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Cocci Bacteria Types and Characteristics
- 1. BACTERIA: Cocci By: Agusan, Almeida, Amador, Arboleda, Artates
- 2. Report Overview: Cocci 1. Staphylococci a. Staphylococcus aureus b. Staphylococcus epidermidis c. Staphylococcus saprophyticus 2. Streptococci a. Alpha hemolytic b. Beta hemolytic c. Gamma hemolytic
- 3. Cocci A coccus (plural: cocci, meaning berries) is a spherical-shaped gram positive bacteria. It is usually round but also comes as oval, elongated, or flattened on one side.
- 4. Cocci Cocci divide to reproduce, and they can remain attached to one another after the binary fission.
- 5. ❑ Diplococci are those that remain in pairs after dividing.
- 6. ❑ Streptococci are attached in a chainlike pattern.
- 7. ❑ Cocci that are divided into two planes and remain in groups of four are known as tetrads.
- 8. ❑ Those that divide in three planes and remain attached in cubelike groups of eight are called sarcinae.
- 9. ❑ Staphylococci are those that are divided in multiple planes and form grapelike clusters or broad sheets.
- 10. 1. Staphylococci Staphylococcus (sometimes called staph) is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that can cause various infectious disease in the different tissues of the body. Staph-related illness can range from mild and requiring no treatment to severe and potentially fatal. The name Staphylococcus comes from the Greek word “staphyle,” which means a bunch of grapes, and “kokkos,” meaning berry.
- 12. a. Staphylococcus aureus It is called “aureus” because of its color, the word was derived from the Latin word “aurum,” which means gold It is a catalase positive and coagulase positive cocci It is considered as the most important human pathogen Its normal flora is commonly found in the anterior nares Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of its strains that is found to be very difficult to treat because of its resistance to the antibiotic methicillin
- 13. MSA
- 14. Rapid enzyme tests ´Rapid enzyme tests detect the presence of the following enzymes: ´(1) Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide. ´This test is used to differentiate the genus Staphylococcus (catalase-positive) from Streptococcus (catalase-negative). ´ In general, many anaerobes (and some microaerophiles) do not make catalase (2) Oxidase (cytochrome-C oxidase) is produced by most Gram-negative bacteria but not by members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Oxidase-positive rules the latter out. (3) Nitrate reductase reduces nitrate to nitrite. It is used to detect the presence of Enterobacteriaceae in urine a)Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria produce nitrate reductase; this test requires that the bacteria remain in contact with the urine for a sufficient time. b)Staphylococcus saprophyticus does not produce nitrate reductase.
- 17. Clinical Manifestation 1. Inflammatory ✔Skin and soft tissues infection Stye Folliculi tis
- 19. ✔Heart ✔Lungs Acute Bacterial Endocarditis Staphylococcal Pneumonia ✔ Bones/Joints Osteomyelitis Septic Arthritis
- 20. 2. Toxin-mediated Toxic Shock Syndrome Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome or Ritter’s Disease
- 21. b. Staphylococcus epidermidis It is the most common contaminant of lab samples and medical devices. Its normal flora is usually found on the skin and has a white pigment It is catalase positive and coagulase negative It is also sensitive (susceptible) to novobiocin. It is a significant cause of bacterial sepsis
- 23. Clinical Manifestation Infections secondary to implants & prosthetic devices, catheters and shunts.
- 24. c. Staphylococcus saprophyticus It is a catalase positive and coagulase negative novobiocin resistant It has a bright yellow pigment or white pigment S. saprophyticus is part of the normal human flora that colonizes the perineum, rectum, urethra, cervix, and gastrointestinal tract.
- 28. 2. Streptococci Streptococci bacteria got its name from the Greek streptos (“chain”) + kokkos (“berry”) Streptococci are gram-positive spherical bacteria. Unlike staphylococci, streptococcal cells usually grow in chains. Streptococci are catalase negative. It is categorized as alpha-hemolytic, beta-hemolytic, and gamma-hemolytic streptococci
- 30. a. Alpha Hemolytic 1. Streptococcus pneumonia ▪They are optochin sensitive ▪It is “lancet” shaped ▪Quellung reaction positive: capsular swelling ▪May appear as small, grey, moist (sometimes mucoidal)
- 33. Clinical Manifestation M-O-P-S • Meningitis • Otitis media • Pneumonia (Adult) • Sinusitis
- 36. II. Viridans Streptococci ▪Viridans streptococci are part of a normal oral flora ▪It is catalase negative ▪Resistant to optochin •The term viridans derives from the Latin word viridis, meaning “green”
- 37. •Streptococcus mutans Clinical Manifestation: Dental carries
- 38. •Streptococcus sanguanis Clinical Manifestation: Subacute bacterial endocardidtis in diseased valves
- 39. Group A – Streptococcus pyogenes ▪It is catalase negative ▪Sensitive to bacitracin ▪Pyogenes – “pus producing” b. Beta Hemolytic
- 40. 1. Pharynx: Pyogenic-pharyngitis (Sore throat) Clinical Manifestation
- 42. 3. Toxigenic infection: Scarlet fever
- 43. Necrotizing fasciitis Toxic Shock Syndrome
- 44. 3. Immunologic: Rheumatic fever: Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN)
- 46. Group B – Streptococcus agalactiae ▪Catalase negstive ▪Bacitricin resistant ▪Agalactiae –”no milk”
- 47. Neonatal sepsis and meningitis Clinical Manifestation:
- 48. Enterococci Group: Enterococcus faecalis & Enterococcus faecium ▪Common cause of nosocomial infections ▪Can grow in bile ▪ Can grow in 6.5% NaCl ▪Often grouped in pairs (diplococci) ▪Normal flora: GI Tract ▪Found in feces c. Gamma Hemolytic
- 49. ▪Bacteremia ▪Endocarditis ▪Meningitis ▪Periodontitis ▪Urinary tract infections ▪Wound infections Clinical Manifestation:
- 50. Non Enterococci group Streptococcus bovis ▪Can grow in bile ▪Cannot grow in 6.5% NaCl ▪Normal flora is found in the digestive system