Collocations are combinations of two or more words that sound natural to native English speakers when used together, such as "have a break" or "barely see". There are several types of collocations including adverb + adjective, adjective + noun, noun + noun, noun + verb, verb + preposition, and verb + noun or adverb. The passage provides examples of different types of collocations and asks readers to identify a common collocation from options provided.