Introductory Approach on Ad-hoc Networks and its Paradigms IJORCS
An ad-hoc wireless network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that self-configure to construct a network without the need for any established infrastructure or backbone. Ad hoc networks use mobile nodes to enable communication outside wireless transmission range. With the advancement in wireless communications, more and more wireless networks appear, e.g., Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), etc. So, in this paper we have discussed Ad Hoc Networks along with its energy issues, applications, QoS and challenges.
Introductory Approach on Ad-hoc Networks and its Paradigms IJORCS
An ad-hoc wireless network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that self-configure to construct a network without the need for any established infrastructure or backbone. Ad hoc networks use mobile nodes to enable communication outside wireless transmission range. With the advancement in wireless communications, more and more wireless networks appear, e.g., Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), etc. So, in this paper we have discussed Ad Hoc Networks along with its energy issues, applications, QoS and challenges.
Jennifer Kaplan, Product Marketing Manager, GovDelivery, discuss 9 rules for digital communications as part of GovDelivery's 2013 Digital Communications Tour.
Jornada CÚbicS: Social TV: People, Devices and Networks - Marie-José MontpetitCREA CCMA
Presentació que anava a realitzar Marie-José Montpetit, investigadora en SocialTV al MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), dins de la jornada "CÚbicS: La transformació dels mitjans audiovisuals" al voltant del concepte "Social TV". Tot i que finalment no va poder assistir, ens autoritza la difusió del contingut.
La jornada es va realitzar el 2 de desembre de 2010 a l'Auditori del CaixaForum de Barcelona.
Jennifer Kaplan, Product Marketing Manager, GovDelivery, discuss 9 rules for digital communications as part of GovDelivery's 2013 Digital Communications Tour.
Jornada CÚbicS: Social TV: People, Devices and Networks - Marie-José MontpetitCREA CCMA
Presentació que anava a realitzar Marie-José Montpetit, investigadora en SocialTV al MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), dins de la jornada "CÚbicS: La transformació dels mitjans audiovisuals" al voltant del concepte "Social TV". Tot i que finalment no va poder assistir, ens autoritza la difusió del contingut.
La jornada es va realitzar el 2 de desembre de 2010 a l'Auditori del CaixaForum de Barcelona.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Objectives Overview
Discuss the purpose of the
List advantages of using a
components required for
Describe the uses of network, and differentiate
successful communications
computer communications among LANs, MANs, and
and identify various sending
WANs
and receiving devices
Differentiate between
client/server and peer-to- Differentiate among a star Describe the various
peer networks, and network, bus network, and network communications
describe how a P2P ring network standards
network works
See Page 459 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 2
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 9
3. Objectives Overview
Describe various types
Explain the purpose of Describe commonly
of lines for
communications used communications
communications over
software devices
the telephone network
Discuss different ways Describe various
to set up a home physical and wireless
network transmission media
See Page 459 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 3
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 9
4. Communications
• Computer communications describes a process in
which two or more computers or devices transfer
data, instructions, and information
Communications
Sending device Receiving device
channel
Page 460 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 4
Chapter 9
5. Communications
Pages 460 – 461 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 5
Figure 9-1 Chapter 9
6. Uses of Computer Communications
Blogs Chat rooms E-mail Fax
Instant
FTP Internet Newsgroups
messaging
Video
RSS VoIP Web
conferencing
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web Web 2.0 Web folders Wikis
Link from left navigation,
then click Wikis
below Chapter 9
Page 462 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 6
Chapter 9
7. Uses of Computer Communications
• Users can send and receive wireless messages
using wireless messaging services
Pages 462 – 463 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 7
Figure 9-3 Chapter 9
8. Uses of Computer Communications
Text messaging allows users to send and receive short text messages on a
phone or other mobile device or computer
Picture messaging allows users to send pictures and sound files
Video messaging allows users to send short video clips
Wireless instant messaging allows wireless users to exchange real-time
messages with one or more other users
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Video Messaging
below Chapter 9
Pages 463 - 464 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 8
Chapter 9
9. Uses of Computer Communications
• Wireless Internet access points allow people to connect
wirelessly to the Internet from home, work, school, and
in many public locations
Pages 464 – 465 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 9
Figure 9-4 Chapter 9
10. Uses of Computer Communications
• A cybercafé is a coffeehouse, restaurant, or other
location that provides personal computers with
Internet access to its customers
Page 466 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 10
Figure 9-5 Chapter 9
11. Uses of Computer Communications
• A global positioning system (GPS) is a navigation system
that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that
accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to
determine the GPS receiver’s geographic location
• GPS receivers are:
Built into Available as a
Available with
many mobile handheld
new vehicles
devices device
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click GPS
below Chapter 9
Page 466 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 11
Chapter 9
12. Uses of Computer Communications
Page 467 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 12
Figure 9-6 Chapter 9
13. Uses of Computer Communications
Groupware Voice mail
• Helps groups of people work • Allows someone to leave a
together on projects and voice message for one or
share information over a more people
network • Computer in voice mail
• Component of workgroup system converts an analog
computing voice message into digital
• Major feature is group form
scheduling • A voice mailbox is a storage
location on a hard disk in the
voice mail system
Page 467 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 13
Chapter 9
14. Uses of Computer Communications
• Collaboration software includes tools that enable
users to share documents via online meetings and
communicate with other connected users
Online Web
meetings conferences
Document
Click to view Web Link,
management
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Microsoft Groove
systems
below Chapter 9
Page 468 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 14
Chapter 9
15. Uses of Computer Communications
Page 468 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 15
Figure 9-7 Chapter 9
16. Networks
• A network is a collection of computers and
devices connected together via communications
devices and transmission media
• Advantages of a network include:
Facilitating Sharing Sharing data
communications hardware and information
Sharing Transferring
software funds
Pages 470 - 471 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 16
Chapter 9
17. Networks
Page 470 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 17
Figure 9-9 Chapter 9
18. Networks
• A local area network
(LAN) is a network that
connects computers
and devices in a limited
geographical area
• A wireless LAN (WLAN)
is a LAN that uses no
physical wires
Page 472 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 18
Figures 9-10 – 9-11 Chapter 9
19. Networks
• A metropolitan area network (MAN) connects
LANs in a metropolitan area
• A wide area network (WAN)
is a network that covers a
large geographical area
Page 473 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 19
Figure 9-12 Chapter 9
20. Networks
• The design of computers, devices, and media on a
network is sometimes called the network architecture
Client/server network Peer-to-peer network
Pages 473 – 474 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 20
Figures 9-13 – 9-14 Chapter 9
21. Networks
• P2P describes an Internet network on which users
access each other’s hard disks and exchange files
directly over the Internet
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click P2P
below Chapter 9
Page 475 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 21
Figure 9-15 Chapter 9
22. Networks
• A network topology refers to the layout of the computers
and devices in a communications network
Star network Bus network Ring network
Pages 475 – 477 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 22
Figures 9-16 – 9-18 Chapter 9
23. Networks
An intranet is an An extranet allows
internal network customers or
that uses Internet suppliers to access
technologies part of its intranet
Page 477 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 23
Chapter 9
24. Network Communications Standards
Token
Ethernet TCP/IP Wi-Fi
ring
Bluetooth UWB IrDA RFID
WiMAX WAP
Page 477 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 24
Chapter 9
25. Network Communications Standards
Ethernet is a network standard that specifies no computer
controls when data can be transmitted
The token ring standard specifies that computers and
devices on the network share or pass a special signal (token)
TCP/IP is a network standard that defines how messages are
routed from one end of a network to another
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Ethernet
below Chapter 9
Page 478 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 25
Chapter 9
27. Network Communications Standards
• Wi-Fi identifies any
network based on the
802.11 standard that
facilitates wireless
communication
• Sometimes referred to
as wireless Ethernet
Page 479 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 27
Figure 9-20 Chapter 9
28. Network Communications Standards
• Bluetooth defines how two Bluetooth devices use short-
range radio waves to transmit data
• UWB (ultra-wideband) specifies how two UWB devices use
short-range radio waves to communicate at high speeds
• IrDA transmits data wirelessly via infrared (IR) light waves
• RFID uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in
or attached to an object, animal, or person
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click RFID
below Chapter 9
Pages 480 - 481 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 28
Chapter 9
30. Communications Software
• Communications software consists of programs
that:
Help users establish Manage the
a connection to transmission of
another computer data, instructions,
or network and information
Provide an
interface for users
to communicate
with one another
Page 482 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 30
Chapter 9
31. Communications Over
the Telephone Network
• The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is
the worldwide telephone system
Pages 482 – 483 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 31
Figure 9-23 Chapter 9
32. Communications Over
the Telephone Network
Dial-up Dedicated
ISDN line
lines line
T-carrier
DSL FTTP
line
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
ATM
Link from left navigation,
then click DSL
below Chapter 9
Pages 483 - 485 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 32
Chapter 9
34. Communications Over
the Telephone Network
• ADSL connections transmit data downstream at a
much faster rate than upstream
Page 484 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 34
Figure 9-25 Chapter 9
35. Communications Devices
• A communications device is any type of hardware
capable of transmitting data, instructions, and
information between a sending device and a
receiving device
• A dial-up modem converts signals between analog
and digital
Page 485 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 35
Chapter 9
36. Communications Devices
• A digital modem sends and receives data and
information to and from a digital line
DSL Cable
modem modem
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Cable Modems
below Chapter 9
Page 486 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 36
Chapter 9
38. Communications Devices
• A wireless modem uses the cell phone network to
connect to the Internet wirelessly from a
notebook computer, a smart phone, or other
mobile device
Page 487 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 38
Figure 9-28 Chapter 9
39. Communications Devices
• A network card enables
a computer or device to
access a network
• Available in a variety of
styles
• Wireless network cards
often have an antenna
Page 487 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 39
Figure 9-29 Chapter 9
40. Communications Devices
• A wireless access point is a central communications
device that allows computers and devices to transfer data
wirelessly among themselves or to a wired network
Page 487 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 40
Figure 9-30 Chapter 9
41. Communications Devices
• A router connects
multiple computers or
other routers together
and transmits data to its
correct destination on a
network
• Many are protected by
a hardware firewall
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Wireless Routers
below Chapter 9
Page 488 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 41
Figure 9-31 Chapter 9
42. Communications Devices
• A hub or switch connects several devices in a
network together
Pages 488 – 489 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 42
Figure 9-32 Chapter 9
43. Home Networks
• Home networks provide computers with the
following capabilities:
Connect to the Share a single high- Access files and
Internet at the speed Internet programs on other Share peripherals
same time connection computers
Connect game
Play multiplayer Subscribe to and
consoles to the
games use VoIP
Internet
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Home Networks
below Chapter 9
Page 489 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 43
Chapter 9
44. Home Networks
• Types of wired home networks:
Ethernet Powerline cable
Phoneline
Page 489 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 44
Chapter 9
45. Home Networks
Page 490 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 45
Figure 9-33 Chapter 9
46. Communications Channel
• The amount of data that
can travel over a
communications channel
sometimes is called the
bandwidth
• Latency is the time it takes a
signal to travel from one
location to another on a
network
• Transmission media carries
one or more signals
• Broadband media transmit
multiple signals
simultaneously
Page 491 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 46
Figure 9-34 Chapter 9
48. Physical Transmission Media
Twisted-pair cable
Fiber-optic cable
Coaxial cable
Page 493 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 48
Figures 9-36 – 9-38 Chapter 9
50. Wireless Transmission Media
• Cellular radio is a form of broadcast radio that is
used widely for mobile communications
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 9, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Mobile TV
below Chapter 9
Page 495 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 50
Figure 9-40 Chapter 9
51. Wireless Transmission Media
• Microwaves are radio waves that provide a high-
speed signal transmission
Page 496 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 51
Figure 9-41 Chapter 9
52. Wireless Transmission Media
• A communications
satellite is a space
station that receives
microwave signals from
an earth-based station,
amplifies it, and
broadcasts the signal
over a wide area
Page 496 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 52
Figure 9-42 Chapter 9
53. Video: Got Your Video Right Here
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 53
Chapter 9
54. Summary
Overview of
How to join
communications
computers into a
terminology and
network
applications
Various
communications
devices, media,
and procedures
Page 497 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 54
Chapter 9