There are three main types of fractures: comminuted, simple, and compound. A comminuted fracture occurs when the bone is shattered into more than two pieces due to crushing force, often affecting elderly people or those with weak bones. Simple fractures break the bone into two pieces without breaking the skin. Compound fractures break both the bone and skin, requiring immediate surgery to reduce infection risks and immobilization of the bone. All fractures cause pain, swelling, and warmth at the injury site and are diagnosed via x-ray. Treatment focuses on immobilizing the bone through casting, pinning, or plating.