This chapter discusses computer communications and networks. It describes the components needed for successful communications including sending and receiving devices and a communications channel. Some common uses of computer communications technology are email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and wireless messaging services. The chapter also discusses local and wide area networks, different network types including client/server and peer-to-peer, and networking standards such as Ethernet, TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. It describes communications software, connections over telephone networks like dial-up and DSL lines, and common communications devices.
An internet with lower case “i” is two or more networks that can communicate with each other. The most notable internet is called the Internet with upper case “I” is composed of thousands of interconnected networks The Internet as several backbones, provider networks, and customer networks. At the top level, the backbones (international ISPs) are large networks owned by some communication companies such as Sprint, Verizon (MCI), AT&T, and NTT. The backbone networks are connected through some complex switching systems, called peering points. At the second level, there are smaller networks, called provider networks that uses the services of the backbones and pay them for their services. The provider networks are connected to backbones or other provider networks. At the edge of the Internet the customer networks are networks that actually use the services provided by the Internet. They pay to provider networks for receiving services. Backbones and provider networks are also called Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The backbones are known as international ISPs and the provider networks are known as national or regional lSPs.
To limit the scope of this white paper, we will assume readers are currently or will soon be using a Cisco Unified Wireless Network with Cisco Light Weight APs, and Wireless LAN Controller in what is also referred to as a Split MAC design. This white paper is focused around the basics of troubleshooting Enterprise Wireless Networks (Wi-Fi), some of the most common issues seen in these environments, and common tools used to troubleshoot Wi-Fi.
IT6601 MOBILE COMPUTING UNITI
INTRODUCTION
Mobile Computing – Mobile Computing Vs wireless Networking – Mobile Computing Applications – Characteristics of Mobile computing – Structure of Mobile Computing Application. MAC Protocols – Wireless MAC Issues – Fixed Assignment Schemes – Random Assignment Schemes – Reservation Based Schemes.
In data communication,
Transmission media is a pathway that carries the information from sender to receiver.
We use different types of cables or waves to transmit data.
Data is transmitted normally through electrical or electromagnetic signals.
Synchronous optical networking (SONET) is a standardized digital communication protocol that is used to transmit a large volume of data over relatively long distances using a fiber optic medium. With SONET, multiple digital data streams are transferred at the same time over optical fiber using LEDs and laser beams.
The iBurst system is a mobile broadband Internet access system that provides end users with Broadband Internet access service comparable to DSL and cable.
Did you know that we all perform to the level of our self-esteem? Self-confidence and self-esteem play a huge role in almost everything that we do. Whether it’s our business or we have a job. Our health. Our relationships. Because if our self esteem is not good it can really negatively affect virtually every facet of our lives. Think about it. People with high self esteem, seem to find it easier to make friends. They tend to have better relationships. They feel happier. They deal with mistakes and disappointments and failures easier. And they’re more likely to stick with something until they succeed. They don’t give up. And also I’ve heard that people with a high self esteem do take more risks. Self esteem is a choice you can make, stretch it, and then you can turn it into a habit.
An internet with lower case “i” is two or more networks that can communicate with each other. The most notable internet is called the Internet with upper case “I” is composed of thousands of interconnected networks The Internet as several backbones, provider networks, and customer networks. At the top level, the backbones (international ISPs) are large networks owned by some communication companies such as Sprint, Verizon (MCI), AT&T, and NTT. The backbone networks are connected through some complex switching systems, called peering points. At the second level, there are smaller networks, called provider networks that uses the services of the backbones and pay them for their services. The provider networks are connected to backbones or other provider networks. At the edge of the Internet the customer networks are networks that actually use the services provided by the Internet. They pay to provider networks for receiving services. Backbones and provider networks are also called Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The backbones are known as international ISPs and the provider networks are known as national or regional lSPs.
To limit the scope of this white paper, we will assume readers are currently or will soon be using a Cisco Unified Wireless Network with Cisco Light Weight APs, and Wireless LAN Controller in what is also referred to as a Split MAC design. This white paper is focused around the basics of troubleshooting Enterprise Wireless Networks (Wi-Fi), some of the most common issues seen in these environments, and common tools used to troubleshoot Wi-Fi.
IT6601 MOBILE COMPUTING UNITI
INTRODUCTION
Mobile Computing – Mobile Computing Vs wireless Networking – Mobile Computing Applications – Characteristics of Mobile computing – Structure of Mobile Computing Application. MAC Protocols – Wireless MAC Issues – Fixed Assignment Schemes – Random Assignment Schemes – Reservation Based Schemes.
In data communication,
Transmission media is a pathway that carries the information from sender to receiver.
We use different types of cables or waves to transmit data.
Data is transmitted normally through electrical or electromagnetic signals.
Synchronous optical networking (SONET) is a standardized digital communication protocol that is used to transmit a large volume of data over relatively long distances using a fiber optic medium. With SONET, multiple digital data streams are transferred at the same time over optical fiber using LEDs and laser beams.
The iBurst system is a mobile broadband Internet access system that provides end users with Broadband Internet access service comparable to DSL and cable.
Did you know that we all perform to the level of our self-esteem? Self-confidence and self-esteem play a huge role in almost everything that we do. Whether it’s our business or we have a job. Our health. Our relationships. Because if our self esteem is not good it can really negatively affect virtually every facet of our lives. Think about it. People with high self esteem, seem to find it easier to make friends. They tend to have better relationships. They feel happier. They deal with mistakes and disappointments and failures easier. And they’re more likely to stick with something until they succeed. They don’t give up. And also I’ve heard that people with a high self esteem do take more risks. Self esteem is a choice you can make, stretch it, and then you can turn it into a habit.
BASICS OF NETWORKING,THERE TYPES, ISP, MODEM, INTERNET
TO WATCH VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/J7AuuVOjUvs
TO DOWNLOAD VIDEO:
https://computerassignmentsforu.blogspot.com/p/webnetworkclassx.html
Management information system. Computer network , network in large companies. TCP/IP , functions of the modem, types of network , client server vs peer to peer. the internet and the internet technology ,
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Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
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In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
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Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
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2. Chapter 9 Objectives
Discuss the components required for
Discuss the components required for
successful communications
successful communications
Identify various sending
Identify various sending
and receiving devices
and receiving devices
Describe uses of computer communications
Describe uses of computer communications
List advantages of using aanetwork
List advantages of using network
Differentiate among client/server,
Differentiate among client/server,
peer-to-peer, and P2P networks
peer-to-peer, and P2P networks
Describe the various network
Describe the various network
communications standards
communications standards
Explain the purpose of
Explain the purpose of
communications software
communications software
Describe various types of lines for
Describe various types of lines for
communications over the telephone network
communications over the telephone network
Describe commonly used
Describe commonly used
communications devices
communications devices
Discuss different ways to set up
Discuss different ways to set up
aahome network
home network
Identify various physical and wireless
Identify various physical and wireless
transmission media
transmission media
Next
3. Communications
What are computer communications?
Process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data,
instructions, and information
p. 460 Fig. 9-1
Next
4. Communications
What is needed for successful communications?
Sending
device — initiates
instruction to
transmit data,
instructions, or
information
Communications
device — connects
the sending device to
the communications
channel
Communications
device — connects
the communications
channel to the
receiving device
p. 460 - 461
Communications
channel — media
on which data,
instructions, or
information travel
Receiving
device — accepts
transmission of data,
instructions, or
information
Next
5. Uses of Computer Communications
What are some uses of communications technology?
Internet
Chat Rooms
FTP
p. 462
Web
Instant
Messaging
E-Mail
Newsgroups
Web
Folders
Internet
Telephony
Video
Conferencing
Fax Machine
or Computer
Fax/Modem
Next
6. Uses of Computer Communications
What are wireless messaging services?
Text messaging
Wireless instant
allows users to send
messaging allows
and receive short
wireless mobile
text messages on a
devices to exchange
smart phone or
messages
Picture messaging
PDA
Video
messaging
p. 463 - 464
allows users to send
graphics, pictures,
video clips, sound
files, and short text
messages
Next
7. Uses of Computer Communications
What are wireless Internet
access points and
cybercafés?
Wireless Internet access
point allows wireless
connection to Internet
in public location
3G network
Cybercafé is coffee
house that provides
computers with Internet
access
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Hot Spots below Chapter 9
p. 464 Fig. 9-5
Next
8. Uses of Computer Communications
What is a global positioning system (GPS)?
Step 1.
GPS satellites orbit
Earth. Every
thousandth of a
second, each satellite
sends a signal that
indicates its current
position to the GPS
receiver.
Step 2.
A GPS receiver
(such as in a car,,
a watch, a smart
phone, a
handheld device,
or a collar)
determines its
location on Earth
by analyzing at
least 3 separate
satellite signals
from the 24
satellites in orbit.
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
GPS below Chapter 9
p. 466 Fig. 9-6
Next
9. Uses of Computer Communications
What are collaboration and
groupware?
Collaboration is working
with other users connected
to a server
A document management
system provides for storage
and management of a
company’s documents
Groupware is software
that allows people
to share
information
p. 467 - 468 Fig. 9-7
Next
10. Uses of Computer Communications
What are voice mail and web services?
Voice mail is voice message
converted to digital form
Web services describe
standardized software that
enables programmers to
create applications that
communicate with other
remote computers over the
Internet or on an internal
business network
p. 468 Fig. 9-8
Next
11. Networks
What is a network?
Collection of
computers and
devices connected
via communications
devices and
transmission
media
p. 469 Fig. 9-9
Next
12. Networks
What is a local area
network (LAN)?
Network in limited geographical area such as
home or office building
Wireless LAN (WLAN)
Metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs in
city or town
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Wireless Local Area Networks
below Chapter 9
p. 471 – 472 Fig. 9-10
Next
13. Networks
What is a wide area
network (WAN)?
Network that covers
large geographic
area using many
types of media
Internet is world’s
largest WAN
p. 472 Fig. 9-12
Next
14. Networks
What is a client/server
network?
One or more computers
act as server and other
computers, or clients,
access server
p. 472 Fig. 9-13
Next
15. Networks
What is a peer-to-peer
network?
Simple network
that connects
fewer than 10
computers
Each computer,
or peer, has equal
capabilities
p. 473 Fig. 9-14
Next
16. Networks
What is Internet peer-to-peer
(P2P)?
Enables users to
connect to each other’s
hard disks and
exchange files directly
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
P2P below Chapter 9
p. 473 - 474 Fig. 9-15
Next
17. Networks
What is a bus network?
All computers and devices connect to central
cable,
or bus
Example of network topology (layout of devices in
network)
p. 474 Fig. 9-16
Popular topologies are bus, ring, and star
Next
18. Networks
What is a ring network?
Cable forms closed
ring, or loop, with all
computers and devices
arranged along ring
Data travels from
device to device
around entire ring, in
one direction
p. 474 Fig. 9-17
Next
19. Networks
What is a star network?
All devices connect to
a central device, called
hub
All data transferred
from one computer to
another passes
through hub
p. 475 Fig. 9-18
Next
20. Networks
What is an intranet?
Internal network that uses Internet technologies
Makes information accessible to employees
Typically includes connection to Internet
Extranet allows customers or suppliers to access
part of company’s intranet
p. 475
Next
21. Network Communications
Standards
What are Ethernet and token ring?
Ethernet technology allows computers to contend
for access to network
If two computers send data at same time,
a collision occurs and computers must send again
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Ethernet below Chapter 9
p. 476
Token ring technology controls access to network
by requiring devices to pass a special signal,
called token
Next
22. Network Communications
Standards
What are TCP/IP and 802.11 (Wi-Fi)?
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol) technology transmits data by breaking it up
into small pieces, or packets
Commonly used for Internet transmissions
802.11 (Wi-Fi) is family of standards for wireless LANs
p. 477 - 478 Fig. 9-20
Next
23. Network Communications
Standards
What is Bluetooth?
Short-range radio waves transmit
Short-range radio waves transmit
data between Bluetooth devices
data between Bluetooth devices
p. 478
Next
24. Network Communications
Standards
What are IrDA, RFID, WiMAX, and Wireless
Applications Protocol (WAP)?
IrDA
IrDA
specification allows
specification allows
data to be transferred
data to be transferred
wirelessly via infrared
wirelessly via infrared
light waves
light waves
Radio Frequency
Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID)
Identification (RFID)
uses radio signals to communicate
uses radio signals to communicate
with aatag placed in an object
with tag placed in an object
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9,
Click Web Link from left
navigation, then click
WiMAX below Chapter 9
p. 478 - 480
Worldwide Interoperability
Worldwide Interoperability
for Microwave Access (WiMAX
for Microwave Access (WiMAX
or 802.16)
or 802.16)
standard that specifies how wireless
standard that specifies how wireless
devices communicate over the air
devices communicate over the air
in aawide area
in wide area
Wireless Applications
Wireless Applications
Protocol (WAP)
Protocol (WAP)
allow wireless mobile devices
allow wireless mobile devices
to access Internet
to access Internet
Next
25. Video: Keep Tabs on Your Pets
Discover how to improve the odds of recovering a lost or
stolen pet
low quality
(click to start)
high quality
(click to start)
Next
26. Communications Software
What is communications software?
Programs that help users
establish connection to
Internet, other network,
or another computer
Programs that help users
manage transmission of
data, instructions,
and information
Programs that provide an
interface for users to
communicate with one
another
p. 480
Next
27. Communications Over the Telephone Network
What is the public switched
telephone network (PSTN)?
Worldwide telephone
system that handles
voice-oriented
telephone calls
p. 481 Fig. 9-23
Next
28. Communications Over the Telephone Network
What is a dial-up line?
Temporary connection using telephone line for
communications
p. 481
Costs no more than making regular call
Computers at any two locations can establish a
connection using modems and telephone network
Next
29. Communications Over the Telephone Network
What is a dedicated line?
Always-on connection
between two
communications
devices
Four types are ISDN
line, DSL, T-carrier
line, and ATM
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
DSL below Chapter 9
p. 482 Fig. 9-24
Next
30. Communications Devices
What are examples of communications devices?
Common types are dial-up modems, ISDN and
DSL modems, cable modems, network cards,
wireless access points, routers, and hubs
ISDN and DSL modems send
and receive data from ISDN
and DSL lines
p. 484
Next
31. Communications Devices
What is a dial-up modem?
Converts digital signals to analog signals and vice versa
Notebook computers often use PC Card modem
p. 485 Figs. 9-27
Next
32. Communications Devices
What are ISDN and DSL modems?
Communications devices that send and
Communications devices that send and
receive digital ISDN and DSL signals
receive digital ISDN and DSL signals
Usually external devices in which one
Usually external devices in which one
end connects to a telephone line and the other
end connects to a telephone line and the other
end connects to a port on the system unit
end connects to a port on the system unit
p. 485
Next
33. Communications Devices
What is a cable modem?
Sends and receives
data over cable
television network
Much faster than
dial-up modem or
ISDN
Sometimes called a
broadband modem
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Cable Modems
below Chapter 9
p. 485 - 486 Fig. 9-28
Next
34. Communications Devices
What is a wireless modem?
Allows access to the
Web wirelessly from
a notebook
computer, a PDA, a
smart phone, or
other mobile device
Typically use the
same waves used by
cellular telephones
p. 486 Fig. 9-29
Next
35. Communications Devices
What is a network card?
Adapter card, PC
Card, or flash card
that enables
computer or device
to access network
Sometimes called
network interface
card (NIC)
p. 486 Fig. 9-30
Next
36. Communications Devices
What is a wireless access point?
Central
communications
device that allows
computers and
devices to transfer
data wirelessly among
themselves or
wirelessly to a wired
network
p. 487 Fig. 9-31
Next
37. Communications Devices
What is a router?
Connects computers and
transmits data to correct
destination on network
Routers forward data on
Internet using fastest available
path
Some routers have a built-in
hardware firewall
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Hardware Firewalls below
Chapter 9
p. 488 Fig. 9-32
Next
38. Communications Devices
What is a hub?
Device that provides central
point for cables in network
p. 488 - 489 Fig. 9-33
Next
39. Home Networks
What is a home network?
Multiple computers
connected in home
Several types of home
networks
Ethernet — connect
computers via cable
Powerline cable —
use electrical lines in house
Phoneline — use
telephone lines
HomeRF (radio frequency) — wireless
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Home Networks
below Chapter 9
p. 489 - 490 Fig. 9-34
Next
40. Communications Channel
What is a communications channel?
Transmission media on which data travels in
communications system
Transmission media
are materials capable of
carrying one or more
signals
p. 491
Bandwidth is amount of
data that can travel
over a communications
channel
Next
41. Communications Channel
How is a request sent over the
Internet using a communications
channel?
p. 491 Fig. 9-35
Next
42. Physical Transmission Media
What is physical transmission media?
Wire, cable,
and other tangible
materials used
to send
communications
signals
p. 492 Fig. 9-36
Next
43. Physical Transmission Media
What are twisted-pair cable and coaxial cable?
Twisted-pair cable is used for telephone systems and network cabling
Coaxial cable is often used for cable television wiring
p. 493 Fig. 9-37—9-38
Next
44. Physical Transmission Media
What is fiber-optic cable?
Capable of carrying
significantly more
data at faster speeds
than wire cables
Less susceptible
to interference
(noise) and, therefore,
more secure
Smaller size (thinner
and lighter)
p. 493 Fig. 9-39
Next
45. Wireless Transmission Media
What is wireless transmission media?
Used when inconvenient, impractical, or impossible to
install cables
Includes Bluetooth and IrDA
p. 494 Fig. 9-40
Next
46. Wireless Transmission Media
What are broadcast radio and cellular radio?
Broadcast radio
distributes radio
signals over long
and short distances
Cellular radio
is form of
broadcast radio
used for mobile
communications
Click to view Web
Link, click Chapter 9, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Cellular Communications below
Chapter 9
p. 494 Fig. 9-41
Next
47. Wireless Transmission Media
What is a microwave station?
Earth-based
reflective
dish used for
microwave
communications
Must transmit in
straight line with
no obstructions
p. 495 Fig. 9-42
Next
48. Wireless Transmission Media
What is a communications satellite?
Space station
that receives
microwave signals
from earth-based
station, amplifies
signals, and
broadcasts signals
back to any
number of earthbased stations
p. 496 Fig. 9-43
Next
49. Summary of Communications and Networks
Communications terminology
Communications terminology
and applications
and applications
How to join computers into a network
How to join computers into a network
Chapter 9 Complete
Various communications
Various communications
devices, media, and procedures
devices, media, and procedures