The document defines key concepts in probability and statistics including sample space, sample points, permutations, combinations, dependent and independent events, and conditional probability. It provides examples of calculating the number of possible outcomes for experiments like tossing a die, answering true/false questions, and creating license plates. Sample space represents all possible results of an experiment and can include finite or infinite elements. Permutations and combinations are used to calculate arrangements and selections of objects. Conditional probability expresses the likelihood of one event given another event.

2.  The set of all possible outcomes of a statistical experiment is
called the sample space and is represented by the symbol S –
 Each outcome in S is called an element or a member of the
sample space, or called sample point. –
 In most cases, the outcomes will depend on chance and,
therefore, cannot be predicted with certainty. –
 The sample space may have infinite elements –
 Example: Consider the experiment of tossing a die • If we are
interested in number that shows on the top face, Î S1 =
{1,2,3,4,5,6} •
 If we are interested whether the number is even or odd Î S2 =
{even, odd}

3.  For small or finite number of elements, tree
diagram is used to list the elements of the
sample space systematically


8. Basic principle of counting
Permutations
Distinguishable permutations
Combinations

12. When Repeatations is Allowed:
nPr = nr

15.  Question: In how many different ways can a
3-question true – False examinations can
answered.
 Here r=3 and n=2
 Total possibilities= (2)3

16.  How many Licence plates of two Letters
followed by three digits can be made if the
letters and digits can be followed.
 Solution:
?????????????????????????
 676 * 1000 = 676000 ways.

17. Selection consisting of r objects chosen from n different objects
and when order is not important

26. P ( A | B ) = P(A and B) / P(B)
These are Probabilities of Dependent Event