1) Pakistan faces challenges of high population growth, increasing resource demands, urbanization, and effects of climate change like floods and droughts that threaten sustainable agriculture and food security. 2) Agriculture is at the intersection of achieving food security, adapting to climate change, and mitigating climate change while dealing with scarce resources. 3) To ensure food security in Pakistan, sustainable agriculture must be promoted to strengthen resilience to climate change, increase food production, and raise incomes, especially for marginalized groups.

1. Sustainable Agriculture Policy
Climate Change

2. Non Sustainable CP
- High population growth (185 million)
increased resource demand—energy exhaustive production;
increased input for HRV; non sustainable extraction of ground
water
- Subsistence agriculture farm poverty
- Urbanization, peri urbanization, deforestation
- Monsoon, floods, droughts, water scarcity, sea water
intrusion
most significant climatic event in region (70% of annual
precipitation in 3 month’s period)
- Solid waste management
- Energy (77% thermal)
- Glacial Melting
Floods and drought
- International Trade: Eco dumping

3. IPCC last report acknowledged
that
– "there are considerable
evidences to suggest that
human activities are
responsible for climate
change.
• Socio-economic issues
should also be given
preference.

4. Climate Change-Agriculture Linkages
- Rise in temperature
- Changed rainfall patterns
- Seasonal extremes and variations
- Glacial melting
- Floods
- Sea Water Intrusion
Agriculture-Climate Change Linkages
- Energy exhaustive food production
- Increased input for high responsive varieties
- Non sustainable extraction of ground water
- Increased financial resources

6. • Agriculture is at the nexus of three of the
greatest challenges of the 21st century –
– achieving food security
– adapting to climate change, and
– mitigating climate change
while critical resources such as water, energy and
land become increasingly scarce
(CGIAR,2012)

7. Two important challenges!!
• To Ensure Food Secure Pakistan
– 80 million Hungry and malnourished population
– Increase in food production and productivity
– Income diversification
• Adapting to climate change
– Strengthen resilience and coping mechanism for
growing population and unsustainable resource use
– Sustainable agriculture, especially for low and
marginalized areas for more food supply and
reduction in environmental damages

8. Hunger in Pakistan
 Malnourished in Pakistan increased to 35 Million during 2010-12 from 30
Million during 1990-92 (FAO, 2011-12).
 Global Hunger index (GHI) 2012, Pakistan stands at position 57 in the list
of 79 countries
 Child Development Index (CDI) 2012 places Pakistan at number 120
among the 140 nations
 Global Food Security Index 2012’ Pakistan at number 75, among 105
countries, with a score of 38.5/100 (The Economist, 2012)
 The National Nutrition Survey 2011 for Pakistan:
food insecure population has increased by 12 million since 2006
severely food insecure population has risen from 9.6 million to 45.3
million that is 28% of the population
 In 2008 almost 51% of the population (72 million) survived at less than
2100 calories per day (NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY, 2012)

9. Why sustainable agriculture?
• Agriculture sector in Pakistan is main source
of livelihoods
• Sustainable agriculture growth is essential not
only for sustainable food production but also
to increase access and absorption of food by
increasing incomes
• Agro-based GHG emissions can be mitigate by
itself -agriculture adaptations techniques and
methods

10. Uncertainties in Sustainable agriculture
development and climate change to
achieve food security
• How much and at what scale climate change in diverse
climatic regions in Pakistan will affect agricultural
productivity?
• How climate-compatible approaches be used and
incorporated in agriculture development goals for food
security and sustainable agriculture?
• What are the bottlenecks of capacity, financial resources,
technology, political, institutional and economic policies
that hinder in scaling-up climate-compatible to
marginalized poor and most vulnerable? ‘Identification of
hotspots’ where threats are higher

11. Knowledge Generation and
Dissemination
• Need for national agriculture policy integrating
food security issues and sustainable agriculture

12. Integrate information about land use and land
change, food production, climate,
demographics, and ecology etc. for proper
and informed decisions.
Decision support systems

13. Priority setting
Individual Security?
National Security?
Regional Security?
Global Security
Their interconnectedness makes it difficult to address the security
of state if security at one of the other levels has been
compromised. Ignoring SA is increasing individual securities.

15. Policy led vulnerabilities that
reduces our resilience