Clothes fiber.pptx

Introduction
Clothing fibers are the building blocks of
textiles and play a vital role in determining
the feel, durability, and appearance of
fabrics. From cotton and wool to synthetic
fibers, there are many different types of
fibers used in the textile industry. In this
presentation, we will explore the different
types of fibers used in clothing and their
properties.

Types of Fibers
1. Natural fibers:
Natural fibers are derived from plants or animals. These fibers are
usually soft, breathable, and comfortable to wear.

 Cotton: This is one of the most popular fibers used in clothing due to
its softness, breathability, and versatility. It is used in everything from
t-shirts and jeans to dresses and bedding.
 Wool: This fiber is made from the hair of sheep or other animals and
is known for its warmth and insulation properties. It is often used in
sweaters, coats, and blankets.
 Silk: This luxurious fiber is made from the cocoons of silkworms and is
known for its softness and shine. It is often used in high-end clothing
and bedding.
 Linen: This strong, durable fiber is made from the stalks of the flax
plant and is often used in summer clothing due to its breathability.

Types of Fibers
2. Synthetic fibers:
Synthetic fibers are made from chemical compounds and are not derived from
natural sources. These fibers are often chosen for their durability, strength, and
resistance to wrinkles and shrinkage.

 Polyester: This fiber is known for its strength and durability, and is
often used in sportswear due to its ability to wick away moisture.
 Nylon: This strong, lightweight fiber is often used in hosiery,
swimwear, and other types of clothing that require stretch and
support.
 Acrylic: This synthetic fiber is known for its softness and warmth and
is often used in knitwear.

Types of Fibers
3. Regenerated fibers:
Regenerated fibers are made from natural materials that have been
chemically processed to create a new fiber. These fibers are often
chosen for their sustainability and eco-friendliness. Some of the most
commonly used regenerated fibers in clothing include:
 Rayon: This versatile fiber can imitate the feel of silk, cotton, or wool
and is often used in dresses, blouses, and other types of clothing.
 Lyocell: This soft, breathable fiber is made from wood pulp and is
often used in eco-friendly clothing.

Properties of Fibers
The properties of clothes fiber can vary depending on
1. The type of fiber.
2. The way it is processed and treated.
3. The specific end-use application of the garment.
There are some general properties that are common across most
fibers:
• Strength: Clothes fiber needs to be strong enough to withstand wear
and tear, as well as any mechanical stress that it may be subjected to
during the manufacturing process.
• Durability: Clothes fiber needs to be durable enough to withstand
repeated washing and drying, as well as exposure to sunlight and
other environmental factors.

• Comfort: Clothes fiber needs to be comfortable to wear, with a soft
and smooth texture that feels good against the skin.
• Breathability: Clothes fiber needs to be breathable, allowing air to
circulate freely around the body and preventing the buildup of sweat
and moisture.
• Moisture absorption: Clothes fiber should be able to absorb moisture
from the body, helping to keep the skin dry and comfortable.
• Thermal insulation: Clothes fiber should be able to provide some
degree of thermal insulation, helping to keep the body warm in cold
weather.
• Resistance to wrinkles and shrinkage: Clothes fiber should be able to
resist wrinkles and shrinkage, maintaining its shape and appearance
over time.

For example:
• synthetic fibers like polyester are often chosen for their strength and
durability
• natural fibers like cotton are chosen for their comfort and
breathability.
• Regenerated fibers like rayon and lyocell are often chosen for their
eco-friendliness and versatility.

Cellulose Fibers
Cellulose fiber is commonly used in the textile and clothing industry. It is
derived from plant sources such as wood pulp, bamboo, cotton, and
hemp. The fibers are processed and spun into yarns or threads, which
can then be woven, knitted, or sewn into various clothing items.
Common types of cellulose fibers used in clothing include cotton, rayon,
and lyocell. Cotton is a natural fiber derived from the cotton plant and is
widely used in clothing due to its softness and breathability. Rayon is a
semi-synthetic fiber that is derived from wood pulp and has a similar
texture to cotton. Lyocell is also a semi-synthetic fiber that is made from
wood pulp, but it is produced in a closed-loop process that is
environmentally friendly.

Advantages of cellulose fiber
• Softness and Comfort: Clothing made from cellulose fiber is soft and
comfortable to wear.
• Breathability: Cellulose fibers have excellent moisture absorption
properties, which allow for proper air circulation and ventilation.
• Durability: Clothing made from cellulose fiber is durable and can
withstand repeated washings and wear, making it a cost-effective and
long-lasting choice.
• Biodegradability: Cellulose fibers are made from natural plant
sources, and therefore, are biodegradable, which means that they will
decompose naturally without leaving harmful residues in the
environment.

Environmental Sustainability: Cellulose fibers are sourced from
renewable resources such as wood pulp, and their production process
requires less energy and water compared to synthetic fibers such as
polyester or nylon, making them an environmentally sustainable
choice.
Blended: Cellulose fibers can be blended with other fibers, such as
polyester or spandex (Lycra), to create fabrics that have unique
properties, such as stretch, wrinkle resistance, and moisture-wicking
capabilities.

Disadvantages of using cellulose fiber
• Wrinkling: Clothing made from cellulose fibers tends to wrinkle easily,
which can make it difficult to maintain a neat appearance. Some
cellulose fibers, such as rayon, are particularly prone to wrinkling.
• Shrinkage: Cellulose fibers can shrink when exposed to high
temperatures during washing or drying, which can lead to changes in
the size and fit of the clothing.
• Pilling: Clothing made from cellulose fibers can sometimes develop
small balls of fibers on the surface, known as pilling. This can make
the clothing look worn and old before its time.

• Environmental Impact: While cellulose fibers are biodegradable, the
production process can be harmful to the environment due to the use
of chemicals and energy-intensive processes. Additionally, the
sourcing of wood pulp for cellulose fibers can contribute to
deforestation if not done sustainably.
• Moisture Absorption: While the moisture absorption properties of
cellulose fibers can be an advantage in some cases, it can also lead to
the fabric feeling damp or heavy when exposed to moisture, which
may be uncomfortable for some wearers.

How can improve cellulose fiber properties?
Cellulose fibers can be blended with other fibers to create fabrics with
unique properties and characteristics. Here are some examples
• Cotton and Polyester Blend: This is a popular blend in the clothing
industry that combines the softness and breathability of cotton with
the durability and wrinkle resistance of polyester. The resulting fabric
is comfortable to wear and easy to care for.
• Linen and Silk Blend: This blend combines the strength and durability
of linen with the softness and sheen of silk. The resulting fabric is
breathable, lightweight, and has a luxurious feel.

• Hemp and Organic Cotton Blend: This blend combines the
sustainability and durability of hemp with the softness and comfort of
organic cotton. The resulting fabric is strong, breathable, and
environmentally friendly.
• Bamboo and Spandex (Lycra) Blend: Bamboo is known for its softness
and moisture-wicking properties, and when blended with spandex, it
can create a fabric that is comfortable, stretchy, elastic, and form-
fitting.

Polyester fiber
Polyester is a synthetic fiber used in clothing and textiles. It's made
from a plastic called polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and has many
desirable properties, such as strength, durability, and resistance to
wrinkles and shrinkage. It's also lightweight, moisture-wicking, and
easy to dye. However, polyester isn't as breathable as natural fibers and
is not biodegradable, which can contribute to environmental pollution
if not disposed of properly.

Advantages of polyester fiber
 Strength and Durability: Polyester fibers are known for their strength
and durability, making them ideal for use in clothing and textiles that
need to withstand wear and tear.
 Resistance to Wrinkles and Shrinkage: Polyester fibers are resistant to
wrinkles and shrinkage, which means that clothing made from
polyester is easy to care for and maintain.
 Moisture-Wicking Properties: Polyester fibers have moisture-wicking
properties, which means that they can draw moisture away from the
skin, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable.

 Lightweight: Polyester fibers are lightweight, making them ideal for
use in clothing that needs to be easy to move around in, such as
activewear and sportswear.
 Dyeability: Polyester fibers are easy to dye, which means that they
can be made in a wide range of colors and patterns.
 Resistance to Stretching: Polyester fibers are resistant to stretching,
which means that clothing made from polyester is less likely to
become misshapen over time.
 Cost-Effective: Polyester is a relatively inexpensive fiber, which makes
it a cost-effective choice for clothing and textile manufacturers.

Disadvantages of polyester fiber
Not as Breathable as Natural Fibers: Polyester is not as
breathable as natural fibers like cotton or wool, which means
that it may not be as comfortable to wear in hot weather.
Can Cause Static Cling: Polyester fibers can create static
electricity, which can cause clothing to cling to the body.
Not Biodegradable: Polyester is not biodegradable, which
means that it can contribute to environmental pollution if
not disposed of properly.

Prone to Pilling: Polyester fibers can be prone to pilling,
which is the formation of small, fuzzy balls on the surface of
the fabric.
Can Melt or Burn Easily: Polyester fibers can melt or burn
easily, which can be a safety hazard in certain situations.
May Retain Odors: Polyester fibers can retain odors more
easily than natural fibers, which can be a concern for
clothing that is worn frequently or for extended periods of
time.
Not as Soft as Natural Fibers: Polyester fibers can be less soft
and comfortable against the skin than natural fibers like
cotton or wool.

Blend of Polyester
Polyester yarns are available not only in 100% but also in different bland as
per the requirement of the final product to be made. The blends are as
follows:
• Polyester – Cotton
• Polyester – Acrylic
• Polyester – Wool – Viscose
• Polyester – Modal
• Polyester – Wool – Acrylic
• Black Polyester – Viscose
• AA Polyester – Cotton
• Polyester – Lycra
• Polyester – Wool – Cotton

Polyacrylonitrile fiber
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a synthetic fiber that is commonly used in
clothing and textiles. PAN fibers are made from a polymer called
acrylonitrile, which is derived from petroleum. PAN fibers have several
desirable properties, including strength, durability, and resistance to
chemicals and heat. They are also lightweight and have good moisture-
wicking properties. PAN fibers can be blended with other fibers to
improve their properties, such as adding stretch or increasing softness.
PAN fibers are used in a variety of applications, including activewear,
sportswear, and technical textiles.

Advantages of polyacrylonitrile fiber
• Strength and Durability: PAN fibers are known for their strength and
durability, making them ideal for use in clothing and textiles that need
to withstand wear and tear.
• Resistance to Chemicals and Heat: PAN fibers are resistant to many
chemicals and heat, which makes them ideal for use in technical
textiles and other applications where resistance to harsh
environments is required.
• Lightweight: PAN fibers are lightweight, making them ideal for use in
clothing that needs to be easy to move around in, such as sportswear.

• Moisture-Wicking Properties: PAN fibers have moisture-wicking
properties, which means that they can draw moisture away from the
skin, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable.
• Good Dimensional Stability: PAN fibers have good dimensional
stability, which means that they are less likely to shrink or stretch out
of shape over time.
• Blending Properties: PAN fibers can be blended with other fibers to
improve their properties, such as adding stretch or increasing
softness.
• Resistance to UV Radiation: PAN fibers are resistant to UV radiation,
which means that they are less likely to fade or become damaged by
exposure to the sun.

Disadvantages of polyacrylonitrile fiber
• Not as Soft or Comfortable: PAN fibers are not as soft or comfortable
against the skin as natural fibers like cotton or wool, which can be a
drawback for clothing that is worn next to the skin.
• Not Biodegradable: Like other synthetic fibers, PAN fiber is not
biodegradable and can contribute to environmental pollution if not
disposed of properly.
• Higher Production Cost: The production of PAN fiber requires complex
chemical processes, which can make it more expensive to produce
than some natural fibers.

• Limited Color Range: PAN fibers have a limited range of dyeability,
which means that they may not be suitable for all color applications.
• Less Breathable: PAN fibers are less breathable than natural fibers like
cotton or wool, which means that they may not be as comfortable to
wear in hot weather.
• More Static Electricity: Like other synthetic fibers, PAN fibers can
create static electricity, which can cause clothing to cling to the body.

Polyacrylonitrile fiber blending
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers can be blended with other fibers to
enhance their properties and create new materials with unique
characteristics. Some common blends that include PAN fibers include:
• Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers can be blended with other fibers to
enhance their properties and create new materials with unique
characteristics. Some common blends that include PAN fibers include:
• PAN/Cotton Blend: A blend of PAN and cotton fibers can create a
fabric that combines the strength and durability of PAN with the
softness and breathability of the cotton.

• PAN/Wool Blend: A blend of PAN and wool fibers can create a fabric
that is warm, lightweight, and durable.
• PAN/Polyester Blend: A blend of PAN and polyester fibers can create a
fabric that is strong, lightweight, and resistant to wrinkles and
shrinkage.
• PAN/Spandex Blend: A blend of PAN and spandex fibers can create a
fabric that has good stretch and recovery properties, making it ideal
for use in activewear and sportswear.
• PAN/Rayon Blend: A blend of PAN and rayon fibers can create a fabric
that is lightweight, breathable, and has good moisture-wicking
properties.

Clothes fiber.pptx

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