This document provides an overview of cloud computing standards organizations and use cases. It begins with definitions of cloud computing and describes early use cases like migrating applications between clouds without changes. It then outlines several standards bodies and their focuses, such as the Distributed Management Task Force working on virtual machine portability and the Storage Networking Industry Association developing a cloud data management interface. Finally, it presents additional use cases such as moving large data applications between cloud storage and compute services and sharing information across clouds with security requirements.

1. Some Cloud Computing Use Cases, An Overview of Some Cloud Computing Standards Organizations, and a Bonus Slide.Robert Grossmanblog.rgrossman.comOpen Cloud ConsortiumSeptember 3, 2009Revised October 9, 2009

2. OutlineSome definitions & some high level use casesSome current standards effortsMore use cases (community use case document)De Facto Standards

3. If you think of standardization as the best that you know today, but which is to be improved tomorrow; you get somewhere. Henry Ford.Ford assembly plant for Model T at Highland Plant Park around 1915.

4. Sometimes there are reasons for a lack of interoperability…4Train gauge in Russia is 1520 mmTrain gauge in China is 1435 mmChange of gauge at Ussuriisk (near Vladivostok) at the Chinese –Russian border

5. Cloud 3IntercloudCloud 2Cloud 1Cloud 2CloudCloud 1Extended enterprise cloudStandalone cloudenterprise

6. Part 1Some Definitions and Two Use Cases

7. First Two Use CasesMoving an existing cloud application from Cloud 1 to Cloud 2 without changing the application.Providing surge capacity for an application on Cloud 1 using any of the Clouds 2, 3, … (without changing the application).Migrate / portSurge / burstCloud 2Cloud 1

8. PortabilityCloud 2Cloud 1PortabilityThe ease with which a system, component, application or data can be transferred from one hardware or software environment to another.

9. MigrationCloud 2Cloud 1MigrationMoving a virtual machine (VM) between physical hosts within a network or virtual network with only a very short pause in execution (c. 50 – 500 ms).More generally, moving a VM between clouds with only a very short pause in execution.More generally, moving a virtual application, virtual network, etc. to a different physical infrastructure with only a very short pause in execution.

10. InteroperabilityCloud 2Cloud 1InteroperabilityThe ability of two or more systems, applications, or components to exchange and use information.The ability of systems to provide and receive services from other systems and to use the services so interchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. Source: Adopted from the Open Group Architecture Framework (www.opengroup.org )

11. Open SystemsA system that implements sufficient open specifications for interfaces, services, and supporting formats to enable properly engineered Application Software:To be ported with minimal changes across a wide range of systemsTo interoperate with other applications on local and remote systemsTo interact with users in a style that facilitates user portabilitySource: The Open Group Architecture Framework (www.opengroup.org )

12. NIST DefinitionCloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Source: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html

13. Delivery & Deployment ModelsThree delivery models:Software as a ServicePlatform as a ServiceInfrastructure as a ServiceDeployment modelsPublic CloudsPrivate CloudsCommunity CloudsHybrid CloudsSource: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html

14. What Are the Layers?Platform as a Service

15. Cloud Compute Services

16. Data/Table Cloud Services

17. Cloud Storage ServicesInfrastructure as a ServiceVirtual Data Centers (VDC)Virtual Networks (VN)Virtual Machines (VM)

18. Part 2.There Lots of Cloud Standards

19. Where are the Standards Targeted?Corporate Standards VMware’s vCloud API Programming Guide vCloud API Version 0.8 (IaaS)

20. Amazon Web Services (AWS) (IaaS)

21. Google App Engine (PaaS)

22. Microsoft Azure Platform (PaaS)

23. Citrix (IaaS)

24. Platform as a Service

25. Cloud Compute Services

26. Data/Table Cloud Services

27. Cloud Storage ServicesLarge Data Cloud Interoperability FrameworkIF-MAP based dynamic infrastructure service linking IaaS and DaaSSNIA Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)Infrastructure as a ServiceVirtual Data Centers (VDC)Virtual Networks (VN)Virtual Machines (VM)Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI)Open Virtualization Format (OVF)

28. Source: http://cloud-standards.org

29. Cloud Standards Group (5 of 9) Wiki at cloud-standards.orgDistributed Management Task Force (DMTF)Portability for virtual machine imagesStorage Networking Industry Association (SNIA)Cloud data management interfaceOpen Grid Forum (OGF)Provisioning and monitoring of IaaSOpen Cloud Consortium (OCC)Large data clouds, information sharing between cloudsCloud Security Alliance (CSA)Best practices for providing security within a cloudSource: http://cloud-standards.org

30. Good (Partial) Summary of EffortsPresentations available from NIST, DMTF, SNIA, OGF, OCC, and others athttp://www.omg.org/news/meetings/GOV-WS/css/css.htm

31. Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)Over 20 vendors including: Citrix, Dell, HP, IBM, Microsoft & VMwareVirtualization Management (VMAN) ForumTheir multi-vendor Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is the leading standard for portable virtual machines.They have an incubator for cloudwww.dmtf.org

32. DMTF Life Cycle Management for VMsSource: DMTF Standards; A Building Block for Cloud Interoperability, Winston Bumpus President, DMTF.

33. Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA)40+ active membersWorking on Cloud Data Management InterfaceTargeted at ANSI and ISO certificationStarting up a Cloud Storage Initiative There is a draft of SNIA Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) with reference implementation due at end of CY09Public web page http://snia.org/cloud

34. SNIA Cloud Storage ContainersCloud storage container is one of their key abstractionsData Storage Interface (DSI_ protocols include: WebDAV, NFS, CIFS, iSCSI, OSD Management interfaces include proprietary, Web UI, SMI-S Source: SNIA Cloud Storage presentation at Cloud Computing Summit OMG Standards in Government and NGO Workshop

35. Open Grid Forum (OGF)Open Grid Forum is leading organization creating grid standards with many members. Many of their standards are oriented towards universities and scientific applications.Focus is on Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) API.Goal is creation of simple RESTfull API with approximately 15 commands.Four providers and two projects to implement proposed standard.http://www.occi-wg.org

36. OCCI Feature MatrixVery nice feature matrix of 17 features and 11 vendors

37. OGF Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI)Goal is to create RESTfull interfaces for managing IaaS.Source: Craig A. Lee, The Open Cloud Computing Interface for Interoperability Across Clouds, July 13, 2009

38. Open Cloud Consortium (OCC)501(3)(c) Not-for-profit with over 12 members, including companies, universities, FFRDCs & open source projects.One focus area is on large data cloud services.Another focus is on bridging IaaS and PaaS standards.Operates wide area cloud testbed called the Open Cloud Testbed.Developed a benchmark for large data clouds called MalStone.www.opencloudconsortium.org

39. OCC Large Data Cloud Interoperabilitylarge data cloud servicesAppAppAppAppAppCloud Data Services (BigTable, etc.) Quasi-relational Data ServicesAppAppOCC is releasing open source reference implementations for interoperability of large data cloud storage and compute services.Cloud Compute Services (MapReduce & Generalizations)AppAppCloud Storage Services

40. Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)20 Corporate members.CSA is an industry advocacy group, not a standards organization.Deliverables are white papers describing best practices and recommendations for secure clouds.www.cloudsecurityalliance.org

41. CSA White PaperSource: www.cloudsecurityalliance.org

42. Part 3. Some Additional Use Cases