This document defines and describes various types of computer networks and communication technologies. It begins by defining a computer network as a collection of interconnected devices that allows sharing of resources and information. It then discusses mobile computing and specifies the features of mobile devices like smartphones. The document also describes Internet technologies like VoIP and blogs. It explains different network types such as PAN, VPN, WLAN, and WiMAX. It concludes that computer networks have greatly benefited various fields by connecting people worldwide.

1. SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN DATO’ PENGGAWA TIMUR
LA3.S07.1 Describe the Latest Development in Network and
Communication
Name: Muhamad Airil Bin Moksin
I/C No : 961020016759
Class: 4 Delima
Teacher’s Name: Mohd Firdaus Bin Mohd Dani

2. 1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Definition of Network
A computer network , or simply a network , is a collection of computers and other hardware
interconnected by communication channels that allows sharing of resources and information.
Where at least one process in one device is able to send/receive data to/from at least one
process residing in a remote device, then the two devices are said to be in a network. Simply
more than one computer interconnected through a communication medium for information
interchange is called a computer network.Networks mat be classified according to a wide
variety of characteristics,such as the medium used to transport the data.
1.2 Definition of Communication
Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts,
messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. Communication
requires a sender, a message, and a recipient, although the receiver doesn't have to be present
or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus
communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires
that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The
communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the message of the
sender.
1.3 Definition Of Computer Communication Network
Computer Communication Network is to allow moving information from one point to
another inside the network. The information could be stored on a device, such a personal
computer in the network, it could be generated live outside network , such as speed or could
be generated by a processon another piece of information , such as aotumatic sales
transactions at the end of a business day .The computer network has evolved into a highly
complex system.

3. 2.0 MOBILE COMPUTING
2.1 Definition
Mobile computing is human–computer interaction by which a computer is expected to be
transported during normal usage. Mobile computing involves mobile communication, mobile
hardware, and mobile software. Communication issues include ad-hoc and infrastructure
networks as well as communication properties,protocols, data formats and concrete
technologies. Hardware includes mobile devices or device components. Mobile
software deals with the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications
2.2 Specification, services & frequencies of Mobile Computing.
Specifications
The Samsung Galaxy Note II has a feature of 1.6 GHz quad-core
processor, 720p resolution display, 2 GB of RAM, and storage capacity up to 128 GB —
when using a 64 GB microSD card with the projected 64 GB model.
System chip: Samsung Exynos 4412 Quad – It includes a quad-core processor based on the
Cortex-A9 architecthure including NEON SIMD extension, which clocks with 1.4 ti 1.6 GHz
depending on the model.
Processor: Quad core, 1600 MHz ,ARM Cortex-A9 – has NEON SIMD instruction set
extension performing up to 16 operations per instructions.
Graphic Processor : ARM Mali -400 MP4 – conformant multi-core GPU provides 2D and
3D acceleration with performance scalable up to 1080p resolutions.

4. System memory: 2048 MB RAM
Built-in storage: 16GB
Storage expansion: microSD ,microSDHC, micro SDXC up to 64GB.
Services
System chip : Can get WiFi, 3G,4G, surfing the internet,social networking and playing
games online.
Frequencies
WiFi : 802.11 a/b/g/n (2.4 & 5 GHz),WiFi HT40- These standards provide the basis for
wireless network products using the WiFi Brand.
3.0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES
3.1 Voice Over Internet Protocol ( VoIP)
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission
technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet or
other packet-switched networks. Other terms frequently encountered and synonymous with
VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband
telephony, and broadband phone.

5. 3.2 Blog
A blog (a contraction of the term weblog) is a type of website, usually maintained by an
individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such
as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. "Blog"
can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.
4.0 Types Of Network
4.1 Personal Area Networking (PAN)
A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among
computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person.
The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically
a few meters. PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves
(intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet
(an uplink). Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and
FireWire. A wireless personal area network (WPAN) can also be made possible with network
technologies such as IrDA, Bluetooth, UWB, Z-Wave and ZigBee.

6. 4.2 Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across a public network, such
as the Internet. It enables a computer to send and receive data across shared or public
networks as if it were directly connected to the private network, while benefitting from the
functionality, security and management policies of the private network.[1]
This is done by
establishing a virtual point-to-pointconnection through the use of dedicated connections,
encryption, or a combination of the two.
4.2 Wireless LAN (WLAN)
A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless local area network that links two or more computers
or devices using spread-spectrum or OFDM modulation technology based to enable
communication between devices in a limited area. This gives users the mobility to move
around within a broad coverage area and still be connected to the network

7. 4.3 WIMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a communications
technology thatuses radio spectrum to transmit tens of megabits per second in bandwidth
between digital devices such as laptop computers. Similar to WiFi, WiMAX brings with it the
ability to transmit over far greater distances and to handle much more data.
5.0 Conclusion
We can conclude that computer networks have highly benefited various field of educational
sectors, bussines world and many organizations. They can be seen everywhere they connect
people over the world. These are some major advantages which compute networks has
provided making the human life more relaxed and easy.

8. 6.0 References
1. ICT Note Book Form 4
2. Internet :
 http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=mobile+computing&i=47137,00
asp http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070629052817AASZjbY
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_Internet_Protocol
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog
 http://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingconcepts/a/network_types.htm
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Area_Network
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN
 http://www.mariosalexandrou.com/definition/wimax.asp