The document explores cloud computing's evolution, definitions, and distinctions from grid computing, emphasizing the different models such as IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. It outlines the characteristics and advantages of cloud computing, including scalability, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility, while also addressing security and reliability concerns. The document concludes with considerations for potential governance issues and the impact of cloud computing on e-commerce businesses in the near future.

1. Cloud computing

3. Cloud computing and other computing techniques

4. Evolution

5. Cloud Computing - Some termsTerm cloud is used as a metaphor for internet

6. Concept generally incorporates combinations of the following

7. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

8. Platform as a service (PaaS)

9. Software as a service(SaaS)

10. Not to be confused with

11. Grid Computing

12. Utility Computing

13. Autonomic computing Grid ComputingShare Computers and data

14. Evolved to harness inexpensive computers in Data center to solve variety of problems

15. Harness power of loosely coupled computers to solve a technical or mathematical problem

16. Used in commercial applications for drug discovery, economic forecasting, sesimic analysis and back-office

17. Most financial firms has grids like this

18. Grids lack automation, agility, simplicity and SLA guaranteesGrid Computing ~ Cont…Small to big

19. Can be confined to a corporation

20. Large public collaboration across many companies and networks

21. Most grid solutions are built on

22. Computer Agents

23. Resource Manager

24. Scheduler

25. Compute grids

26. Batch up jobs

27. Submit the job to the scheduler, specifying requirements and SLA(specs) required for running the job

28. Scheduler matches specs with available resources and schedules the job to be run

29. Farms could be as large as 10K CPUsUtility ComputingMore related to cloud computing

30. Applications, storage, computing power and network

31. Requires cloud like infrastructure

32. Pay by the drink model

33. Similar to electric service at home

34. Pay for extra resources when needed

35. To handle expected surge in demand

36. Unanticipated surges in demand

37. Better economicsWhat is cloud and cloud computing?Cloud Demand resources or services over Internet scale and reliability of a data center.Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a serve over the Internet. Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure in the "cloud" that supports them.

38. Clouds Versus Grids Clouds and Grids are distinctCloud

39. Full private cluster is provisioned

40. Individual user can only get a tiny fraction of the total resource pool

41. No support for cloud federation except through the client interface

42. Opaque with respect to resources

43. Grid

44. Built so that individual users can get most, if not all of the resources in a single request

45. Middleware approach takes federation as a first principle

46. Resources are exposed, often as bare metal

47. These differences mandate different architectures for eachCommercial clouds

48. Cloud Computing - layersArchitectureLayers

49. The architecture of cloud computing system

50. What is a Cloud?IndividualsNon-CommercialCorporationsCloud Middle WareStorage ProvisioningService(apps)ProvisioningNetworkProvisioningSLA(monitor), Security, Billing, PaymentOSProvisioningResourcesServicesOSNetworkStorage

51. Why we use cloud computing?

52. Why we use cloud computing? Simple exampleCase 1:Write a file SaveComputer down, file is lost  Case 2: Files are always stored in cloud, never lost  

53. Why cloud computingData centers are notoriously underutilized, often idle 85% of the time

54. Over provisioning

55. Insufficient capacity planning and sizing

56. Improper understanding of scalability requirements etcWhy to Use Cloud Computing?Cloud computing offers three potential benefits:CostFlexibility/Speed of implementation Scalability (sometimes called Elasticity)

57. Cloud computing - CharacteristicsAgility – On demand computing infrastructure

58. Linearly scalable – challenge

59. Reliability and fault tolerance

60. Self healing – Hot backups, etc

61. SLA driven – Policies on how quickly requests are processed

62. Multi-tenancy – Several customers share infrastructure, without compromising privacy and security of each of the customer’s dataCloud computing - CharacteristicsService-oriented – compose applications out of loosely coupled services. One service failure will not disrupt other services. Expose these services as API’s

63. Virtualized – decoupled from underlying hardware. Multiple applications can run in one computer

64. Data, Data, Data

65. Distributing, partitioning, security, and synchronizationHow do they work?Public clouds are opaque

66. What applications will work well in a cloud?

67. Many of the advantages offered by Public Clouds appear useful for “on premise” IT

68. Self-service provisioning

69. Legacy support

70. Flexible resource allocation

71. What extensions or modifications are required to support a wider variety of services and applications?

72. Data assimilation

73. Multiplayer gaming

74. Mobile devicesPublic, Private and Hybrid clouds

75. Public cloudsOpen for use by general public

76. Exist beyond firewall, fully hosted and managed by the vendor

77. Individuals, corporations and others

78. Amazon's Web Services and Google appEngine are examples

79. Offers startups and SMB’s quick setup, scalability, flexibility and automated management. Pay as you go model helps startups to start small and go big

80. Security and compliance?

81. Reliability concerns hinder the adoption of cloud

82. Amazon S3 services were down for 6 hoursPublic Clouds (Now)Large scale infrastructure available on a rental basis

83. Operating System virtualization (e.g. Xen, kvm) provides CPU isolation

84. “Roll-your-own” network provisioning provides network isolation

85. Locally specific storage abstractions

86. Fully customer self-service

87. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are advertized

88. Requests are accepted and resources granted via web services

89. Customers access resources remotely via the Internet

90. Accountability is e-commerce based

91. Web-based transaction

92. “Pay-as-you-go” and flat-rate subscription

93. Customer service, refunds, etc.Private CloudsWithin the boundaries(firewall) of the organization

94. All advantages of public cloud with one major difference

95. Reduce operation costs

96. Has to be managed by the enterprise

97. Fine grained control over resources

98. More secure as they are internal to org

99. Schedule and reshuffle resources based on business demands

100. Ideal for apps related to tight security and regulatory concerns

101. Development requires hardware investments and in-house expertise

102. Cost could be prohibitive and cost might exceed public clouds Cloud Anatomy

103. Types of cloud serviceSaaSSoftware as a ServicePaaSPlatform as a ServiceIaaSInfrastructure as a Service

104. SaaSSoftware delivery modelNo hardware or software to manageService delivered through a browserCustomers use the service on demandInstant Scalability

105. SaaSExamplesYour current CRM package is not managing the load or you simply don’t want to host it in-house. Use a SaaS provider such as Salesforce.comYour email is hosted on an exchange server in your office and it is very slow. Outsource this using Hosted Exchange.

106. Software as a Service - SaaSGmail & Yahoo Mail

107. Google Docs

108. Mozy Online Backups

109. CRMRemember Application Service Providers? The next big thing of 2000 that didn't happen.

110. PaaSPlatform delivery modelPlatforms are built upon Infrastructure, which is expensiveEstimating demand is not a science!Platform management is not fun!

111. PaaSExamplesYou need to host a large file (5Mb) on your website and make it available for 35,000 users for only two months duration. Use Cloud Front from Amazon.You want to start storage services on your network for a large number of files and you do not have the storage capacity…use Amazon S3.

112. Platform as a Service© Copyright 2009 Reliable Software, Inc.Google App EngineAmazon EC2Microsoft AzureForce.comRackspace Intensive…

113. IaaSComputer infrastructure delivery modelA platform virtualization environmentComputing resources, such as storing and processing capacity.Virtualization taken a step further

114. IaaSExamplesYou want to run a batch job but you don’t have the infrastructure necessary to run it in a timely manner. Use Amazon EC2.You want to host a website, but only for a few days. Use Flexiscale.

115. Infrastructure as a Service© Copyright 2009 Reliable Software, Inc.Hosted ExchangeSalesforce.comFacebookGmailMozy

116. Cloud computing and EcommerceAt least 90 percent of ecommerce businesses will be using some form of cloud computing in the next five years.

117. Cloud computing open issuesGovernance

118. Security, Privacy and control

119. SLA guarantees

120. Ownership and control

121. Compliance and auditing

122. Sarbanes and Oxley Act

123. Reliability

124. Good servive provider with 99.999% availability

125. Cloud independence – Vendor lockin?

126. Cloud provider goes out of business

127. Data Security

128. Cloud lockin and Loss of control

129. Plan for moving data along with Cloud provider

130. Cost?

131. Simplicity?

132. Tools

133. Controls on sensitive data?

134. Out of business

135. Big and small

136. Scalability and cost outweigh reliability for small businesses

137. Big businesses may have a problem