Climate change effect badly all kinds of species from last decade. and its going to very keen issue.
its a responsibility of all humanity to care about all issues regarding to climate change.
Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term "weather" refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region. In the long
run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal
temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately (IPCC, 2007). Drivers of climate
change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impacts on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with.
Climate change, its impact on agriculture and mitigation strategiesVasu Dev Meena
According to IPCC (2007) “Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)”.
Climate change has adverse impacts on agriculture, hydropower, forest management and biodiversity.
In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc.
Climate change directly affect food production across the globe.
Global climate change is a change in the long-term weather patterns that characterize the regions of the world. The term "weather" refers to the short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and/or precipitation of a region. In the long
run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc. Climate change is likely to directly impact food production across the globe. Increase in the mean seasonal
temperature can reduce the duration of many crops and hence reduce the yield. In areas where temperatures are already close to the physiological maxima for crops, warming will impact yields more immediately (IPCC, 2007). Drivers of climate
change through alterations in atmospheric composition can also influence food production directly by its impacts on plant physiology. The consequences of agriculture’s contribution to climate change, and of climate change’s negative impact on agriculture, are severe which is projected to have a great impact on food production and may threaten the food security and hence, require special agricultural measures to combat with.
Climate change, its impact on agriculture and mitigation strategiesVasu Dev Meena
According to IPCC (2007) “Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)”.
Climate change has adverse impacts on agriculture, hydropower, forest management and biodiversity.
In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc.
Climate change directly affect food production across the globe.
CHALLENGES FACED BY FARMERS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGESEaseMyTrip.com
One of the major challenges facing human is to provide a good standard of living for present and future generations: proper food, water, energy, safe shelter and a healthy environment. But, global environmental issues such as land degradation, loss of biodiversity, ozone layer depletion along with human-induced climate change, threatens our ability to meet the basic human needs.
Impact of climatic change on agricultureShashi Singh
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.
Climate change impacts on soil health and their mitigation and adaptation str...Rajendra meena
The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is bringing about major changes to the global environment resulting in global warming, depletion of ozone concentration in the stratosphere, changes in atmospheric moisture and precipitation and enhanced atmospheric deposition. These changes impact several soil processes, which are influence soil health. Soil health refers to the capacity of soil to perform agronomic and environmental functions. A number of physical, chemical and biological characteristics have been proposed as indicators of soil health. Generally, biological processes in soil such as decomposition and storage of organic matter, C and N cycling, microbial and metabolic quotients are likely to be influenced greatly by climate change and have thus high relevance to assess climate change impacts (Allen et al., 2011). Soil organic matter (SOM) exerts a major influence on several soil health indicators and is thus considered a key indicator of soil health. An optimal level of SOM is essential for maintaining soil health and alleviating rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Elevated CO2 has increased C decay rates generally but in some cases elevated CO2 increases soil C storage (Jastrow et al., 2016). Enhancing the soil organic carbon pool also improves agro-ecosystem resilience, eco-efficiency, and adaptation to climate change. Healthy soils provide the largest store of terrestrial carbon, when managed sustainably; soils can play an important role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon (carbon sequestration) and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere (Paustian et al., 2016).
Wright et al., (2005) reported that no tillage increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) 11 and 21% in corn and 22 and 12 % in cotton than conventional tillage. Agroforestry system at farmers’ field enhance soil biological activity and amongst trees, P. cineraria based system brought maximum and significant improvement in soil biological activity (Yadav et al ., 2011).
Economic perspectives on the impact of climate change on agricultureharrison manyumwa
The world's climate is changing, and the growing evidence is that the major drivers are anthropogenic, i.e. caused by humans. While humans are contributing to the changing climates the impacts of climate change on other humans range from minor to severe depending on the region one is located. As such, climate change has been viewed as a problem with a negative exernality. The diverse distributionl impacts have resulted in "winners" and "losers". But what is the way forward. I argue that "winners" should support and help the "losers" regain a normal life, by helping them to be resilient. Enjoy.
Agriculture and fisheries are highly dependent on specific climate conditions. Trying to understand the overall effect of climate change on our food supply can be difficult. Increases in temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be beneficial for some crops in some places. But to realize these benefits, nutrient levels, soil moisture, water availability, and other conditions must also be met. Changes in the frequency and severity of droughts and floods could pose challenges for farmers and ranchers. Meanwhile, warmer water temperatures are likely to cause the habitat ranges of many fish and shellfish species to shift, which could disrupt ecosystems. Overall, climate change could make it more difficult to grow crops, raise animals, and catch fish in the same ways and same places as we have done in the past. The effects of climate change also need to be considered along with other evolving factors that affect agricultural production, such as changes in farming practices and technology.
Extent of climate change over India & its projected impact on Indian agricult...India Water Portal
This special address by Dr Y E A Raj, Director General, Regional Meteorological Centre, Chennai made at the Kerala Enviroment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Environment and Development discusses the impact of climate change on Indian agriculture
Climate change and Agriculture: Impact Aadaptation and MitigationPragyaNaithani
Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). For the past some decades, the gaseous composition of earth’s atmosphere is undergoing a significant change, largely through increased emissions from energy, industry and agriculture sectors; widespread deforestation as well as fast changes in land use and land management practices. These anthropogenic activities are resulting in an increased emission of radiatively active gases, viz. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), popularly known as the ‘greenhouse gases’ (GHGs)
These GHGs trap the outgoing infrared radiations from the earth’s surface and thus raise the temperature of the atmosphere. The global mean annual temperature at the end of the 20th century, as a result of GHG accumulation in the atmosphere, has increased by 0.4–0.7 ºC above that recorded at the end of the 19th century. The past 50 years have shown an increasing trend in temperature @ 0.13 °C/decade, while the rise in temperature during the past one and half decades has been much higher. The Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change has projected the temperature increase to be between 1.1 °C and 6.4 °C by the end of the 21st Century (IPCC, 2007). The global warming is expected to lead to other regional and global changes in the climate-related parameters such as rainfall, soil moisture, and sea level. Snow cover is also reported to be gradually decreasing.
Therefore, concerted efforts are required for mitigation and adaptation to reduce the vulnerability of agriculture to the adverse impacts of climate change and making it more resilient.
The adaptive capacity of poor farmers is limited because of subsistence agriculture and low level of formal education. Therefore, simple, economically viable and culturally acceptable adaptation strategies have to be developed and implemented. Furthermore, the transfer of knowledge as well as access to social, economic, institutional, and technical resources need to be provided and integrated within the existing resources of farmers.
CHALLENGES FACED BY FARMERS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGESEaseMyTrip.com
One of the major challenges facing human is to provide a good standard of living for present and future generations: proper food, water, energy, safe shelter and a healthy environment. But, global environmental issues such as land degradation, loss of biodiversity, ozone layer depletion along with human-induced climate change, threatens our ability to meet the basic human needs.
Impact of climatic change on agricultureShashi Singh
Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Climate change affects agriculture in a number of ways, including through changes in average temperatures, rainfall, and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves); changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide and ground-level ozone concentrations; changes in the nutritional quality of some foods; and changes in sea level.
Climate change impacts on soil health and their mitigation and adaptation str...Rajendra meena
The increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is bringing about major changes to the global environment resulting in global warming, depletion of ozone concentration in the stratosphere, changes in atmospheric moisture and precipitation and enhanced atmospheric deposition. These changes impact several soil processes, which are influence soil health. Soil health refers to the capacity of soil to perform agronomic and environmental functions. A number of physical, chemical and biological characteristics have been proposed as indicators of soil health. Generally, biological processes in soil such as decomposition and storage of organic matter, C and N cycling, microbial and metabolic quotients are likely to be influenced greatly by climate change and have thus high relevance to assess climate change impacts (Allen et al., 2011). Soil organic matter (SOM) exerts a major influence on several soil health indicators and is thus considered a key indicator of soil health. An optimal level of SOM is essential for maintaining soil health and alleviating rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. Elevated CO2 has increased C decay rates generally but in some cases elevated CO2 increases soil C storage (Jastrow et al., 2016). Enhancing the soil organic carbon pool also improves agro-ecosystem resilience, eco-efficiency, and adaptation to climate change. Healthy soils provide the largest store of terrestrial carbon, when managed sustainably; soils can play an important role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon (carbon sequestration) and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere (Paustian et al., 2016).
Wright et al., (2005) reported that no tillage increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) 11 and 21% in corn and 22 and 12 % in cotton than conventional tillage. Agroforestry system at farmers’ field enhance soil biological activity and amongst trees, P. cineraria based system brought maximum and significant improvement in soil biological activity (Yadav et al ., 2011).
Economic perspectives on the impact of climate change on agricultureharrison manyumwa
The world's climate is changing, and the growing evidence is that the major drivers are anthropogenic, i.e. caused by humans. While humans are contributing to the changing climates the impacts of climate change on other humans range from minor to severe depending on the region one is located. As such, climate change has been viewed as a problem with a negative exernality. The diverse distributionl impacts have resulted in "winners" and "losers". But what is the way forward. I argue that "winners" should support and help the "losers" regain a normal life, by helping them to be resilient. Enjoy.
Agriculture and fisheries are highly dependent on specific climate conditions. Trying to understand the overall effect of climate change on our food supply can be difficult. Increases in temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be beneficial for some crops in some places. But to realize these benefits, nutrient levels, soil moisture, water availability, and other conditions must also be met. Changes in the frequency and severity of droughts and floods could pose challenges for farmers and ranchers. Meanwhile, warmer water temperatures are likely to cause the habitat ranges of many fish and shellfish species to shift, which could disrupt ecosystems. Overall, climate change could make it more difficult to grow crops, raise animals, and catch fish in the same ways and same places as we have done in the past. The effects of climate change also need to be considered along with other evolving factors that affect agricultural production, such as changes in farming practices and technology.
Extent of climate change over India & its projected impact on Indian agricult...India Water Portal
This special address by Dr Y E A Raj, Director General, Regional Meteorological Centre, Chennai made at the Kerala Enviroment Congress, Trivandrum organised by the Centre for Environment and Development discusses the impact of climate change on Indian agriculture
Climate change and Agriculture: Impact Aadaptation and MitigationPragyaNaithani
Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). For the past some decades, the gaseous composition of earth’s atmosphere is undergoing a significant change, largely through increased emissions from energy, industry and agriculture sectors; widespread deforestation as well as fast changes in land use and land management practices. These anthropogenic activities are resulting in an increased emission of radiatively active gases, viz. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), popularly known as the ‘greenhouse gases’ (GHGs)
These GHGs trap the outgoing infrared radiations from the earth’s surface and thus raise the temperature of the atmosphere. The global mean annual temperature at the end of the 20th century, as a result of GHG accumulation in the atmosphere, has increased by 0.4–0.7 ºC above that recorded at the end of the 19th century. The past 50 years have shown an increasing trend in temperature @ 0.13 °C/decade, while the rise in temperature during the past one and half decades has been much higher. The Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change has projected the temperature increase to be between 1.1 °C and 6.4 °C by the end of the 21st Century (IPCC, 2007). The global warming is expected to lead to other regional and global changes in the climate-related parameters such as rainfall, soil moisture, and sea level. Snow cover is also reported to be gradually decreasing.
Therefore, concerted efforts are required for mitigation and adaptation to reduce the vulnerability of agriculture to the adverse impacts of climate change and making it more resilient.
The adaptive capacity of poor farmers is limited because of subsistence agriculture and low level of formal education. Therefore, simple, economically viable and culturally acceptable adaptation strategies have to be developed and implemented. Furthermore, the transfer of knowledge as well as access to social, economic, institutional, and technical resources need to be provided and integrated within the existing resources of farmers.
Environmental issues are any such issues created due to human activities and cause harm to the environment. Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment.
They relate to the anthropogenic effects on the natural environment, which are loosely divided into causes, effects and mitigation, noting that effects are interconnected and can cause new effects.
Climate change effect on abiotic stress in fruit crops Parshant Bakshi
A change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY; THE CASE OF GHANA. DISCUSS.williamson20032001
Climate change is the gradual, long-term alteration of worldwide weather patterns, especially increases in temperature and storm activity, attributable to the increased accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This increases the temperature of the earth and carries with it a series of repercussions for the environment. The earth’s atmospheric temperature is maintained by greenhouse gases, whose duty is to form an insulating blanket around the earth and regulate the amount of solar radiation that stays in its atmosphere. Chief among these gases are water vapour (most abundant), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). These occur naturally. Human-made additions include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) are the two most abundant gases of the earth’s atmospheric cover by volume percent but have properties that restrict infrared absorption. The greenhouse gases that make up less than a percentage of the earth’s atmospheric composition are the culprits in global warming. The role of greenhouse gases is profound. The sun is the primary source of heat to the earth. The solar spectrum is a collection of radiant energy forms that are partly absorbed by the earth. X-ray, infrared, gamma, visible light and ultraviolet radiation all are emitted from the sun.
Climate change; its effects on pakistanShahid Khan
The climate system is a complex, interactive system consisting of the atmosphere, land surface, snow and ice, oceans and other bodies of water, and living things.
Matt Rife Cancels Shows Due to Health Concerns, Reschedules Tour Dates.pdfAzura Everhart
Matt Rife's comedy tour took an unexpected turn. He had to cancel his Bloomington show due to a last-minute medical emergency. Fans in Chicago will also have to wait a bit longer for their laughs, as his shows there are postponed. Rife apologized and assured fans he'd be back on stage soon.
https://www.theurbancrews.com/celeb/matt-rife-cancels-bloomington-show/
Experience the thrill of Progressive Puzzle Adventures, like Scavenger Hunt Games and Escape Room Activities combined Solve Treasure Hunt Puzzles online.
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Meet Dinah Mattingly – Larry Bird’s Partner in Life and Loveget joys
Get an intimate look at Dinah Mattingly’s life alongside NBA icon Larry Bird. From their humble beginnings to their life today, discover the love and partnership that have defined their relationship.
Young Tom Selleck: A Journey Through His Early Years and Rise to Stardomgreendigital
Introduction
When one thinks of Hollywood legends, Tom Selleck is a name that comes to mind. Known for his charming smile, rugged good looks. and the iconic mustache that has become synonymous with his persona. Tom Selleck has had a prolific career spanning decades. But, the journey of young Tom Selleck, from his early years to becoming a household name. is a story filled with determination, talent, and a touch of luck. This article delves into young Tom Selleck's life, background, early struggles. and pivotal moments that led to his rise in Hollywood.
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Early Life and Background
Family Roots and Childhood
Thomas William Selleck was born in Detroit, Michigan, on January 29, 1945. He was the second of four children in a close-knit family. His father, Robert Dean Selleck, was a real estate investor and executive. while his mother, Martha Selleck, was a homemaker. The Selleck family relocated to Sherman Oaks, California. when Tom was a child, setting the stage for his future in the entertainment industry.
Education and Early Interests
Growing up, young Tom Selleck was an active and athletic child. He attended Grant High School in Van Nuys, California. where he excelled in sports, particularly basketball. His tall and athletic build made him a standout player, and he earned a basketball scholarship to the University of Southern California (U.S.C.). While at U.S.C., Selleck studied business administration. but his interests shifted toward acting.
Discovery of Acting Passion
Tom Selleck's journey into acting was serendipitous. During his time at U.S.C., a drama coach encouraged him to try acting. This nudge led him to join the Hills Playhouse, where he began honing his craft. Transitioning from an aspiring athlete to an actor took time. but young Tom Selleck became drawn to the performance world.
Early Career Struggles
Breaking Into the Industry
The path to stardom was a challenging one for young Tom Selleck. Like many aspiring actors, he faced many rejections and struggled to find steady work. A series of minor roles and guest appearances on television shows marked his early career. In 1965, he debuted on the syndicated show "The Dating Game." which gave him some exposure but did not lead to immediate success.
The Commercial Breakthrough
During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Selleck began appearing in television commercials. His rugged good looks and charismatic presence made him a popular brand choice. He starred in advertisements for Pepsi-Cola, Revlon, and Close-Up toothpaste. These commercials provided financial stability and helped him gain visibility in the industry.
Struggling Actor in Hollywood
Despite his success in commercials. breaking into large acting roles remained a challenge for young Tom Selleck. He auditioned and took on small parts in T.V. shows and movies. Some of his early television appearances included roles in popular series like Lancer, The F.B.I., and Bracken's World. But, it would take a
Barbie Movie Review - The Astras.pdffffftheastras43
Barbie Movie Review has gotten brilliant surveys for its fun and creative story. Coordinated by Greta Gerwig, it stars Margot Robbie as Barbie and Ryan Gosling as Insight. Critics adore its perky humor, dynamic visuals, and intelligent take on the notorious doll's world. It's lauded for being engaging for both kids and grown-ups. The Astras profoundly prescribes observing the Barbie Review for a delightful and colorful cinematic involvement.https://theastras.com/hca-member-gradebooks/hca-gradebook-barbie/
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspirationgreendigital
Introduction
In the realm of entertainment, few names resonate as Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. Both figures have carved unique paths in the industry. achieving unparalleled success and becoming iconic symbols of perseverance, resilience, and inspiration. This article delves into the lives, careers. and enduring legacies of Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. exploring how their journeys intersect and what we can learn from their remarkable stories.
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Early Life and Backgrounds
Orpah Winfrey: From Humble Beginnings to Media Mogul
Orpah Winfrey, often known as Oprah due to a misspelling on her birth certificate. was born on January 29, 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Raised in poverty by her grandmother, Winfrey's early life was marked by hardship and adversity. Despite these challenges. she demonstrated a keen intellect and an early talent for public speaking.
Winfrey's journey to success began with a scholarship to Tennessee State University. where she studied communication. Her first job in media was as a co-anchor for the local evening news in Nashville. This role paved the way for her eventual transition to talk show hosting. where she found her true calling.
Dwayne Johnson: From Wrestling Royalty to Hollywood Superstar
Dwayne Johnson, also known by his ring name "The Rock," was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California. He comes from a family of professional wrestlers, with both his father, Rocky Johnson. and his grandfather, Peter Maivia, being notable figures in the wrestling world. Johnson's early life was spent moving between New Zealand and the United States. experiencing a variety of cultural influences.
Before entering the world of professional wrestling. Johnson had aspirations of becoming a professional football player. He played college football at the University of Miami. where he was part of a national championship team. But, injuries curtailed his football career, leading him to follow in his family's footsteps and enter the wrestling ring.
Career Milestones
Orpah Winfrey: The Queen of All Media
Winfrey's career breakthrough came in 1986 when she launched "The Oprah Winfrey Show." The show became a cultural phenomenon. drawing millions of viewers daily and earning many awards. Winfrey's empathetic and candid interviewing style resonated with audiences. helping her tackle diverse and often challenging topics.
Beyond her talk show, Winfrey expanded her empire to include the creation of Harpo Productions. a multimedia production company. She also launched "O, The Oprah Magazine" and OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network, further solidifying her status as a media mogul.
Dwayne Johnson: From The Ring to The Big Screen
Dwayne Johnson's wrestling career took off in the late 1990s. when he became one of the most charismatic and popular figures in WWE. His larger-than-life persona and catchphrases endeared him to fans. making him a household name. But, Johnson had ambitions beyond the wrestling ring.
In the early 20
_7 OTT App Builders to Support the Development of Your Video Applications_.pdfMega P
Due to their ability to produce engaging content more quickly, over-the-top (OTT) app builders have made the process of creating video applications more accessible. The invitation to explore these platforms emphasizes how over-the-top (OTT) applications hold the potential to transform digital entertainment.
At Digidev, we are working to be the leader in interactive streaming platforms of choice by smart device users worldwide.
Our goal is to become the ultimate distribution service of entertainment content. The Digidev application will offer the next generation television highway for users to discover and engage in a variety of content. While also providing a fresh and
innovative approach towards advertainment with vast revenue opportunities. Designed and developed by Joe Q. Bretz
Modern Radio Frequency Access Control Systems: The Key to Efficiency and SafetyAITIX LLC
Today's fast-paced environment worries companies of all sizes about efficiency and security. Businesses are constantly looking for new and better solutions to solve their problems, whether it's data security or facility access. RFID for access control technologies have revolutionized this.
240529_Teleprotection Global Market Report 2024.pdfMadhura TBRC
The teleprotection market size has grown
exponentially in recent years. It will grow from
$21.92 billion in 2023 to $28.11 billion in 2024 at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 28.2%. The
teleprotection market size is expected to see
exponential growth in the next few years. It will grow
to $70.77 billion in 2028 at a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 26.0%.
240529_Teleprotection Global Market Report 2024.pdf
Climate change effect on agricultural sector
1. CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECT ON AGRICULTURE
OF PAKISTAN
a joint effort by
Atif Nawaz
&
Ahmed Raza
emil- aafinawaz@gmail.com
MBA (3.5 Years)
INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT SCIENCES,
2. OUTLINES
What is climate change
Difference between climate and weather
Previous vs. present Climates
Causes
Effect on agriculture sector
Prevention
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
3. INTRODUCTION
Climate
Change in atmosphere over long period of time
Weather
Shot term change in atmosphere over short time period
Climate change
Changes in the earth's weather, including changes in temperature, wind patterns and
rainfall, especially the increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere that is
caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide.
4. INTRODUCTION (CONT…..)
The past some decade gas and energy consuming in globe cause the change atmosphere
industry and agriculture.
GNG Corbin dioxide (CO2) methane (Ch4) nitrous oxide (N2O) radiation increased
temperature in last decades 0.13°C
change in 1.1and 6.4 at the end of the 21st century. That caused in some region
regional and global changes in the climate-related parameters such as rainfall, soil
moisture, and sea level. Ice melting in increase temperature (IPCC)
8. CONSEQUENCES
Increase in ambient CO2 concentration is beneficial since it leads to increased
photosynthesis in several crops, especially those with C3 mechanism of
photosynthesis such as wheat and rice, and decreased evaporative losses. Despite
this, yields of major cereals crops, especially wheat are likely to be reduced due to
decrease in grain filling duration, increased respiration, and / or reduction in
rainfall/irrigation supplies.
Increase in extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, cyclones and heat
waves will adversely affect agricultural productivity.
Reduction in yields in the rained areas due to changes in rainfall pattern during
monsoon season and increased crop water demand.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
9. CONSEQUENCES
Incidence of cold waves and frost events may decrease in future due to global
warming and it would lead to a decreased probability of yield loss associated with
frost damage such as mustard and vegetables
Quality of fruits, vegetables, tea, and medicinal plants may be affected.
Agricultural biodiversity rainfall and increase in temperature, sea level rise, and
increased frequency and severity of droughts, cyclones and floods.
10. CONSEQUENCES
Water
Demand for irrigation water would increase with rise in temperature and evapor-
transpiration rate. lowering of groundwater table at some places.
The melting of glaciers in the Himalayas will increase water availability in the siachen and
their tributaries in the short-run, but in the long run, the availability of water will decrease
considerably.
A significant increase in runoff is projected in the wet season .This additional water in the
wet season, on the other hand, may lead to increase in frequency and duration of floods.
The water balance in different parts of Pakistan will be disturbed and the quality of
groundwater along the coastal track will be affected more due to intrusion of sea waters.
11. CONSEQUENCES
Soil
Organic matter content, which is already quite low in Pakistani soils, would
become still lower. Quality of soil organic matter may be affected.
The residues of crops under the elevated CO2 concentrations will have higher
Nutrient supply also effected.
Rise in soil temperature will increase.
There may be a change in rainfall volume and frequency.
• Rise in sea level may lead to salt-water ingression in the coastal lands,
turning them less suitable for conventional agriculture.
12. CONSEQUENCES
Livestock
• Climate change will affect fodder production and nutritional security of livestock.
Increased temperature would enhance lignifications of plant tissues, reducing the
digestibility.
• Global warming would increase water, shelter, and energy requirement of livestock
for meeting the projected milk demands.
• Climate change is likely to aggravate the heat stress in dairy animals, adversely
affecting their reproductive performance.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
13. CONSEQUENCES
Fishery
• Increasing temperature of sea and river water is likely to affect breeding, migration
and harvests of fishes.
• Impacts of increased temperature and tropical cyclonic activity would affect the
capture, production and marketing costs of the marine fish.
• Coral bleaching is likely to increase due to higher sea surface temperature.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
14. CAUSES
Factors that can shape climate are called climate forcing or "forcing mechanisms“.
Two types forces
1: External /Natural
External forcing mechanisms can be either natural.
Solar output The is the predominant source of energy.
Volcanism
Plate tectonics
Orbital variations
15. CAUSES
Solar output
Variations in solar activity during the last several centuries based on observations
of sunspots .
The Sun is the predominant source of energy input to the Earth. Other sources
include geothermal energy from the Earth. Both long- and short-term variations in
solar intensity are known to affect global climate.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
16. CAUSES
Volcanism
In atmospheric temperature from 1979 to 2010, determined by NASA satellites,
effects appear from aerosols released by major volcanic eruptions .
Earth's climate on a scale of more than 1 year are the ones that inject over
100,000 tons of SO2 into the stratosphere. This is due to the optical properties of
SO2 and sulfate aerosols, which strongly absorb or scatter solar radiation, creating a
global layer of sulfuric acid haze.
Plate tectonics
Over the course of millions of years, the motion of tectonic plates reconfigures global
land and ocean areas and generates topography. This can affect both global and
local patterns of climate and atmosphere-ocean circulation.
17. CAUSES
2: Internal Causes
Human influences
Climate changing caused by human activities," and it "is largely irreversible.
CO2 levels due to emissions from fossil fuel consumption, followed by aerosols (particulate
matter in the atmosphere) and the CO2 released by cement manufacture.
Other factors, including land use, ozone depletion, animal agriculture and deforestation,
both separately and in conjunction with other factors – in affecting climate, microclimate,
and measures of climate variables.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
18. CAUSES
Coal consumption
coal consumption is one of the major cause effect of climate they generate heat
carbon air pollution that effect health of the human and other species
Chemical industry
Chemical industry is effect like cement factory nylon factory fertilizer industry
CO2 & Nitrogen
Forest cutting
Large scale energy consumption
Population
19. GRAPH, FIGURES, DATA
Year Area Production Yield
(000 Hectare) % Change (000 bales)% Change (Kgs/Hec) %
Change
2010-11 2,689 - 11,460 - 725 -
2011-12 2,835 5.4 13,595 18.6 815 12.4
2012-13 2,879 1.6 13,031 -4.1 769 -5.6
2013-14 2,806 -2.5 12,769 -2 773 0.5
2014-
15(P)
2,961 5.5 13,183 9.5 802 3.8
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
Cotton production
20. GRAPH, FIGURES, DATA
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
The variation in production of every
year cased by weather is fluctuation
and the disturbance in monsoon
22. GRAPH, FIGURES, DATA
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
Change the pattern of rain increase
production and farmer need to
change the methods of the
cultivation to increases production
farmer need to grow the sugarcane
ten day before
24. GRAPH, FIGURES, DATA
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
Wheat crop is effected by the
shortage of the winter season that
cause crop ripe before time require
for growth of wheat grain. Grain is
shrink because temperature
increased quickly then crop
production is decreased
Tiller
26. GRAPH, FIGURES, DATA
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
Rice crop effect if the rains
production is increased in the
situation when need if the rain
at near
28. GRAPH, FIGURES, DATA
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
Maize is the water loving plant.
Rainfall period during early
growth days of crop is
beneficial.
But during the harvesting of
maize crop rainfall is very
harmful.
29. GRAPH, FIGURES, DATA
Crops 2013-14 2014-15 (P) % Change in
production
over
Last year
Area
(000 Hectares)
Production
(000 Tonnes)
Area
(000 Hectares)
Production
(000 Tonnes)
Bajra 475 301 408 258 -14.3
Jowar 198 119 171 103 -13.4
Gram 950 399 960 484 21.3
Barley 71 67 66 61 -9
Rapeseed & Mustard 220 203 198 183 -9.9
Tobacco 49 130 49 130 0
Area and Production of other Kharif and Rabi Crops
30. ANALYSIS
Seasonal temperature patterns
o In general increasing temperature was reported for winter and autumn. Decreasing
temperature was reported for spring. The decreasing temperature in spring was attributed to
extended winter and early summer rain making the spring cooler.
o decreasing temperature in summer was reported. This was due to late winter rain coming in
spring and early summer rain starting already in June. June normally is regarded as the
hottest month. This has changed due to shifting of rainfall patterns. Monsoon rains come in
July-August which are the hottest months, giving the months a cooling reputation.
[
31. ANALYSIS
Rainfall patterns
In all the districts, a shift of winter rainfall was reported by 2-3 weeks. The quantity
of winter rainfall was reported to have decreased. As compared to the past shorter
spells of rain was also noted, previously rain came in long spells stretching over days
to a week. A shift in monsoon rainfall towards spring by 2-3 weeks was reported with
around 20% decrease in the overall rain.
Mushrooming of tube wells
With increasing cultivation of wheat, number of tube wells has significantly
increased. The farmers are planning construction of more tube wells. This is an
alarming situation for the underground water resources and water table of the area.
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF
32. PREVENTION & SUGGESTIONS
Aware people about climate & implement climate friendly strategies
Don’t disturb natural resources.
Plant maximum amount of trees.
Reduce use of gases and pesticides. (coal consumption as well as fuel consumption)
Develop new crop pattern according to climate.
Look after water resources . Also change cultivation pattern .
Enhance the natural energy resources(wind power & solar power)
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD – UAF