The document provides an overview of adverbs as a part of speech that describes verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or sentences. It details the formation of adverbs, their comparison with adjectives, various classes of adverbs (such as manner, time, degree), and the rules for their placement within sentences. Additionally, it discusses adverbs' nuances in usage, including those that may function as both adverbs and adjectives.

1. ADVERBS: PART OF SPEECH
 Grammar
studies:Part of speech: Adverbs,
Adjectives, Nouns, Verbs, Pronouns, (her,
him, herself) Conjunctions, (or, whereas)
Prepositions and Determiners. (articles,
demonstrative adjectives, quantifiers)
 Grammar also studies: grammatical
structures and word formation. (grammatical
structures: passive voice, verb tenses, etc).
W.Formation: Suffixes and Prefixes.

2. Definition of Adverb:
Part of Speech
that describes verbs, adjectives,
other adverbs or sentences.
--one word (e.g. “carefully”)
-- or a phrase (in the morning).

3. FORMATION OF ADVERBS:
 Here
we refer mainly to One-word adverbs.
 Adjectives + -ly.
 Adjectives ending in –l: we add –ly.
(e.g.: carefully).
Adjectives ending in –le: we drop the –e and
add -y: e.g.: gently.
Adjectives ending in ic: they take –ally:
dramatically. With exceptions:Publicly.

4. ADVERBS VS. ADJECTIVES
 Some
words seem to be adverbs but they
are adjectives: cowardly, elderly, friendly,
lively, lonely, likely.
 Some adverbs are used without –ly in
everyday speech: Slow. Quick. Loud. Cheap.
 Some adverbs are different whereas with or
without –ly: Deep/Deeply. Hard/ Hardly.
Pretty/ Prettily. High/highly. Near/nearly

5. ADVERBS VS. ADJECTIVES
 Some
words are both adverbs and
adjectives:
 Right-
Wrong.
 Hourly- Dayly- Monthly- Weekly.
 Fast- Deep Early- Late.

6. CLASSES OF ADVERBS:
 MANNER
 TIME
AND FREQUENCY.
 DEGREE
 PLACE AND DIRECTION
 FOCUS ADVERBS
 COMMENT AND VIEWPOINT ADVERBS

7. ADVERBS OF MANNER:
They express how the action is
performed.
Ex:
 Angrily, Emphatically.
 By bus, by train.
 Some are expressions or more-than-one-word
adverbials: Ex:
 In a quiet, threatening voice, …
 In amazement


8. ADVERBS OF TIME AND FREQUENCY
 Adverbs
of Time: Tomorrow –
Yesterday Adverbs of Frequency: They state how
often something happens. (once a
day, regularly).
 They can be:
 Adverbs of Time – definite time-:
 Tomorrow- Yesterday.
 Adverbs of Time: indefinite time: some
day. One day.

9. ADVERBS OF DEGREE
 They
describe how the action is done:
whether it is done totally or partially.
E.g.:
 Almost; fully; completely.
 Hardly;
 Rather; quite; nearly. Scarcely
 Expressions: “quite hardly”. “Almost
completely”.

10. ADVERBS OF PLACE AND DIRECTION
They are mainly prepositional phrases and
adverbials.
E.g.:
 Under the table.
 Next to the bookshelf.
 Towards the station.
 Or: “there”. “here”.

11. FOCUS ADVERBS
They draw attention to the most important part
of what we are talking about.
 E.g.: especially, mainly, particularly,
specifically.
 There
north.
will be snow today, particularly in the

12. COMMENT ADVERBS
 Comment
adverbs are used to make a
comment on what we or others are saying.
 Ex:--how likely we think s.t. is: Apparently,
Certainly, Undoubtedly, Obviously,
Presumably, Clearly.
 --Indicate our attitude to what was said:
 Sadly, Frankly, Seriously, Luckily.
 --Indicate a judgement of s.o.´s action:
bravely, stupidly, wisely, correctly, wrongly,
generously.

13. VIEWPOINT ADVERBS


V.P. make clear what viewpoint we are speaking from
They identify what features of something are being talked
about. E.g.Financially, it was a disaster for his family.
And many expressions:
 Politically speaking.
 From a political point of view.
 As far as politics are concerned
 In terms of politics
 In political terms.

14. POSITION OF ADVERBS:
 There
are three main positions for adverbs
which modify a verb:
 END
 FRONT and
 MID Position.

15. END POSITION:
The adverb is placed after the verb, either
immediately after the verb, or later in the
clause:
 They
played quietly all day.
 He sat in the corner, quietly.

16. FRONT AND MID POSITION:
 FRONT
POSITION: The adverb is placed
before the subject. Ex: Sometimes I feel like
going home.
 MID POSITION:Between the subject and
verb.
 Ex: He is always playing football there.
 **Or immediately after verb “to be” or the
auxiliary verb. Ex: He usually plays better
than me.

17. END POSITION:
 The
adverb goes after the VERB + THE
OBJECT.
 Ex: We considered the problem briefly.
 If
the object is a long expression, the
adverb goes before the object:
 Ex: We considered briefly the long-term
solution to the problem.

18.  If
there is a verb followed by an ing-form, we
avoid putting the adverb in the middle, so it
goes after the ing form.
 Ex:
He began running quickly.
 End
position is usual for many adverbials of
place, definite frequency and definite time:
 Ex:


They live upstairs.
She goes there weekly.
She will go there in May.

19. FRONT POSITION:
 Most
types of adverb commonly go in front
position in a clause. In particular:
 --Connecting adverbs: to make clear the
logical relation to the previous sentence.
 “As a result”.
 Similarly The same happened with…
 Afterwards, …

20. … CONNECTING ADVERBS/ FRONT
POSITION:
 --Time
and place adverbs: Add more
information about a previous reference to a
time or place or show a contrast:
Tomorrow,… Nearby.
 --Comment
and Viewpoint Adverbs.
 “Sincerely, we can say that …”

21. MID POSITION:
 --Degree
adverbs:
 We almost missed the train.
 I greatly admire your work.
 --Adverbs
which indicate the order of events:
 I first met her in 1997.
 But in order to list actions we put them in
front position.

22. MID POSITION ADVERBS:
 Adverbs
of frequency when it is only 1 word:
 I often get there late.
 I regularly take a bus to get there.
 --But
adverbial closes of indefinite frequency
(As a rule, On many occasions, from time to
time) are used in front or end position

23. MANY ADVERBS ALTOGETHER
 Usually
if there are adverbs of manner, place
and time, the order is: Manner- place-time.
Ex: We usually go the park once a week.
 In case of verbs of movement or direction,
the order is: Place- Manner- time.
 We will arrive at the station by bus,
tomorrow.

24. THANK YOU,
TEACHER…