The document discusses technologies for replacing HCFC refrigerants with lower global warming potential and more energy efficient alternatives in the refrigeration and air conditioning sector. It focuses on carbon dioxide (CO2) as a replacement refrigerant, describing its use in industrial applications. The technologies discussed include CO2 cascade systems, transcritical CO2 systems, compressors, safety valves, and the current and future market trends for CO2 refrigerants in Brazil.
This presentation gives an overview of the meaning of Circular Procurement and explores concepts and ideas related to the topic, including references to circular procurement examples.
Presented by Christine Storry - PIPEN Project Manager
Summary - Circular economy course by Technical University of DelftVikas Pandey
Summary of the below 7 episodes from the course
(https://online-learning.tudelft.nl/courses/circular-economy-design-and-technology/)
Episode 1: What is the circular economy?
How can the circular economy provide solutions to the challenges our current, linear economy brings? We explore the roots of the circular economy together with experts in the fields of industrial ecology, cradle to cradle and biomimicry.
Episode 2: Business value in a circular economy
Through closed-loop supply chains and reversed logistics, new opportunities for business are created. This episode explores value creation and new business models in a circular economy.
Episode 3: Longer lasting products
The smaller the loop, the greater the profitability of the system. We look at product life extension through the eyes of designers and entrepreneurs.
Episode 4: Remanufacturing
Remanufacturing enables companies to recapture value on a product or component level. It is currently being rediscovered as a promising business opportunity. We'll explore the topic together with researchers and entrepreneurs.
Episode 5: Waste equals Food
This episode discusses how we can take inspiration from nature when redesigning the way we deal with waste. We'll present a fascinating circular case study. Can you identify opportunities for change in your own area's?
Episode 6: Thinking in systems
The shift from linear to circular should not be underestimated. This episode will discuss the extent and duration of the transition. It will also ask, is the circular economy really sustainable?
Episode 7: Giving back. Takeaways and narratives.
Circular Economy policy aims for increasing the value of products and raw materials by decreasing the waste production. To change the conventional use of products and its effect on the environment, the circular economy policy should be adopted by governments and even private sectors.
This presentation gives an overview of the meaning of Circular Procurement and explores concepts and ideas related to the topic, including references to circular procurement examples.
Presented by Christine Storry - PIPEN Project Manager
Summary - Circular economy course by Technical University of DelftVikas Pandey
Summary of the below 7 episodes from the course
(https://online-learning.tudelft.nl/courses/circular-economy-design-and-technology/)
Episode 1: What is the circular economy?
How can the circular economy provide solutions to the challenges our current, linear economy brings? We explore the roots of the circular economy together with experts in the fields of industrial ecology, cradle to cradle and biomimicry.
Episode 2: Business value in a circular economy
Through closed-loop supply chains and reversed logistics, new opportunities for business are created. This episode explores value creation and new business models in a circular economy.
Episode 3: Longer lasting products
The smaller the loop, the greater the profitability of the system. We look at product life extension through the eyes of designers and entrepreneurs.
Episode 4: Remanufacturing
Remanufacturing enables companies to recapture value on a product or component level. It is currently being rediscovered as a promising business opportunity. We'll explore the topic together with researchers and entrepreneurs.
Episode 5: Waste equals Food
This episode discusses how we can take inspiration from nature when redesigning the way we deal with waste. We'll present a fascinating circular case study. Can you identify opportunities for change in your own area's?
Episode 6: Thinking in systems
The shift from linear to circular should not be underestimated. This episode will discuss the extent and duration of the transition. It will also ask, is the circular economy really sustainable?
Episode 7: Giving back. Takeaways and narratives.
Circular Economy policy aims for increasing the value of products and raw materials by decreasing the waste production. To change the conventional use of products and its effect on the environment, the circular economy policy should be adopted by governments and even private sectors.
GreenBiz 17 Tutorial Slides: "Putting Circular Economy Principles to Work"GreenBiz Group
The Circular Economy presents an incredible opportunity for transformative growth and change, but taking the concept from theory to implementation requires what can be a challenging exercise in rethinking systems. Join this session to explore how to put these principles into practice. Actual business case studies will set the stage for a group brainstorming session on how to apply circular models to various business scenarios. Key concepts to be covered include:
How adopting a Circular Economy mindset can deliver value to your business
The key drivers for a Circular Economy business
How to integrate lifecycle thinking and circular economy
How to select the right metrics and quantify circularity
What Europe’s Circular Package means for your company
GreenBiz 17 In-Depth Tutorials are intensive half-day sessions held prior to the start of the conference. These are designed to offer participants an opportunity to dive deeper into a topic of interest and develop tangible knowledge and skills. In addition, attendees will have a greater opportunity to network with their peers in these interactive sessions. Concurrent tutorials will be held the morning of Tuesday, February 14, and are available only to those who purchase an All Access Pass.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
In India any person who desires to undertake any new project or the expansion or modernization of any existing industry or project should submit a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report along with application to the secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. Basic types of EIA being practiced are given below.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA)
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA)
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
Sectoral Environment Impact Assessment
Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification in India
EIA is of comparatively recent origin in India and has become an integral part of Environmental Management by EIA notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India. The notification specifies 30 categories of projects with potential risks to degrade the Environment.
Purposes of EIA
EIA is a process with several important purposes, which can be categorized as follows:
To facilitate decision-making For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it provides a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives, before a decision is taken
To aid in the formation of development EIA can be of great benefit to them, since it can provide a framework for considering location and design issues and environmental issues in parallel. It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental actions, indicating areas where the project can be modified to minimize or eliminate altogether the adverse impacts on the environment.
To be an instrument for sustainable development The key characteristics of sustainable development include maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
Principle of EIA
The Benefits of Environmental Assessment
Categorization of projects and activities
Environmental Clearance (EC)
Cleaner production is a preventive, company-specific environmental protection initiative. The term cleaner production was formally adopted. It was defined as the continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy to processes, products, and services to increase overall efficiency, and reduce risks to humans and the environment.It is intended to minimize waste and emissions and maximize product output. By analyzing the flow of materials and energy in a company, one tries to identify options to minimize waste and emissions out of industrial processes through source reduction strategies.
Green manufacturing is the renewal of production processes and the establishment of environmentally-friendly operations within the manufacturing field. Essentially, it is the “greening” of manufacturing, in which workers use fewer natural resources, reduce pollution and waste, recycle and reuse materials, and moderate emissions in their processes.
Green manufacturers research, develop, or utilize technologies and practices to lessen their impact on the environment
3 Things You Should Know About the Changing Refrigeration ClimateAllison Banko
This webinar provides the latest information regarding the regulatory changes and the potential impacts to food manufacturers and distributors. It also focuses on emerging technologies which meet the new guidelines and are innovative for cooling and freezing applications.
GreenBiz 17 Tutorial Slides: "Putting Circular Economy Principles to Work"GreenBiz Group
The Circular Economy presents an incredible opportunity for transformative growth and change, but taking the concept from theory to implementation requires what can be a challenging exercise in rethinking systems. Join this session to explore how to put these principles into practice. Actual business case studies will set the stage for a group brainstorming session on how to apply circular models to various business scenarios. Key concepts to be covered include:
How adopting a Circular Economy mindset can deliver value to your business
The key drivers for a Circular Economy business
How to integrate lifecycle thinking and circular economy
How to select the right metrics and quantify circularity
What Europe’s Circular Package means for your company
GreenBiz 17 In-Depth Tutorials are intensive half-day sessions held prior to the start of the conference. These are designed to offer participants an opportunity to dive deeper into a topic of interest and develop tangible knowledge and skills. In addition, attendees will have a greater opportunity to network with their peers in these interactive sessions. Concurrent tutorials will be held the morning of Tuesday, February 14, and are available only to those who purchase an All Access Pass.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
In India any person who desires to undertake any new project or the expansion or modernization of any existing industry or project should submit a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report along with application to the secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. Basic types of EIA being practiced are given below.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA)
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA)
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
Sectoral Environment Impact Assessment
Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification in India
EIA is of comparatively recent origin in India and has become an integral part of Environmental Management by EIA notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India. The notification specifies 30 categories of projects with potential risks to degrade the Environment.
Purposes of EIA
EIA is a process with several important purposes, which can be categorized as follows:
To facilitate decision-making For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it provides a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives, before a decision is taken
To aid in the formation of development EIA can be of great benefit to them, since it can provide a framework for considering location and design issues and environmental issues in parallel. It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental actions, indicating areas where the project can be modified to minimize or eliminate altogether the adverse impacts on the environment.
To be an instrument for sustainable development The key characteristics of sustainable development include maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
Principle of EIA
The Benefits of Environmental Assessment
Categorization of projects and activities
Environmental Clearance (EC)
Cleaner production is a preventive, company-specific environmental protection initiative. The term cleaner production was formally adopted. It was defined as the continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy to processes, products, and services to increase overall efficiency, and reduce risks to humans and the environment.It is intended to minimize waste and emissions and maximize product output. By analyzing the flow of materials and energy in a company, one tries to identify options to minimize waste and emissions out of industrial processes through source reduction strategies.
Green manufacturing is the renewal of production processes and the establishment of environmentally-friendly operations within the manufacturing field. Essentially, it is the “greening” of manufacturing, in which workers use fewer natural resources, reduce pollution and waste, recycle and reuse materials, and moderate emissions in their processes.
Green manufacturers research, develop, or utilize technologies and practices to lessen their impact on the environment
3 Things You Should Know About the Changing Refrigeration ClimateAllison Banko
This webinar provides the latest information regarding the regulatory changes and the potential impacts to food manufacturers and distributors. It also focuses on emerging technologies which meet the new guidelines and are innovative for cooling and freezing applications.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3
CO2 industrial applications
1. Tecnologías de Reemplazo para HCFC de
Bajo Potencial de Calentamiento Global y
Eficientes Energéticamente en el Sector de
Refrigeración y Aire Acondicionado
Soluciones para
Aplicaciones Industriales con
CO2 como Remplazo
Leonilton Tomaz Cleto - Yawatz Engenharia
Bogotá – Colombia – 22/04/2010
2. The peak of utilizing
CO2 as refrigerant
Reinvention of CO2-
refrigeration technology
(G. Lorentzen)
1850 1920 ----------1930 1960 1993
8. R-744 x R-717 – Compressor Displacement
R-744 R-22
HPC104S
Compressors: Vs x 7-10
HPC106S
3 x SAB202SF
By John Ritmann – York Refrigeration - 2004
9. R-744 x R-717 – Compressor Displacement
R-22
R-744
By John Ritmann – York Refrigeration - 2004
10. R-744/R-717 – Cascade System
No se puede mostrar la imagen. Puede que su equipo no tenga suficiente memoria para abrir la imagen o que ésta esté dañada. Reinicie el equipo y , a continuación, abra el archiv o de nuev o. Si sigue apareciendo la x roja, puede que tenga que borrar la imagen e insertarla de nuev o.
By John Ritmann – York Refrigeration - 2004
18. COP – R-744/R-717 Cascata x R-717 “Booster”
By L. Tomaz Cleto – Yawatz Engenharia - 2007
19. Data for comparison of
pipe cross section areas
Common calculation data:
Capacity 250 kW
Temperature Drop in Dry Suction 0.8 K
Line: ∆T
Temperature Drop in Wet return 0.8 K
Line: ∆T
Circulating Rate (Liquid Pump) 3
Velocity in Liquid Line 0.8 m/s
Equivalent Pipe Length 50 m
Evaporating Temperature -40 oC
Condensing Temperature -15 oC
By Finn Broesby Olsen & Niels P Vestergaard – Danfoss AS - 2004
20. Comparison of pipe cross
section area
Dry suction / Liquid lines
By Finn Broesby Olsen & Niels P Vestergaard – Danfoss AS - 2004
21. Comparison of pipe cross
section area
Wet return / Pumped Liquid lines
By Finn Broesby Olsen & Niels P Vestergaard – Danfoss AS - 2004
22. Comparison of pipe cross
section area
Dry suction / Liquid lines
Index
5%
95%
Liquid
Suction
4%
96%
CO2= 30%
70%
R-134a R-717 R-744
By Finn Broesby Olsen & Niels P Vestergaard – Danfoss AS - 2004
23. Comparison of
pressure and subcooling
produced in liquid risers
Refrigerante R-134a R-717 R-744
Pressure produced in
liquid riser ”∆p” bar 0.418 0.213 0.329
Subcooling produced in
liquid riser ”∆ t ” K 14.91 5.21 0.88
CO2 reciever
H=3m ∆p ∆t
By Finn Broesby Olsen & Niels P Vestergaard – Danfoss AS - 2004
24. Safety Valves
CO2 expansion - phase changes +31 oC
31.0ºC
Supercritical
Vapor - 50 bar
Liquid Vapor - 35 bar
Liquid - 20 bar
Pressure (bar abs)
Sólido -Liquido
Liquido - Vapor
50% solid CO2 at 0% solid CO2 at the
Sólido the triple point triple point
-56.6 oC
5.2 bar
3% solid CO2 at the
Solid - Vapor triple point
Vapor
-78.4 oC
Enthalpy
By Finn Broesby Olsen & Niels P Vestergaard – Danfoss AS - 2004
26. CO2 Expansion – Trapped Liquid
Relative liquid volume
Volume Change
Temperature
By Finn Broesby Olsen & Niels P Vestergaard – Danfoss AS - 2004
27. R-744/R-717 – Cascade System
No se puede mostrar la imagen. Puede que su equipo no tenga suficiente memoria para abrir la imagen o que ésta esté dañada. Reinicie el equipo y , a continuación, abra el archiv o de nuev o. Si sigue apareciendo la x roja, puede que tenga que borrar la imagen e insertarla de nuev o.
By John Ritmann – York Refrigeration - 2004
28. Water Solubility
Water Solubility – Vapour Phase
Water Content (ppm)/
CO2 +
kg of Refrigerant
CO2 + Water
Ice
CO2 +
Water Vapour
Temperature
By Finn Broesby Olsen & Niels P Vestergaard – Danfoss AS - 2004
29. R-744 (CO2) as REFRIGERANT
Primary Refrigerant – (Sub-Critical Cycle):
Low Temperatures – Cascade System (-30ºC to -55ºC)
Higher COP for temperature lower than -35ºC
Lower Compressor Displacement
Small refrigerant lines
Low Toxicity ( ASHRAE Standard 34 - Class - A1 – TLV = 5000 ppm > HFCs)
No flammable
High Pressure(40 - 60 bar)
New Technologies (Some conceptions from “Freon” Systems)
Higher Water Solubility
30. R-744 (CO2) as REFRIGERANT
Secondary Refrigerant:
IntermediateTemperatures (-20.0ºC to 0.0ºC)
Two-phase Flow
High Heat Transfer Coefficient
Very Small Refrigerant Lines
31. Industrial Refrigeration Market
Industrial Refrigeration – EU
JCI-York – DK (Sabroe/ Frick)
GEA-Grasso
Danfoss
Alfa-Laval
Star Refrigeration
FMC - Frigoscandia
Mayekawa (Japan)
IIR-IIF
USA to support CO2 solutions
32. Market Trend
Industrial Refrigeration in Brasil
Food Industry
R-717, Ammonia and NH3
PHE Chillers – Reduced Refrigerant Charge
Secondary Fluids (-15.0ºC a 0.0ºC)
R-744 - ??? – Great Future!
Legislation/ Safety NBR 16069:2010
33. Market Trend
Industrial Refrigeration in Brasil
Process Industry/ Industrial Air Conditioning
R-22 – Almost “Naturally” Phased Out
R-717 Plants
HCs – (R-1270) – Classified Area
R717 – PHE Chillers – Reduced Refrigerant Charge
HFCs – Chilled Water Systems
34. Natural Refrigerants in Brasil (2010)
More than 80% of the food industry using R-717 plants.
Hundreds of R717 PHE Chillers:
Mainly for Process and Food Industry.
Very few in air conditioning for office buildings.
4 Supermarkets using PHE chillers and secondary fluids (LT/ MT/ AC).
Few plants using HCs (Chemical Industry).
1 R-744/R-717 cascade system for food industry.
1 R-744/R-404A cascade system for supermarket.
2-3 new projects using R-744 cascade system for distribution
centers.