Get to know about the climate of earth along with india. it is a part of geography . Climatology is one of the important terms to know .

1. CLIMATOLOGY

2. CLIMATE AND WETHER
 Climate – refers to the
sum total of weather
conditions and
variations over a large
area for a long period of
time.
 Weather – refers to the
state of the atmosphere
over an area.

3. Latitudes Altitudes
Pressure Winds
Ocean
currents

4. •Latitudinal heat zones of the earth
1. Torrid zone lies between tropic of cancer and tropic of
Capricorn and the sun is overhead for at least once a year in
this region.
2. The sun never shines overhead on any latitude.
3. Temperate zones have moderate temperature which are
bounded by tropic of cancer and arctic circle , and tropic of
Capricorn and Antarctic circle.
4. Therefore , at last areas lying beyond arctic circle and
Antarctic circle are very cold and do not receive any sun
light and so they are called frigid zone.

6. Factors affecting india’s climate
 Latitude – the tropic of
cancer passes through
the middle of the
country from the Rann
of Kachchh in the west
to Mizoram in the east.
India’s climate has
characteristics of
tropical as well as
subtropical climate.
 Altitude – India has
mountaion to the north
and also has a vast
coastal area where the
maximum elevation is
about 30 m . Owing to
the mountaions ,
subcontinents
experiences
comparatively milder
winters as compared to
central asia.

7. Rotation
•Rotation is the spinning movement of the earth.
•Earth rotates west to east
TEMPERATURE FALLS AS WE MOVE FROM EQUATOR
TOWARDS POLES
•Temperature falls at the surface of the earth as one moves away
from the equator towards poles.
•This is because of the shape of the earth and the position of the
sun relative to the earth.
•The energy received per unit area decreases from equator to
poles as the equator receives direct sunlight and the sun’s rays
become slant or oblique as we move pole wards.

8. •Revolution is the movement of earth on its axis as well
as revolving around the sun.
•The plane in which the earth revolve around the sun is
called orbital plane or the ecliptic.

9. solstice
Summer
solstice
Winter
solstice

10. On 21 June , the northern hemisphere is tilted
towards the sun, rays fall directly on tropic of cancer .
Large portion of northern portion is getting sunlight
so it is summer in north of the equator.
At this time in the southern hemisphere , it is winter
and the nights are longer than days.
The position of the earth is called summer solstices .
During this , the whole arctic falls within the “zone of
illumination” all day long.

11. On 22 December , the tropic
of Capricorn receives direct
sun rays .
The longest night and the
shortest day all across 22 dec
, in northern hemisphere.
Summer in the southern
hemisphere , with longer
days and shorter nights .

12. •Ways to transfer of heat energy
1. Radiation
2. Condensation
3. Convection

13. The earth receives a certain amount of isolation (short
waves- UV and visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum )
and gives back heat into space by terrestrial radiation ( long
wave or infrared radiation ).
Through this give and take , or the heat budget , the earth
maintains a constant temperature.

14. The weight of a column of air contained in a unit area
from the main sea level to the top of the atmosphere is
called the atmospheric pressure .
The atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1034 gm per sq.
cm .
Atmospheric pressure varies from place to place due to
differences in topography , sun’s isolation and related
weather and climatic factors.

16. WIND MOVEMENT

17. 1. Loo- In the plain of northern india and pakistan , sometimes a
vary hot and dry winds blows from the west in may and june ,
ususally in afternoons. Temperature between 45 C and 50 C.
2. Foehn or Fohn – hot wind in the Alps, it is strong , gusty , dry
and warm . The wind helps in animal gazing by melting snow
and aids the ripening of grapes.
3. Chinook- move down the west slopes of the Rockies.
Beneifical to ranchers .
4. Mistral – Local name by France , channelled through the
Rhone valley , very cold and dry with a high speed .
5. Sirocca – It is a Mediterranean wind that comes from the
Sahara and reacher hurricane speeds in North America