this lecture describes anatomy of mediastinum and its divisions with contents of each part. mediastinum contains organs such as esophagus and trachea and arteries such as aortic arch and its branches, veins like Upper part of SVC
The document provides details on the anatomy of the respiratory system. It describes the structures of the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and pleura. Key points include:
- The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum and its walls have 3 pairs of nasal conchae.
- The pharynx has 3 regions - nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx.
- The larynx contains the vocal folds and epiglottis and connects to the trachea.
- The trachea divides into the two primary bronchi which enter the lungs and further divide.
- Each lung is surrounded by the pleura and
This document provides information about the muscles of the pectoral region, including the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, and subclavius. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, and actions of each muscle. It also discusses the blood and nerve supply to the pectoral region, as well as the clinical relevance of structures like the clavipectoral fascia. Understanding the muscles of the pectoral region is important for identifying and describing them, and knowing their actions and clinical applications.
The mediastinum is the space within the thorax between the lungs, containing the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus and other structures. It is divided into superior and inferior mediastinum. The superior mediastinum contains the thymus gland, great vessels of the neck, trachea and esophagus. The inferior mediastinum is further divided into anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum by the pericardium. The middle mediastinum contains the heart and pericardium, while the posterior mediastinum contains the descending aorta and esophagus. Infections of the neck can spread into the mediastinum through fascial planes. Tumors can compress mediastinal structures
Anatomy of the Thorax
b. Complaints
c. Inspection
d. Pathological forms of the chest
e. Breathing rate & types
f. Palpation of the chest
g. Percussion of chest
h. Auscultation of chest
This document summarizes the key points about chest CT protocols and techniques:
1. Chest CT is used to further evaluate abnormalities found on chest x-rays and can diagnose many lung disorders due to its high resolution images. Proper patient positioning, administration of intravenous contrast, and adjusting scanning parameters are important for high quality images.
2. Chest CT protocols involve scanning from the thoracic inlet to the dome of the diaphragm with thin slices and reconstructions to visualize the lungs, mediastinum, chest wall, and upper abdomen. Contrast is used for certain indications to enhance visibility of vessels and lesions.
3. Indications for chest CT include evaluating lung tumors, pulmonary nodules, infections
The document provides details on the anatomy of the respiratory system. It describes the structures of the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and pleura. Key points include:
- The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal septum and its walls have 3 pairs of nasal conchae.
- The pharynx has 3 regions - nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx.
- The larynx contains the vocal folds and epiglottis and connects to the trachea.
- The trachea divides into the two primary bronchi which enter the lungs and further divide.
- Each lung is surrounded by the pleura and
This document provides information about the muscles of the pectoral region, including the pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, and subclavius. It describes the origin, insertion, innervation, and actions of each muscle. It also discusses the blood and nerve supply to the pectoral region, as well as the clinical relevance of structures like the clavipectoral fascia. Understanding the muscles of the pectoral region is important for identifying and describing them, and knowing their actions and clinical applications.
The mediastinum is the space within the thorax between the lungs, containing the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus and other structures. It is divided into superior and inferior mediastinum. The superior mediastinum contains the thymus gland, great vessels of the neck, trachea and esophagus. The inferior mediastinum is further divided into anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum by the pericardium. The middle mediastinum contains the heart and pericardium, while the posterior mediastinum contains the descending aorta and esophagus. Infections of the neck can spread into the mediastinum through fascial planes. Tumors can compress mediastinal structures
Anatomy of the Thorax
b. Complaints
c. Inspection
d. Pathological forms of the chest
e. Breathing rate & types
f. Palpation of the chest
g. Percussion of chest
h. Auscultation of chest
This document summarizes the key points about chest CT protocols and techniques:
1. Chest CT is used to further evaluate abnormalities found on chest x-rays and can diagnose many lung disorders due to its high resolution images. Proper patient positioning, administration of intravenous contrast, and adjusting scanning parameters are important for high quality images.
2. Chest CT protocols involve scanning from the thoracic inlet to the dome of the diaphragm with thin slices and reconstructions to visualize the lungs, mediastinum, chest wall, and upper abdomen. Contrast is used for certain indications to enhance visibility of vessels and lesions.
3. Indications for chest CT include evaluating lung tumors, pulmonary nodules, infections
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb. It begins with the surface anatomy and skeleton, including the bones of the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, and hand. It then details the major joints of the upper limb. The bulk of the document describes the muscles of the upper limb grouped by region, including the muscles of the shoulder, arm, forearm, and movements they enable at the elbow and wrist. For each muscle, the origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply are specified. Clinical notes on related bone injuries are also provided.
Respiratory system assessment Zu 2023 updated (1).pptxmumusleh48
This document outlines the learning objectives and content for a nursing course on respiratory assessment. It will cover anatomy and physiology of the thorax and lungs, subjective and objective assessment techniques, documentation, and both theoretical and clinical learning objectives. Students will learn to describe thoracic landmarks, lung structures, the mechanics of respiration, assess breath sounds, gather subjective history, demonstrate assessment skills, consider safety, and properly document findings.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb. It begins with the surface anatomy and skeleton of the upper limb, including the bones of the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, and hand. It then details the joints of the upper limb and describes the major muscles involved in movements at each joint. For each muscle, the document specifies the origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply. Clinical notes are also provided for some bones. The document thus provides a comprehensive review of the skeletal structure and musculature of the upper limb.
10. ANATOMY OF THE MEDIASTINUM MATERIAL.pptxLivingBeing
The mediastinum is the space within the thoracic cavity surrounded by the pleura and containing the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, and other structures. It is divided into superior, anterior, middle, and posterior compartments by planes extending from the sternum to the spine. The superior mediastinum contains the thymus gland, great vessels, trachea and esophagus. The middle mediastinum contains the heart and pericardium. The posterior mediastinum contains the esophagus, thoracic duct and descending aorta. The mediastinum has clinical importance as it can be involved in infections, tumors and other pathologies.
The respiratory system has three main parts:
1. The conducting zone which includes the trachea and bronchi down to the terminal bronchioles.
2. The respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and 300 million alveoli where gas exchange occurs.
3. The muscles of respiration including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles which contract to inhale and exhale air.
This document provides guidance on interpreting a chest x-ray. It describes how to analyze the lung fields by dividing them into upper, middle and lower zones. It also explains how to examine the heart size and position, bones, diaphragm and other structures. The document emphasizes looking for asymmetries and following a systematic approach to identify any abnormalities and determine their location. It lists common radiographic findings and conditions that may present on a chest x-ray.
The document discusses anatomy and injuries of the chest wall and pleura. It describes the muscles covering the chest wall and approaches for thoracotomy. It also details the structure of ribs and intercostal spaces. Regarding injuries, it summarizes types of chest trauma such as blunt trauma, penetrating wounds, and blast injuries. It provides an overview of potentially lethal chest injuries and their management through procedures like tube thoracostomy, pericardiocentesis, or operative repair.
This document provides information about the brachial plexus:
1. The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of cervical nerves C5-T1. It lies in the neck and axilla and has five major components - roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches.
2. The three trunks of the brachial plexus are the upper, middle, and lower trunks. The cords are the lateral, medial, and posterior cords which give rise to the main branches that innervate the upper limb.
3. The major nerves of the brachial plexus are the axillary nerve, radial nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, ul
The document is a lesson plan about teaching anatomy and physiology of the heart to nursing students. It includes objectives to introduce the heart, discuss its position and associated organs, describe the structure of the heart including its layers and chambers, and explain blood supply to the heart. The lesson plan outlines the content, teaching methods, and evaluations for each objective over a 15 minute session.
thoracic cage, thoracic inlet and outlet, contents passing through the thoracic inlet an outlet, diaphragm, openings in the diaphragm, boy cavities, pleural cavity, pulmonary ligament, pulmonary recesses, blood and nerve supply of pleura,
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation on the thoracic duct:
1. The presentation can be freely downloaded, edited, and modified. Many of the slides are blank except for the title to facilitate active learning.
2. The instructor should first show blank slides related to a topic and ask students what they know, then show the next slide with information.
3. This process of blank slide then information slide should be repeated for revisions and self study.
4. The presentation covers the introduction, formation, course, relations, tributaries and applied anatomy of the thoracic duct.
The chest cavity contains the lungs and heart and is bounded by the chest wall and diaphragm. It can be divided into the mediastinum and pleural cavities. The pleura is a membrane that covers the lungs and lines the chest wall. It has parietal and visceral layers separated by a pleural space. Ultrasonography allows visualization of the pleura and underlying lung parenchyma. Key findings include the pleural line, A-lines, B-lines, lung sliding, and consolidations. It is useful for evaluating pleural effusions, pneumothorax, and infiltrates and has advantages over chest radiography of being radiation-free, portable, and allowing real-time
This document outlines learning objectives for understanding the thoracic cage and diaphragm. The key points are:
- Describe the boundaries of the thoracic cage, openings of the thorax, and components of the diaphragm including its origin, direction of fibers, blood supply and nerve supply.
- List the structures that pass through openings in the thorax and diaphragm.
- Explain the functions of the diaphragm in respiration and other acts.
- Enumerate conditions related to damage of the phrenic nerve including diaphragmatic paralysis and hernias.
1. The document provides an overview of radiological anatomy of the chest and describes how to examine a posteroanterior chest radiograph. It identifies bones, soft tissues, trachea, lungs, diaphragm, heart and mediastinum.
2. Bronchography and contrast visualization of the esophagus are described as special studies to visualize the bronchial tree and esophagus.
3. Coronary angiography is mentioned as a method to visualize the coronary arteries and identify any narrowing or blockage.
The document provides guidance on evaluating chest x-rays. It discusses reading chest x-rays concentrically from the periphery towards the center and outlines key areas to examine, including the airway, breathing, circulation, diaphragm, soft tissues, bones, and tubes/lines. Technical factors like positioning, inspiration, and exposure quality are also reviewed. The document emphasizes examining specific zones like the retroclavicular, hilar, retrocardiac, and subdiaphragmatic areas for abnormalities and comparing findings to normal lung anatomy.
This radiology lecture covers diagnostic imaging modalities including radiation-based modalities like x-rays, CT, and nuclear medicine, as well as non-radiation modalities like ultrasound and MRI. It discusses evaluating technical adequacy, systematic approaches to reading common radiographs like chest x-rays, and the normal anatomy visualized on images. Assessment includes a written exam and attendance/participation are graded. Students are responsible for 100% attendance and active learning.
The posterior triangle of the neck has the following boundaries and contents:
1) It is bounded by the middle third of the clavicle above, the investing layer of deep cervical fascia above, and the prevertebral fascia below.
2) It contains the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, apex of the lung, lymph nodes, subclavian artery and vein, external jugular vein, and spinal part of the accessory nerve.
3) A stab wound here could injure the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, cause bleeding from the subclavian artery or apex of the lung, and damage the 11th cranial nerve.
If you are using the local base system you are facing many problems such as finding the particular record, deleting the record, updating or changing the record. Those are operations used in the local business or online business.
This document provides information about the anatomy of the small intestine. It discusses the three parts of the small intestine - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. For each part, it describes the shape, length, location of beginning and termination, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and other distinguishing anatomical features. The duodenum is fixed and retroperitoneal, while the jejunum and ileum have mesenteries and are more movable. The document also details the four sections of the duodenum and their relations to surrounding structures.
This document provides information about the anatomy of the small intestine. It discusses the three parts of the small intestine - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. For each part, it describes the shape, length, location of beginning and termination, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and other distinguishing anatomical features. The duodenum is fixed and retroperitoneal, while the jejunum and ileum have mesenteries and are more movable. The document also details the four sections of the duodenum and their relations to surrounding structures.
neurovascular supply of CVS with Dr. Ameera Al-Huimidi.pptxAmeera Al-Humidi
This lecture describes coronary circulation inform of coronary arteries and coronary sinus.
also how cardiac plexus innervates heart with explanation of lymphatic drainage
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb. It begins with the surface anatomy and skeleton, including the bones of the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, and hand. It then details the major joints of the upper limb. The bulk of the document describes the muscles of the upper limb grouped by region, including the muscles of the shoulder, arm, forearm, and movements they enable at the elbow and wrist. For each muscle, the origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply are specified. Clinical notes on related bone injuries are also provided.
Respiratory system assessment Zu 2023 updated (1).pptxmumusleh48
This document outlines the learning objectives and content for a nursing course on respiratory assessment. It will cover anatomy and physiology of the thorax and lungs, subjective and objective assessment techniques, documentation, and both theoretical and clinical learning objectives. Students will learn to describe thoracic landmarks, lung structures, the mechanics of respiration, assess breath sounds, gather subjective history, demonstrate assessment skills, consider safety, and properly document findings.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the upper limb. It begins with the surface anatomy and skeleton of the upper limb, including the bones of the shoulder girdle, arm, forearm, and hand. It then details the joints of the upper limb and describes the major muscles involved in movements at each joint. For each muscle, the document specifies the origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply. Clinical notes are also provided for some bones. The document thus provides a comprehensive review of the skeletal structure and musculature of the upper limb.
10. ANATOMY OF THE MEDIASTINUM MATERIAL.pptxLivingBeing
The mediastinum is the space within the thoracic cavity surrounded by the pleura and containing the heart, major blood vessels, esophagus, and other structures. It is divided into superior, anterior, middle, and posterior compartments by planes extending from the sternum to the spine. The superior mediastinum contains the thymus gland, great vessels, trachea and esophagus. The middle mediastinum contains the heart and pericardium. The posterior mediastinum contains the esophagus, thoracic duct and descending aorta. The mediastinum has clinical importance as it can be involved in infections, tumors and other pathologies.
The respiratory system has three main parts:
1. The conducting zone which includes the trachea and bronchi down to the terminal bronchioles.
2. The respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and 300 million alveoli where gas exchange occurs.
3. The muscles of respiration including the diaphragm and intercostal muscles which contract to inhale and exhale air.
This document provides guidance on interpreting a chest x-ray. It describes how to analyze the lung fields by dividing them into upper, middle and lower zones. It also explains how to examine the heart size and position, bones, diaphragm and other structures. The document emphasizes looking for asymmetries and following a systematic approach to identify any abnormalities and determine their location. It lists common radiographic findings and conditions that may present on a chest x-ray.
The document discusses anatomy and injuries of the chest wall and pleura. It describes the muscles covering the chest wall and approaches for thoracotomy. It also details the structure of ribs and intercostal spaces. Regarding injuries, it summarizes types of chest trauma such as blunt trauma, penetrating wounds, and blast injuries. It provides an overview of potentially lethal chest injuries and their management through procedures like tube thoracostomy, pericardiocentesis, or operative repair.
This document provides information about the brachial plexus:
1. The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of cervical nerves C5-T1. It lies in the neck and axilla and has five major components - roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches.
2. The three trunks of the brachial plexus are the upper, middle, and lower trunks. The cords are the lateral, medial, and posterior cords which give rise to the main branches that innervate the upper limb.
3. The major nerves of the brachial plexus are the axillary nerve, radial nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, ul
The document is a lesson plan about teaching anatomy and physiology of the heart to nursing students. It includes objectives to introduce the heart, discuss its position and associated organs, describe the structure of the heart including its layers and chambers, and explain blood supply to the heart. The lesson plan outlines the content, teaching methods, and evaluations for each objective over a 15 minute session.
thoracic cage, thoracic inlet and outlet, contents passing through the thoracic inlet an outlet, diaphragm, openings in the diaphragm, boy cavities, pleural cavity, pulmonary ligament, pulmonary recesses, blood and nerve supply of pleura,
This document provides tips for using a PowerPoint presentation on the thoracic duct:
1. The presentation can be freely downloaded, edited, and modified. Many of the slides are blank except for the title to facilitate active learning.
2. The instructor should first show blank slides related to a topic and ask students what they know, then show the next slide with information.
3. This process of blank slide then information slide should be repeated for revisions and self study.
4. The presentation covers the introduction, formation, course, relations, tributaries and applied anatomy of the thoracic duct.
The chest cavity contains the lungs and heart and is bounded by the chest wall and diaphragm. It can be divided into the mediastinum and pleural cavities. The pleura is a membrane that covers the lungs and lines the chest wall. It has parietal and visceral layers separated by a pleural space. Ultrasonography allows visualization of the pleura and underlying lung parenchyma. Key findings include the pleural line, A-lines, B-lines, lung sliding, and consolidations. It is useful for evaluating pleural effusions, pneumothorax, and infiltrates and has advantages over chest radiography of being radiation-free, portable, and allowing real-time
This document outlines learning objectives for understanding the thoracic cage and diaphragm. The key points are:
- Describe the boundaries of the thoracic cage, openings of the thorax, and components of the diaphragm including its origin, direction of fibers, blood supply and nerve supply.
- List the structures that pass through openings in the thorax and diaphragm.
- Explain the functions of the diaphragm in respiration and other acts.
- Enumerate conditions related to damage of the phrenic nerve including diaphragmatic paralysis and hernias.
1. The document provides an overview of radiological anatomy of the chest and describes how to examine a posteroanterior chest radiograph. It identifies bones, soft tissues, trachea, lungs, diaphragm, heart and mediastinum.
2. Bronchography and contrast visualization of the esophagus are described as special studies to visualize the bronchial tree and esophagus.
3. Coronary angiography is mentioned as a method to visualize the coronary arteries and identify any narrowing or blockage.
The document provides guidance on evaluating chest x-rays. It discusses reading chest x-rays concentrically from the periphery towards the center and outlines key areas to examine, including the airway, breathing, circulation, diaphragm, soft tissues, bones, and tubes/lines. Technical factors like positioning, inspiration, and exposure quality are also reviewed. The document emphasizes examining specific zones like the retroclavicular, hilar, retrocardiac, and subdiaphragmatic areas for abnormalities and comparing findings to normal lung anatomy.
This radiology lecture covers diagnostic imaging modalities including radiation-based modalities like x-rays, CT, and nuclear medicine, as well as non-radiation modalities like ultrasound and MRI. It discusses evaluating technical adequacy, systematic approaches to reading common radiographs like chest x-rays, and the normal anatomy visualized on images. Assessment includes a written exam and attendance/participation are graded. Students are responsible for 100% attendance and active learning.
The posterior triangle of the neck has the following boundaries and contents:
1) It is bounded by the middle third of the clavicle above, the investing layer of deep cervical fascia above, and the prevertebral fascia below.
2) It contains the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, apex of the lung, lymph nodes, subclavian artery and vein, external jugular vein, and spinal part of the accessory nerve.
3) A stab wound here could injure the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, cause bleeding from the subclavian artery or apex of the lung, and damage the 11th cranial nerve.
If you are using the local base system you are facing many problems such as finding the particular record, deleting the record, updating or changing the record. Those are operations used in the local business or online business.
This document provides information about the anatomy of the small intestine. It discusses the three parts of the small intestine - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. For each part, it describes the shape, length, location of beginning and termination, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and other distinguishing anatomical features. The duodenum is fixed and retroperitoneal, while the jejunum and ileum have mesenteries and are more movable. The document also details the four sections of the duodenum and their relations to surrounding structures.
This document provides information about the anatomy of the small intestine. It discusses the three parts of the small intestine - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. For each part, it describes the shape, length, location of beginning and termination, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and other distinguishing anatomical features. The duodenum is fixed and retroperitoneal, while the jejunum and ileum have mesenteries and are more movable. The document also details the four sections of the duodenum and their relations to surrounding structures.
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Here are the answers to the requirements:
1. The hip flexors are:
- Iliopsoas (made up of psoas major and iliacus)
- Sartorius
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2. The hip extensors are:
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- Semimembranosus
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3. The hip adductors are:
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- Gracilis
4. The
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
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- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
4. MEDIASTINUM
4
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:
● Define the “Mediastinum”.
● Differentiate between the divisions of the mediastinum.
● List the boundaries and contents of each division.
● Describe the relations between the important structures
in each division
37. Choose only one from the following:
Draw one of the conclusion tables in appropriate figure.
Draw details of cavity of two chambers.
Draw two of congenital heart diseases and compare them to normal heart.
Draw chest x-ray or chest CT-scan or Echocardiogram.
Draw blood circulation.
Draw aorta and SVC.
Draw azygos system.
Draw coronary circulation and cardiac veins.
Draw conduction system of the heart.
Draw surface anatomy of the heart and great vessels.
PERICARDIUM AND HEART TOPOGRAPHY
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