and empirical support for the idea that psychological
empowerment and civic participation are linked” (p. 1330). Meanwhile, self-efficacy itself
provides the mechanism through which people can effectively engage civically, as it reflects on
11. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 11
individual’s perceptions that they have the social and political skills necessary to participate,
including knowledge about how to obtain the resources needed to act(Leung, 2009, p. 1330).
He specifically looked at (1) whether people who generate content online had higher
self-efficacy than those that do not, and (2) whether the creating of content developed
psychological empowerment that manifested itself in civic engagement (p. 1327). There were
several limitations to his study and his findings were mixed (pp. 1341-1345). Nonetheless,
Leung’s research suggests a promising avenue to investigate while building an intervention
program based on social cognitive theory.
Seeing is Believing. Doing is Knowing.
Directly engaging target audiences in the development of a public health messaging
campaign has the potential to increase the effects of social cognitive approaches. Various forms
of outreach -- focus groups, surveys, social media, community forums, etc. -- can allow for the
collection valuable information that can (1) provide opportunities for baseline data collection,
(2) lead to a better understanding of the gaps in knowledge about available local resources, and
(3) utilize this data much like a strategic planner to tailor a campaign for maximum effect. As
Glanz and Bishop note:
The most successful public health programs and initiatives are based on an
understanding of health behaviors and the context in which they occur. Strategic
planning models provide a structured framework for developing and managing public
health interventions and improving them through evaluation (2010, p. 400)
But in addition to serving this planning and evaluation purpose, I believe
engagementcan also increase efficacy in and of itself. People who voluntarily attend community
functions are likely to have greater self-efficacy than those who do not before they even walk in
the door. But there are other ways of recruiting subjects with lower self-efficacy, such as direct
12. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 12
intervention in schools (if the target audience is teen mothers, for instance), and focus groups
that offer incentives for participation. By partaking in these experiences, recruited participants
will see that they do, in fact, have the skills needed to participate in a conversation about
parenting. It will also expose them to other parenting models and opportunities for positive
reinforcement.
The community can also be the source of images, slogans, and ideas for a campaign. For
those who are directly involved, interest and attention are likely to be very high. For the others,
they’ll see members of their own community modeling appropriate parental behavior. This will
make the message more authentic, and therefore believable. It should also increase attention -
hey, that’s my neighbor! - as well as identification. If the mom I pass in Wegmans each week
can calm her child using a timeout strategy, perhaps I can too.
Leveraging Individual & Community
Drawing on the social ecological model, community engagement may also help create
the climate for better parenting throughout a community, leading to population-level effects.
As a team from the University of Exeter writes,
The social environment comprising communities, families, neighborhoods, work teams,
and various other forms of social group is not simply an external feature of the world
that provides context for individual behavior. Instead these groups impact on the
psychology of individuals through their capacity to be internalized as part of a person’s
identity. If groups provide individuals with a sense of meaning, purpose, and belonging,
(i.e. a positive sense of social identity) they tend to have positive psychological
consequences (Haslman, Jetten, Postmes & Haslam, 2009, p. 1).
Waters, Cross, and Runions (2009) found some evidence of this effect. Their study
concluded that an adolescent’s feelings of “connectedness” to her or her school was positively
correlated with the teen’s health and well-being (p. 516). Further, the study team found a
13. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 13
strong correlation between the structural characteristics of a school and the connectedness
effect. Positive structural factors included small school size, levels of teacher collegiality, clear
and fair expectations for discipline, student involvement in decision making, and high
expectations (p. 520). In other words, their approach holds the possibility that school-level
adjustments may do more to change individual-level behavior than individual-level
interventions.
Hypotheses
Given this state of affairs, I propose that:
H1: Media campaigns that incorporate authentic content generated from a specific
community via public outreach will increase attention to the media messages within that
community.
H2: Media campaigns that incorporate authentic content generated from a specific
community via public outreach will increase identification with the messages within that
community.
H3:There is an interaction between engagement and self-efficacy such that:
1. Those that voluntarily attend engagement events such as a community forum
will begin the process with higher self-efficacy than harder-to-reach individuals.
2. Self-efficacy will increase for individuals directly engaged by the engagement
effort, whether they are engaged voluntarily or more deliberately recruited and
enticed to participate.
3. Those who directly participate in the creation of the messaging by supplying
ideas, photos, votes, Facebook “likes,” etc., will experience a greater increase in
14. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 14
self-efficacy than the target community members who do not actively
participate.
Born Learning Cayuga: A Social Cognitive Laboratory
Fortunately, an opportunity to test these hypotheses has emerged. A coalition of
foundations, nonprofits, and community groups has come together to launch a public health
campaign built off of a community engagement model around the issue of early childhood
development and parenting. Moreover, they’ve approached both the author and his mentor,
Syracuse University Professor Makana Chock, to help with the effort.
This coalition has requested surveys, focus groups, a series of op-ed pieces, a website, a
logo contest, and other tools all with the purpose of:
1. Increasing awareness of the importance of early childhood development;
2. Promoting the positive aspects of investing in early childhood development;
3. Spreading knowledge about best practices and available community resources;
4. Creating buzz and excitement within the community around the prospect of increasing
individual and community well-being by propagating positive and successful child-
rearing models.
Interestingly, they have not uttered the phrases “social cognitive theory” or “self-efficacy,”
but clearly the members of this coalition have an innate sense of the power of Bandura’s
insights. There’s a good chance that we’ll be able to work evaluative instruments into the effort
to help guide it, and to test the above hypotheses. I am particularly keen to involve the
community directly in content creation, and to measure the effect on self-efficacy of such an
approach.
15. Community Engagement and Authentic Modeling: A Social Cognitive Theory of Change 15
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