Clinical anatomy of cardiovascular system with Dr. Ameera Al-Humidi .pptx

clinicalanatomyoftheCVS
CLINICAL ANATOMY OF CVS

CaseNo.1
An asymptomatic 5-year-old
developed chest pain on exertion
and has a systolic murmur in the
aortic area.
What is the most probable
anatomical base of this case?
What is the probable diagnosis?

Diagnosis
Aortic
valve
stenosis
Case No. ……………………..

Anatomical
defect
Aortic valve
cannot open
properly
Case No. ……………………..

Explanation

CaseNo.2
 During a scheduled prenatal visit, a 34-
year-old in the 24th week of her first
pregnancy complains of shortness of
breath and fatigue.
 Echocardiography reveals calcification in
both leaflets of the mitral valve, doming
of the anterior leaflet, and thickened.
The left atrium is enlarged.
 What is the most probable anatomical
base of this case?
 What is the probable diagnosis?

Diagnosis
MITRAL
VALVE
STENOSI
S
Case No. ……………………..

Anatomical
defect
It is a progressive
condition in which the
valve cusps become rigid
and prevent the valve
from opening properly
during ventricular
diastole.
Case No. ……………………..

CaseNo.3
 A 22-year-old male is admitted to the emergency
department complaining of chest pain.
 The patient relates that the initial pain began 2 days ago
and has progressively worsened
 A week ago, he “came down with the flu,” which consisted
of fever, sore throat, and sores in his mouth
 Results of physical examination of the thorax:
■ Auscultation reveals a friction rub at the left
sternal margin
■ Inflammation of the oropharynx
Echocardiography shows a normal size
heart and pericardial cavity
 What is the most probable anatomical base of this case?

Diagnosis
Pericarditis
Case No. ……………………..

Anatomical
defect
Inflammation of the
serous
pericardium. It may
occur with or
without pericardial
effusion
Case No. ……………………..

CaseNo.4
 A 14-year-old girl with no past illness presented to a local
health clinic with recurrent syncopal attacks over a period
of two months. These attacks were described as transient
loss of consciousness on exertion.
 Otherwise, she had no chest pain, orthopnoea, leg swelling
or fever.
 Echocardiography was performed and showed that the
patient had septal defect measuring 1 cm, with right-to-
left shun

Diagnosis
ATRIAL
SEPTAL
DEFECT
Case No. ……………………..

Anatomical
defect
A common congenital
heart disease
characterized by a
defective interatrial
septum, which allows
communication between
the left and right sides of
the heart.
Case No. ……………………..

CaseNo.5
 A 16-year-old girl presents for a physical examination. Her
body mass index is 20 kg/m2, and her vital signs are
normal. Physical examination demonstrates a harsh,
holosystolic murmur at the left parasternal border in the
3rd intercostal space. An echocardiogram reveals a 2 mm
septal defect with left to right shunt and right ventricular
hypertrophy.

Diagnosis
VENTRICU
LAR
SEPTAL
DEFECT
Case No. ……………………..

Anatomical
defect
An abnormal
communication between
the right and left
ventricles septum and
shunt formation.
Case No. ……………………..

CaseNo.6
 A 12-day-old girl was referred to our hospital because of
tachypnea and retractive breathing. The patient was born
via elective cesarean section at 37 weeks and 0 days of
gestation, weighing 2,955 g. On day 6 after birth, a heart
murmur was noted, and echocardiographic showed great
vessels connection. Chest radiography showed that the
cardiothoracic ratio was 67%, indicating cardiomegaly.

Diagnosis
Patent
ductus
arteriosus
Case No. ……………………..

CaseNo.7
 A 20-year-old obese white man was referred to our hospital
because of increasing fatigue and exertional dyspnea. He
had been well until 5 months previously. The patient had a
medical history of dyslipidemia and hypertension. His
hypertension was poorly controlled despite a combination
of antihypertensive agents Femoral pulses were palpable
bilaterally but weak and delayed compared to the brachial
pulses.

Diagnosis
coarctation
of aorta
Case No. ……………………..

Anatomical
defect
A congenital heart
disease
characterized by a
narrowing of the
aorta.
Case No. ……………………..

CaseNo.8
 A 66-year-old man sought medical care at the hospital due
to severe chest pain lasting for 24 hours. The patient was
aware of being hypertensive and was a smoker. Without
any prior symptom, he started to have severe chest pain
and sought emergency medical care after about 24 hours,
due to pain persistence.
 Coronary angiography was indicated, which disclosed
anterior interventricular branch occlusion and images
suggestive of intracoronary thrombus

Diagnosis
Myocardial
infarction
Case No. ……………………..

Anatomical
defect
It is the irreversible death
of heart muscle due to
prolonged lack of oxygen
supply. It is caused by
decreased or complete
cessation of blood flow to
a portion of the
myocardium.
Case No. ……………………..

CaseNo.9
 A 77-year-old Korean woman came to the outpatient clinic
presenting with chest pain that started the day before. She
had a medical history of hypertension and had been on
medication . The day before, at about 7 PM she suddenly
felt a strong chest pain in the substernal area. She
described the character of the pain as oppressive without
radiating pain.
 Surprisingly, the CT results showed intra-aortic wall blood
collection starting from the ascending aorta distally.

Diagnosis
Aortic
Dissection
Case No. ……………………..

Anatomical
defect
It is a life-threatening
condition that occurs
when the inner layer of
the aorta tears, allowing
blood to flow between the
layers of the aortic wall.
Case No. ……………………..

CaseNo.10
 A 72-year-old male presents to the emergency
department with low back pain that began two hours
ago. Upon examination, the patient's abdominal
distention with diffuse tenderness are noted. A rapid
ultrasound reveals an aortic diameter of 9cm with a
large amount of free intra-peritoneal fluid. The
patient's blood pressure drops to 94/50 while before 2
hours her blood pressure was 180/120.
 What is the most probable anatomical base
of this case?

Diagnosis
aortic
aneurysm
Case No. ……………………..

Anatomical
defect
It is a serious
condition that
involves the
enlargement of
the aorta.
Case No. ……………………..

HOWTO STUDY
CVSANATOMY
Study from book
Use PowerPoint
presentations to guide you in
study
Do not forget to be close to
the reference textbook

t.me/BMS2020_AMEERAALHUMI
DI
@Dr_Ameeraalhumidi

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